Izitshalo zasemanzini noma ezaziwa ngamagama i-hydrophilic noma njenge-hygrophilic yilezo izitshalo eziguqulelwe kahle ezindaweni ezinamanzi njengamachibi, amachibi, amachibi, amaxhaphozi, izizalo, amadelta, amachibi asolwandle kanye namabhange emifula.
Lezi yizitshalo ezingezona zombili amaqembu ama-algae kanye nama-bryophytes, noma nezitshalo ze-vaster pteridophytes nama-angiosperms, yimindeni ehlukene yama-monocot futhi njengama-dicotyledons.
Siyini isitshalo sasemanzini?
Amandla abo okuzivumelanisa nemvelo angahluka. Singathola amaqembu ahlukene alezi zitshalo, ezinye ezicwiliswe ngokuphelele, ezinye okuyinani elikhulu kakhulu, lelo zicwilile kancane noma lawo anamaqabunga entanta.
Imvamisa zimiswa odakeni olwakhiwe ezansi kwamanzi lapho zihlala khona, ezinye zazo zingakhululeka ezitholakala phakathi kwamanzi amabili bese zintanta phezulu kwawo. Lezi yizinhlobo ezitholakala ngokujwayelekile, nge ikhono lokuzivumelanisa nendlela yokuphila yasemanzini, kungaba engxenyeni yawo yemifino kanye nasengxenyeni yokuzala.
Izindlela zokuthi lesi sigaba sezitshalo esizikhethayo ziningi, singazithola emanzini ahlanzekile, emanzini anosawoti noma anosawoti, amanzi acishe amile, amazinga okushisa aphezulu.
Izitshalo zasemanzini zingumsuka walokho okuyizinto ukwakheka kwezitshalo ngendlela ethile, njengaleyo etholakala emihlangeni.
Ngaphakathi kwezitshalo zasemanzini ngendlela efanayo singathola isitshalo sasemanzini sesigaba esidla inyama esaziwa ngegama I-Aldrovanda vesiculosa, anendawo yokuhlala njengezibi zamachibi amanzi ekuqaleni ane-asidi.
Lezi zitshalo zasemanzini ziphikisana nezitshalo ze-xerophilic ezine- ikhono lokuzivumelanisa nemvelo yangaphakathi, njengoba ziningi izitshalo esivame ukuhlangana nazo.
Izici zezitshalo zasemanzini
Ukuze zivumelane nemvelo yasemanzini, lezi zitshalo zinezici ezithile ezikhethekile.
Lezo ezicwiliswe unomphela futhi zimunce izakhi zomzimba kanye namagesi okushintshana ngqo avela emanzini. Yikuphi babe nengxenye yomzimba wabo emanzini Azinakho ukumelana okukhulu nokulahlekelwa amanzi, lezi ziphikisana nezitshalo ezingakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezindawo ezomile, njengama-xerophytes, ngakho-ke ukumbozwa kokuvikela amanzi kwamaqabunga kanye nesiqu kuyancipha futhi ama-stomata abo avulekile ngokulandelana ahlelwe ubuso.
Omdala kunabo bonke umkhawulo wezitshalo zasemanzini, ikakhulukazi lezo ezibekwe ezansi, ukuthola i-oxygen edingekayo ukuze izimpande zayo zikwazi ukuphefumula kahle. Kungalesi sizathu iningi lazo linomzimba ogcwele izikhala ezingenalutho ezimele imigudu lapho umoya ungazungeza khona usuka emkhathini ufike ezimpandeni bese kuthi wona uwunikeze amandla okuntanta noma ukwazi ukuhlala umile ime ebusweni bamanzi, njengoba kunjalo ngeminduze yamanzi noma nembali ye-lotus.
Uma kuyindaba ye- izihlahla ezinjengexhaphozi cypressLezi zinezimpande ezikhethekile zokuphefumula, ezibizwa ngokuthi i-pneumatophores, eziphuma emanzini ukuze zifinyelele umoya-mpilo. Izitshalo zasemanzini ezinjenge-duckweed zinekamelo eligcwele umoya ngaphansi kwamaqabunga, okuzivumela ukuba zintante.
Enye into ebalulekile ekwazini kwalezi zitshalo ukuzivumelanisa nezindawo ezigcwele amanzi nezixhaphozi yikhono lazo yenza inqubo yamakhemikhali Lokhu kusiza ukuvimbela ukuqoqwa kwemikhiqizo enobuthi ejwayelekile ye-oxygen ephansi noma izimo zemidiya ye-anaerobic.