Ama-fern omuthi ayi-8 okukhula ezimbizeni noma engadini

I-Los izihlahla zamafern Zingezinye zezitshalo ezimangalisa kakhulu emhlabeni: isiqu sazo sincane kancane, kepha amaqabunga aso angadlula kalula amamitha amabili ubude. Uma ukude, zibukeka njengezihlahla zesundu, yize kungekho lutho olungadideka ngoba azifani ngokufana (izintende zingama-angiosperms, kanti amafern angama-gymnosperms).

Lezi zitshalo nazo sezindala kakhulu; ngaphezu kwalokho, izinsalela zeminyaka engaba yizigidi ezingama-420 zitholakele. Azikhiqizi izimbali, kepha lokho akuzange kubavimbe ekubeni ngesinye sezidalwa zezitshalo ezithandwa kakhulu ezingadini, kuma-patio nakuma-terrace. Ngokulandelayo ngizokwethula ezinhlotsheni ezithandwa kakhulu.

Ayini amafern?

U-fern uyi- isitshalo se-gymnosperm ebonakala ngokuba namahlamvu amakhulu (amaqabunga), imvamisa iphinifa, imvamisa iba nombala oluhlaza okotshani. Bangaba noma bangabi nesiqu esisebenza njengesiqu, esakhiwa yi-rhizome yezimpande. Zizalana ngezinhlamvu, ezikhiqizwa kuma-sporophil, futhi lezi zitholakala ngaphansi kwephini, futhi zibukeka kanjena:

Bahlalaphi?

Abomama bahlala ezifundeni ezinomthunzi futhi ezinomswakama lomhlaba. Kodwa-ke, iningi lezihlahla zemifeni zikhula kuphela kulezo ezipholile noma ezifudumele (kufaka phakathi indawo eshisayo).

Izinhlobo zezihlahla zamafern engadini noma ebhodweni

I-Blechnum gibbum

Eyaziwa njenge-blecno noma i-fern eqinile, ingumdabu wase-New Caledonia obonakala ngokuba nomqhele ominyene kakhulu, owakhiwe ngamafreyimu aluhlaza amade angama-3-4. Umboko wayo mfushane, ungafika kumitha elilodwa ukuphakama cishe amasentimitha angama-20 ubukhulu.

Ukutshalwa kwayo kulula kakhulu: kudinga inhlabathi evundile, enomswakama (ungayivumeli yome ngokuphelele ehlobo), futhi sengathi lokho bekunganele, imelana namakhaza womabili abuthakathaka (kuze kufike ku -3ºC) namazinga okushisa aphezulu (38ºC) .

ICyathea australis

Saziwa njengomuthi omubi wesihlahla, siyisitshalo esidabuka eningizimu-mpumalanga yeQueensland, eNew South Wales naseningizimu neVictoria e-Australia. Ingafinyelela kumamitha ayi-12 ukuphakama, kuyaqabukela amamitha angama-20, ngesiqu sesiqu esingaba ngu-30cm. Amacembe amade, amamitha ayi-4 kuye kwayi-6 ubude, ingaphezulu linombala oluhlaza okotshani futhi ngaphansi liluhlaza okotshani.

It is itshalwe zombili ezingadini nasemabhodweni, nenhlabathi evundile futhi ekhanywa kahle. Imvamisa yokunisela kufanele ibe phezulu, ngoba ayimelani nesomiso. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ithwala amakhaza abuthaka aze afike ku -3 -C uma egcina isikhathi futhi enesikhathi esifushane.

ICyathea arborea

Eyaziwa njenge-fern giant noma i-shrimp stick, kungumdabu womdabu kuma-Antilles lokho ingafinyelela kumamitha angama-9 ukuphakama, nesiqu esincane phakathi kuka-7 no-13cm ubukhulu. Amaqabunga afinyelela ubude obufinyelela kumamitha amane, futhi aluhlaza.

Ngenxa yemvelaphi yayo, ukutshalwa kwayo kubucayi. Phila ngaphandle kuphela ezindaweni ezinomswakama ezishisayo, ngaphandle kweqhwa. Ingagcinwa futhi nangaphakathi ezindlini, ngokwesibonelo kuvulandi elingaphakathi, evikelwe elangeni. Kudinga ukuchelelwa njalo.

ICyathea cooperi

Eyaziwa njenge-Queensland Tree Fern, i-Australian Tree Fern, i-Lace Tree Fern, i-Scaly Tree Fern, noma i-Cooper Tree Fern, isitshalo esidabuka e-Australia. Ikhula ize ifike kumamitha angama-15 ukuphakama, ngosayizi wesiqu ofika ku-30cm. Amaqabunga awo aluhlaza, nobude obungamamitha ayi-4-6 ubude.

Ingatshalwa emthunzini omncane emasimini anenhlabathi evundile nasemabhodweni amakhulu ezindaweni ezifudumele. Imelana nesithwathwa esifinyelela ku -4ºC uma sigcina isikhathi futhi isikhathi esifushane. Khumbula ukuthi kula mazinga okushisa angalahlekelwa amahlamvu, kepha ilulama kahle entwasahlobo. Amazinga okushisa aphezulu (30, 35 noma ngisho 38 evenC) awakuthinti uma unenhlabathi enomswakama.

ICyathea dealbata

Eyaziwa njengesihlahla sefern esiliva, i-silver fern, i-kaponga, noma i-pong, iyisitshalo esivamile eNew Zealand. Ingadlula amamitha ayi-10 ukuphakama, enomqhele ominyene owakhiwe ngamahlumela amamitha ayi-4 ubude, emhlophe noma isiliva ngaphansi. Umboko wayo ungeqi kumasentimitha angama-30.

Ukunakekelwa akudingayo kuyafana nodadewabo c.cooperi: inhlabathi evundile noma i-substrate, ukuchelela njalo, nokuba sendaweni lapho isimo sezulu sipholile. Imelana nesithwathwa esibuthakathaka size sifike ku-2ºC, yize incamela ukungawisi ngaphansi kuka-0º.

UCyathea medullaris

Yaziwa njengomuthi omnyama we-fern, kuvamile eNew Zealand. Ikhula ibe ukuphakama 6-7 amamitha, onomboko omnyama ngokuphelele ongagqinsi ngaphezu kwama-35cm. Amaqabunga awo noma amaqabunga afinyelela kumamitha ayi-5.

Yisitshalo esilula ukusinakekela, esidinga isimo sezulu esishisayo, ukunisela kaningi, nenhlabathi ecebile ngezinto eziphilayo.

UDicksonia antarctica (manje I-Balantium antarcticum)

Eyaziwa njengeDicksonia, ingumdabu wase-Australia, ikakhulukazi iNew South Wales, iTasmania neVictoria. Ingafinyelela kumamitha ayi-15 ukuphakama, yize into ejwayelekile ukuthi azidluli kumamitha ayi-5. Umboko wayo ukhula ube cishe u-30cm, futhi uthweswe umqhele wamaphepha amade kakhulu amamitha ayi-4 kuye kwayi-6.

Kujwayelekile ukuyithola ezingadini ezipholile, ezinesimo sezulu esipholile (esinama-maximum afinyelela ku-30ºC) futhi kunomswakama. Kudinga inhlabathi ecebile ngezinto eziphilayo, nokunisela kaningi. Ukulinywa kwayo eMedithera akunconyiwe ngenxa yokubekezelela okuphansi emazingeni okushisa adlulele (ubuncane obungu-35-38ºC) onayo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, imelana nesithwathwa size sifike ku -5ºC.

I-Fickr dicksonia 

Eyaziwa ngokuthi i-fern yegolide, kungumdabu wase-New Zealand lokho ifinyelela kumamitha angama-6 ukuphakama, ngogqinsi lwesiqu esingu-30cm. Amaqabunga noma amaqabunga angamamitha amathathu kuya kwangu-3 ubude, okwenza ngokungangabazeki kube omunye wamafern ezihlahla ezincane kunazo zonke.

Ukulinywa kwayo kuqukethe ukuba nayo ezindaweni ezivundile, ezinamanzi amaningi, futhi ezinomswakama. Ukunisela kufanele kube njalo. Imelana nesithwathwa esibuthakathaka futhi kwesinye isikhathi esifinyelela ku -2ºC.

I-athikili ehlobene:

ICyathea tomentosissima, isihlahla somuthi ongakushiyi ungenandaba

Indlela yokutshala izihlahla zomuthi?

Amaferns ezihlahla yizitshalo okuthi, noma kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukahlukene, konke kudinga ukunakekelwa okungaphezulu noma okuncane. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma uthenga ngokwesibonelo iBlechnum bese ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uthola iCyathea, ngicishe ngibe nesiqiniseko esingu-100% ukuthi bobabili bazoba yigugu uma ubanakekela ngale ndlela:

• Indawo:
  • Ngaphandle: kubeke endaweni ekhanyayo, kepha kuvikelwe elangeni eliqondile. Okungcono, kubeke emthunzini wesihlahla esikhulu -nomqhele obanzi-, noma ngaphansi kwenetha lokufiphaza.
  • Ngaphakathi: igumbi kufanele likhanye, ngaphandle kokusalungiswa.
• Ukunisela: njalo, ikakhulukazi ehlobo. Kufanele ugcine inhlabathi imanzi ngaphandle kwasebusika noma uma unayo ngaphakathi, lapho kungcono ukuyiyeka yome kancane. Sebenzisa amanzi angenalayini uma kungenzeka, futhi ungamanzisi amaqabunga.
• Umbhalisile: entwasahlobo nasehlobo ngomanyolo ophilayo, njenge isitibhili (kuyathengiswa lapha).
• Isikhathi sokutshala noma sokutshala kabusha: entwasahlobo, lapho izinga lokushisa eliphansi likhuphuka ngaphezu kuka-15ºC.
• Izinhlupho nezifo: amelana kakhulu. Kepha kufanele ulawule izingozi, futhi uma imvelo yomile futhi ishisa kakhulu, ku mealybugs.
• Ukuphindaphinda: ngezinhlamvu entwasahlobo, okumele zigcinwe embhedeni wembewu eduze komthombo wokushisa.

Ungathenga kuphi izihlahla zomuthi?

Lezi zitshalo zivame ukuthengiswa ezindaweni zokugcina izingane, kodwa ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwakho Ngincoma ukuthi useshe i-Intanethi ukuthola izitolo noma izitolo eziku-inthanethi ezingabakhiqizi futhi ezinikele ekuthengiseni.

Qaphela kakhulu lapho uthenga izinhlobo ezinkulu, ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi zebiwe ngokungemthetho ezindaweni zabo zokuhlala. Ukugwema ukuzibeka engcupheni, ngaso sonke isikhathi funa ama-specimens amancane, ngaphandle kwesiqu, ngoba ngale ndlela uyaqiniseka ukuthi lezi zithombo zitholwe yizinhlamvu.

Futhi ngalokhu senziwe. Yimaphi ama-ferns esihlahla owabonile owathanda kakhulu?