Izici, ukunakekelwa nokulinywa kwesinaphi

Isinaphi yisitshalo esidliwayo esidabuka ezifundeni zaseYurophu ezinamazinga okushisa, okungokomndeni we-cruciferous.

Inani lezomnotho lalesi sitshalo liholele ekusakazekeni kwalo okubanzi futhi selilinywe njengomuthi e-Asia, eNyakatho Afrika naseYurophu izinkulungwane zeminyaka. AmaGreki namaRoma asendulo ayejabulela imbewu yesinaphi ngendlela yokunamathisela kanye ne-powder.

Izici zesinaphi

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zesinaphi; okuphuzi, okumnyama nokwasempumalanga. EYurophu, lwesinaphi esiphuzi saziwa nangokuthi isinaphi esimhlophe. Ikhula endle eMedithera Yurophu, eMpumalanga Ephakathi naseNyakatho Afrika

Imbewu yesinaphi, emnyama nomhlophe, icishe ibe yindilinga eyindilinga, inuka ngokunambitheka, futhi ayinaphunga uma iphelele. Imbewu yesinaphi emhlophe iphuzi ngokukhanyayo ngombala futhi icishe ibe ngu-2.5mm ububanzi.

Isinaphi saseMpumalanga, esinegama lesayensi I-Brassica juncea, ungowokuzalwa emagqumeni aseHimalaya, kodwa okwamanje uyalinywa futhi uyathengiswa e-United States, UK, Canada naseDenmark kanti umastadi omnyama, iBrassica nigra, utshalwa e-United States, eChile, e-Argentina nakwamanye amazwe ase-Europe.

Ukunakekelwa kwesinaphi nokulima

Izitshalo zesinaphi zivame ukutshalwa kusuka enzalweni, kodwa futhi zingakhula ngezithombo.

Ingatshalwa elangeni eligcwele nasemthunzini oyingxenye. Khetha indawo enomhlabathi owenziwe kahle, osebenze kahle, ovundile ocebile ngezinto eziphilayo. Umhlabathi ofanele i-pH kufanele ube u-5.5 kuye ku-6.8, yize bekwazi ukubekezelela i-pH ene-alkaline engu-7.5.

Tshala imbewu yesinaphi ehlukaniswe ngamasentimitha ama-2,5, cishe amasonto amathathu ngaphambi kosuku lokugcina lweqhwa. Uma utshala izithombo zesinaphi ezithengiwe, futhi zitshale ziqhelelene ngo-15 cm. Inhlabathi kumele igcinwe ilingene ngokulinganayo ukugcina amaqabunga ekhula ngokushesha.

Isinaphi simila enhlabathini ebandayo.Izimo ezithandekayo zokuhluma lwesinaphi zifaka phakathi; inhlabathi emanzi nokushisa kwenhlabathi okucishe kube ngu-7 ° C. Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, isinaphi sizovela emhlabathini ezinsukwini ezinhlanu kuya kweziyi-10.

Isinaphi esitshalwe lapho inhlabathi ingaphansi kuka-4ºC izohluma, kepha kancane kancane.

Umjikelezo wokuphila

Zingakapheli izinsuku ezingama-30 zokuhluma, lwesinaphi luzokwakha umbhede ovuthiwe. Zingakapheli izinsuku ezingama-35 kuya kwezingama-40 zokuhluma, izoqala ukuhluma.

Isikhathi sokuqhakaza sihlala cishe ezinsukwini eziyisikhombisa kuya kweziyi-15, noma kwesinye isikhathi singaba side. Ama-pods azokhula kusuka ezimbalini, ezinsukwini ezingama-35 kuya kwezingu-45 ezizayo. Imbewu ivuthiwe lapho ama-pods eqala ukushintsha kusuka kokuluhlaza kube nsundu noma nsundu.

Ukomisa

Imbewu yesinaphi kufanele ivunwe ngaphambi kokuba ama-pods aqhephuke kangangokuthi avele avuleke futhi asakaze imbewu lapho engafuneki khona.

Okuqukethwe komswakama okulungele ukugcina imbewu yesinaphi ngu-10%. Uma imbewu yesinaphi iqukethe umswakama omningi kakhulu, ingalimaza ngesikhathi sokulondolozwa. Uma imbewu ingomile ngokwanele lapho ivunwa, unethuba lokuyomisa on a mesh fine.

Ukuvuthwa

La Isinaphi esiphuzi sivuthwa masinyane kunesinaphi esinsundu nesaseMpumalanga Isinaphi esiphuzi sinomjikelezo wokuphila wezinsuku ezingama-80 kuya kwezingama-85 isinaphi esinsundu izinsuku ezingama-90 kuya kwezingama-95 Ngoba izinhlobo zesinaphi ezinsundu nezasempumalanga ziqhekeka kalula kunesinaphi esiphuzi okumelwe zivunwe ngaphambi kokuba ama-pods ome ngokuphelele.

Izifo zesinaphi

Yize imastadi ingenazo izinkinga eziningi, kuzodingeka uzivikele kwizikelemu zeklabishi, ama-aphid, izimpukane ezimhlophe, namabhungane. Ungazifafaza ngemikhiqizo equkethe i- "Bt" (Bacillus thuringiensis) yamacimbi, noma i-pyrethrin-based spray yamabhungane.

Lesi sitshalo singahlaselwa nokugqwala okumhlophe. Amahlamvu anokugqwala okumhlophe kufanele asuswe ngokushesha. Nisela izitshalo phansi kwesiqu ukugcina amaqabunga engenomswakama.