Enye yezinkinga ezimbi kakhulu utshani obungaba nazo izinambuzane, futhi kunzima kakhulu ukuzelapha. Okuyinhloko izinambuzane nezifo yilezo ezibangelwa izinambuzane noma ezinye izilwane ezinjengezimvukuzane noma izinyoni. Ezinye izilwane ezincane, njengama-slugs noma iminenke, nazo zilimaza kakhulu utshani. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, utshani bungaveza izifo ezibangelwa izinto eziphilayo ezifana namagciwane, amagciwane noma isikhunta.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nezinambuzane nezifo zotshani.
Izinambuzane nezifo zasetshanini
Uma silungisa utshani ngendlela efanele, njengokuwugunda nokuwunisela ngezikhathi ezithile noma ukufaka umanyolo ukuze uhlale unomsoco ngaso sonke isikhathi, singavikela utshani ezinambuzaneni nasezifweni eziningi. Noma kunjalo, kungenzeka ukuthi ngesinye isikhathi isifo esithile sizokhula.
izinambuzane eziwutshani
Izinambuzane eziyinhloko ezingaphathwa utshani yilezo ezivame ukudala umonakalo omkhulu, njenge: ezimhlophe, ezimpunga noma i-nematodes, amakhilikithi noma ama-moles, nakuba uhlu lwezinambuzane lungaba lude kakhulu.
Ama-Slugs neminenke
Lezi zinambuzane zingaba esinye sezinambuzane ezibhubhisa kakhulu ngoba, ikakhulukazi ehlobo, ziphuma ezidlekeni ukuze zidle iziqu namaqabunga ezitshalo, ikakhulukazi utshani.
isibungu esimhlophe
Ngokuvamile ziyizibungu zezinhlobo ezahlukene zamabhungane futhi zingaba kulesi sigaba iminyaka engaba ngu-3. Uma ziyizibungu zingadala umonakalo otshanini, futhi esimweni sabantu abadala azinabungozi ngoba azidli. Lesi zinambuzane ngokuvamile sibonakala ekulimaleni kotshani ekupheleni kwehlobo naphakathi nentwasahlobo.
Izikelemu ezimpunga
Izibungu ezindala ezimpunga ziyizinundu, kodwa yizibungu nezibungu ezilimaza utshani.
izikelemu zocingo
Lesi sibungu singesinye isibungu sebhungane esibuye sidla izimpande nezilimo eziyizigaxa, kanye nokunye ukudla okuningi.
Intuthwane
Izintuthwane azizona izinambuzane eziyingozi kakhulu, kodwa zingalimaza utshani, ikakhulukazi lapho zihlwanyela, ngoba zintshontsha imbewu ephonswe phansi ukuze yenze utshani.
Izihloko
Ama-moles noma ama-voles amagundane amancane adla ama-bulb, izimpande nezilimo eziyizigaxa, phakathi kwezinye izinto. Ziyizilwane ezidla utshani futhi zingaba izinambuzane ezilimaza kakhulu otshanini. Ukwengeza, zivame ukumba phansi futhi zingaba nemiphumela elimazayo otshanini.
isifo sotshani
Izifo ze-Turf ngokuvamile ziyizimo ezingavamile ezibangelwa izinto eziphilayo noma amagciwane futhi kungaba nzima ukuzibona ngoba izimpawu zifana kakhulu nezinye izinkinga ze-turf.
Izinhlobo ezimbili zezifo zingenzeka otshanini: ezinye zibangelwa izinto eziphilayo ezifana nesikhunta, amagciwane noma amagciwane, kanti ezinye ziyizifo zomzimba kuphela ezibangelwa izici zangaphandle njengezinambuzane.
Ngezansi, sibala izifo eziyinhloko zotshani:
Isikhunta
Ingenye yezifo ezivame kakhulu zotshani. Isikhunta sibonakala kakhulu lapho izinga lokushisa liphezulu futhi kunomswakama. Ukuba khona kwawo kuyathakazelelwa lapho utshani bufile, okungukuthi, buphuzi noma bomile. Ukuze uvimbele lezi zinkinga, lawula ukuchelela utshani, ukugunda nokuvundisa, kodwa lapho inkinga isivele ikhona, ama-fungicides athile kufanele asetshenziselwe ukuqeda kanye nokulwa nesikhunta. Imiphumela ehlukahlukene engadalwa yilezi zinkinga ihlanganisa:
- Ukukhula okuminyene kakhulu (utshani obunzima).
- Ukusetshenziswa okunamandla okuqhubekayo.
- Umswakama ophezulu noma amanzi amile.
- Imbozwe ngesendlalelo esiwugqinsi kakhulu
- Inhlabathi engalungile i-pH.
- Utshani obuphithizelayo.
- Ukusikwa kufushane kakhulu.
- Utshani ezindaweni ezinomthunzi.
- Amaqabunga axegayo noma utshani obude bukhona ebusika.
- Amanzi amaningi noma umanyolo omningi kakhulu.
Ukuvimbela ukhunta otshanini kuqala ngokukhetha ingxube yembewu efanele. Imbewu yeqophelo eliphezulu ivamise ukukhiqiza isikhunta esincane futhi ngokuvamile imelana kakhulu nezifo. Kubalulekile ukukhetha uhlobo lotshani olusekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwesikhathi esizayo ungadali umonakalo nobuhlungu obungadingekile otshanini.
Ngeshwa, ngisho nasezitshanini ezinhle kakhulu ezisikiwe, isikhunta asisoze sakhishwa ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, izifo eziningi ze-fungal lawn azinangozi etshanini ngaphandle kokubukeka kwazo okungabukeki.
izifo ze-physiological
Izifo zotshani yizinkinga ezingenzeka otshanini futhi azibangelwa izinto eziphilayo. Lezi zifo kungabangelwa amanzi amaningi, isomiso, izinga eliphansi lomhlabathi, izinkinga zokutshala, isivuno esifushane kakhulu, ukufakwa okungafanele kwemithi yokubulala ukhula, umchamo wezinja nekati noma izimpande zesihlahla.
ukuvundisa utshani ngokweqile
Njengazo zonke izitshalo, utshani bungavundiswa ngokweqile. Inani eleqile lezakhi ezithile, ikakhulukazi umanyolo wamaminerali, kungabangela ukuthi utshani buguge futhi/noma bufe. Umanyolo omningi ungashintsha utshani bakho bube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma lube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngoba usawoti okumanyolo "ushisa" izindwani zotshani.
Isithwathwa kanye nesimo sezulu esibandayo singabangela izifo, amabala, kanye nesikhunta otshanini. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, sincoma ukuthi ulungiselele utshani bakho ebusika: vundisa ngo-Agasti noma ngoSeptemba ukuze utshani buqine ngenkathi ebandayo; hlola inhlabathi pH ekwindla bese wengeza umcako uma kunesidingo; futhi usike utshani bube ngu-5 cm ubude. Ngala malungiselelo alula, utshani buzobe bulungele ukubhekana namakhaza asebusika. Noma yikuphi ukuguquguquka kombala kuzonyamalala ngokushesha otshanini obunomoya omuhle obufakwe ngomanyolo wemvelo.
Kafushane, izimpawu ze-turfgrass disease zibonakala kalula.
- Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, ungagcina utshani bakho bunempilo, nakuba kuhlale kunethuba lokugula.
- Ukushintsha umbala ngokuvamile kubonisa ukuthi utshani budinga imisoco eyengeziwe noma ukuthi ugunda kakhulu.
- Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zesikhunta, kodwa azibeki usongo empilweni yotshani bakho, umthelela wazo ikakhulukazi wezimonyo.
- Imvamisa ukuchelela kangcono kanye nokufaka umquba ngendlela efanele kungasiza ekuvimbeleni izifo zefungal.
- I-moss ingalashwa ngokuvundiswa njalo kanye nokuxegiswa kwenhlabathi.
Njengoba ubona, ukunakekelwa kotshani kubalulekile uma singafuni ukucekelwa phansi yizinambuzane nezifo. Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nezinambuzane nezifo zotshani.