Emkhayeni wamawolintshi, isihlahla samawolintshi ngokungangabazeki siyisihlahla sezithelo esithandwa kakhulu, kanye nesihlahla sikalamula. Ukukhiqizwa kwale mifino kungaba kuningi kakhulu, inqobo nje uma izimo zifanelekile. Ngokuqondene nezithelo zawo, amawolintshi, asetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke, kungaba ukupheka, ukwenza amajusi, ukuwadla njengoba enjalo kanye nokubhaka. Isakhiwo salesi sithelo esisawolintshi sinamandla futhi Ngenxa yezifundo ezahlukahlukene ezikwazile ukukhiqiza ama-hybrids, izinambuzane zesihlahla samawolintshi azinankinga kangako njengoba sekuyamelana kakhulu.
Nokho, izinambuzane zesihlahla samawolintshi ziyaqhubeka zikhona futhi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zimelana kangakanani, ngesinye isikhathi ingathinteka. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukuthi sazi ukuthi yiziphi izinambuzane ezingathinta lesi sithelo se-citrus, ukuthi singazibona kanjani nokuthi yikuphi ukwelashwa okukhonjisiwe esimweni ngasinye. Ngakho-ke uma ucabanga ukutshala izihlahla zamawolintshi noma usunazo lezi zihlahla zezithelo, ngincoma ukuthi uqhubeke ufunda.
Izinambuzane ezivame kakhulu zesihlahla samawolintshi
Ngaphambi kokuba sikhulume ngezinambuzane ezisawolintshi, sizoqale sichaze kahle ukuthi yini ethathwa njengeyinkathazo kwezolimo. Kanjalo, leli gama libhekisela kuzo zonke lezo zinambuzane, izilwane nezitshalo ezibangela umphumela omubi ezitshalweni. Ukuze izinambuzane zikhule, zidinga umthombo wokudla onokwethenjelwa, ogxilile. Ngokuvamile, izinyathelo ezisetshenziselwa ukwandisa umkhiqizo wemifino emasimini alinyiwe zakha indawo ekahle yezinambuzane. Lezi zinyathelo ngokuvamile zilandelayo:
- I-Monocultures yezinhlobonhlobo ezikhiqizwa kakhulu.
- Ukusetshenziswa komanyolo.
- Ukuncishiswa noma ukuqedwa kwenhlabathi ephumule ukuze kulinywe kaningi.
Uma kukhulunywa ngezinambuzane zesihlahla samawolintshi, ezivame kakhulu ngamathrips, whitefly, aphid kanye nabavukuzi bewolintshi. Okulandelayo sizokhuluma ngazo zonke nokuthi zingalwa kanjani nazo. Kamuva sizophawula kancane isifo se-mealybugs, esivame kakhulu kuzo zonke.
Uhambo
Okokuqala sinawo amathrips. Lezi izinambuzane ezincane ezivame ukuhlasela izitshalo. Umthelela omubi abanawo ngokukhethekile esihlahleni samawolintshi usungulwa ezithelweni, okungukuthi, kumawolintshi, lapho esesigabeni sokukhula esigcwele. Ngokuphathelene nendawo okugxilwe kuyo, lokhu ku-calyx, okungukuthi, phezulu kwewolintshi. Kodwa-ke, ezimeni ezithuthuke kakhulu, imiphumela emibi ingabonakala kuso sonke isakhiwo.
Njengoba sesishilo ngaphambili, ama-thrips ayinkathazo evame kakhulu kuzo zonke izinhlobo ze-citrus. Lezi zinambuzane ezincane zihlala ezimbalini zezihlahla, lapho zingadali khona umonakalo obonakalayo. Baqala ukuhlasela ngemva kokuwa kwamacembe, Yilapho-ke kufanele siqaphe kakhulu futhi silalelisise ukuze sihlole isimo izitshalo ezikuso.
Ukuqeda ama-thrips kufanele sebenzisa isibulala-zinambuzane esithile ekhonjiswe lolu hlobo lwezilwane. Yebo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi sicabangele isikhathi esifanele sokusisebenzisa, ukuze sigweme ukulimaza amanye amagciwane.
Impukane emhlophe
Esinye sezinambuzane ezivame kakhulu ezivame ukuthinta isihlahla samawolintshi yimpukane emhlophe, ebuye ibe ngenye yezinto ezikhathaza kakhulu. Akukhona ngenxa ye-whitefly ngokwayo ukuthi iyinkathazo esabekayo, kodwa ngoba kusiza kakhulu ukubonakala kwesifo sokukhunta esaziwa ngokuthi «ngesibindi". Ngaphezu kwalokho, idonsa ezinye izinambuzane, njenge-mealybugs. Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kuyoba okubalulekile esihlahleni samawolintshi.
Yimpukane endala ekhiqiza isenzo esiyinhloko, esihlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kwento ebizwa ngokuthi i-honeydew ngemuva kweqabunga. Indlela elula yokubona lesi sifo iwukubheka indlela izintuthwane eziziphatha ngayo esihlahleni, njengoba zikhangwa ngokufanayo ama-molasses.
Kukhona ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zemvelo esingazisebenzisa kokubili ukuqeda nokuvimbela isifo se-whitefly. Ngakolunye uhlangothi singageza imifino ngensipho emnene, uma isivele ithintekile. Omunye umqondo ukwelapha futhi ukuvimbela lesi zinambuzane tshala imifino exosha endaweni ezungezile, njenge calendula. Uma ukwelapha kwemvelo kungenele, sizohlala sinenketho yokusebenzisa isibulala-zinambuzane, uma kungenzeka ngokwemvelo.
Izintwala
Ama-aphid nawo ayingxenye yezinambuzane ezivame kakhulu zesihlahla samawolintshi. Lezi zinambuzane ezincane zimelela umndeni owakhiwe izinhlobo eziningana ezahlukene, okungenani ezine zazo ezivame kakhulu ezitshalweni zamawolintshi. Kufana nezimpukane, ama-aphid nawo akhiqiza amazolo emaqabunga. Zakha le molasi ngokumunca ubisi, ezidla ngalo. Ngakho-ke singaphetha ngokuthi nazo zisiza ukuvela kwesibindi nezinye izinambuzane, njenge-mealybugs.
Kunezindlela eziningana zokuvimbela ukuvela kwama-aphid. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvimbela izilonda ezidalwa izitshalo. Ngakho-ke, kufanele siqiniseke ukuthi senza izihlahla ezithambile futhi kuphela lokho okudingekayo. Enye indlela yokuvimbela lesi zinambuzane, esebenza kahle kakhulu, yi yizitha zemvelo zama-aphid. Kodwa-ke, uma ukuqubuka kukukhulu kakhulu futhi umonakalo ungenakwenzeka, isenzo sebhayoloji yisona esinconywa kakhulu. Yebo, noma ngabe ikuphi, ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yebhayoloji noma yamakhemikhali kumele ngaso sonke isikhathi kulawulwe kahle kakhulu futhi kusetshenziswe kuphela leyo egunyazwe izinhlangano eziphethe.
Umvukuzi we-Citrus
Asikwazi ukusikhohlwa isibungu somvukuzi wezithelo ezisawolintshi. Izibungu zayo zihlasela amaqabunga ezisawolintshi, zenze imihubhe engashoni futhi zidla kuwo. Njengoba igama layo libonisa, lesi zinambuzane sivame kakhulu ezithelweni ezisawolintshi, njengezihlahla zamawolintshi, izihlahla zikalamula, njll. kunezinye izitshalo, kodwa zingavela nasezitshalweni ezihlobene eduze, njenge kholwethu y ama-kumquats.
Kunezinye izinambuzane eziwuhlobo lomvukuzi ezihlasela izitshalo zokuhlobisa, izitshalo nokhula, kodwa zithinta kakhulu iziqu nezithelo zemifino. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi okuwukuphela kwesivimbi seqabunga esijikijela emaqabungeni e-citrus umgodi wamaqabunga wewolintshi.
Indlela yokwelapha i-cochineal ezihlahleni zewolintshi?
Phakathi kwazo zonke izinambuzane zesihlahla samawolintshi, i-mealybug eyi-ribbed iyona evame kakhulu. Kuyi-parasite edla izitshalo, ibangele ukonakala emaqabunga kanye ne-chlorosis, ize yomise namagatsha angenwe yilesi sifo ngezinye izikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulahlekelwa ubisi oluhlushwa isitshalo esithintekile kungalimaza ukukhiqiza nokukhula kwaso. Kufanele futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi ama-mealybugs, ama-suckers, Bangadlulisela amagciwane emifino ngokuyiluma.
Njengama-aphid nama-whiteflies, nama-mealybugs bakhipha ama-molasses. Le nto iheha izintuthwane futhi ikhuthaze ukubukeka kwesibindi. Kuleli qophelo, singasebenzisa isikhuthazi esenziwe ngethusi ukulwa nalesi sifo sokukhunta.
Uma kuziwa ekulawuleni i-cochineal, nanoma yisiphi esinye isilokazane esingaphazamisa izitshalo zethu, kungcono ukushiya izibulala-zinambuzane njengendlela yokugcina, Ziyingozi kakhulu emvelweni nasempilweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kungenzeka ukuthi sibangele umphumela ophambene, njengoba izilwane eziwusizo zendawo ezungezile zizoqedwa.
Uma sinenhlanhla futhi indawo enegciwane ayibanzi kakhulu, Singakwazi ukuqeda ama-cochineals ngesandla noma ngamanzi acindezelwe. Into engcono kakhulu esingayenza ukuthena lezo zingxenye zemifino ezithinteka kakhulu futhi zenze umqhele kancane. Ngale ndlela, izinambuzane azivikeleki kakhulu esimweni somkhathi.
Kukhona futhi kungenzeka ukwelapha lesi zinambuzane ngensipho ye-potassium exutshwe 2% emanzini. Kuyisibulala-zinambuzane esiphilayo esingenabungozi kubantu. Ngalokhu kwelashwa ngeke silwe nesifo kuphela, kodwa sizophinde sihlanze izinsalela ze-molasses, ngaleyo ndlela sivimbele ukubonakala komnyama.
Isilwane esizingelayo semvelo: I-Rhodolia cardinalis
Cishe akunakwenzeka ukuqeda ngokuphelele i-mealybug ene-ribbed. Nokho, singazama ukugcina inani labantu lilawulwa, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwezinga lapho umonakalo uyingozi. Ukusebenzisa izindlela zokulawula izinto eziphilayo kuvame ukusebenza kahle kakhulu. Esimeni salolu bhubhane, kunesilwane esizingelayo esingokwemvelo esidla lolu hlobo kuphela. Kubizwa I-Rhodolia cardinalis futhi, naphezu kokuba udabuka e-Australia, namuhla ungumhlanganyeli womhlaba wonke ekulimeni amawolintshi. Njengamanje singathola lo mzingeli wemvelo we-cochineal ezindaweni ezinobusika obupholile. Nokho, kukhona ithuba lokuyithenga.
Ibhungane elinobude obucishe bube ngamamilimitha amathathu. Ifana ncimishi ne-ladybug enamabala ayisikhombisa, kodwa incane ngosayizi futhi inamabala amnyama nabomvu esikhundleni samachashaza. Rhodalia cardinalis Inenzalo engavamile, ikwazi ukuba nezizukulwane ezifika kweziyisithupha. Idla ama-mealybugs kuwo wonke umjikelezo wabo webhayoloji, ngaleyo ndlela iba yisisulu esibi salolu hlobo. I-drawback kuphela lapho uthola lesi sinambuzane yilokho ayibubekezeleli ubusika obushubile.
Uma kwenzeka sinquma ukwethula I-Rhodolia cardinalis ezitshalweni zethu kufanele sigweme ukuba khona kwezintuthwane eziningi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezibanzi, ngoba bobabili babezogcina ngaleli bhungane.
Ngokucabangela konke esisanda kukufunda mayelana nezinambuzane ezisawolintshi, manje sesiyakwazi ukuhlonza nokwelapha abahlaseli abahlukahlukene, size sibavimbele. Khumbula ukuthi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqapha kanye nokubheka izitshalo ukuthola noma iyiphi i-pathology ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka futhi ubeke isixazululo kuyo.