I-Los Izingadi zase-Aranjuez ziyiqoqo elihle lezwe lamahlathi namapaki amahle atholakala kumasipala wase-Aranjuez, ku-Autonomous Community of Madrid, Spain. Lezi zingadi ziyiNdawo Yamagugu Omhlaba futhi ziyingxenye ye-Cultural Landscape yase-Aranjuez, eyamenyezelwa njengeNdawo Yamagugu Omhlaba yi-UNESCO ngo-2001.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nezingadi zase-Aranjuez, izici zazo kanye nomlando wazo.
Izingadi zase-Aranjuez
I-Aranjuez iyisifunda esiseningizimu futhi ingeyesibili ngobukhulu (186,7 km2) esifundeni., ezungezwe omasipala baseCastilla-La Mancha abangaphansi kwezifunda zaseLa Sagra naseMesa de Ocaña. Imingcele yendawo yayo yakha ulimi olubanzi noluyisici olulandela amanzi athambile eTagus ngasosebeni lwesokunxele kuze kube yilapho lungena ezweni elinamahlamvu nelihloniphekile laseToledo.
Esimweni se-Castilian Altiplano, ebonakala ngesimo sezulu saseMedithera, esithambekele ekukhuleni kwezwekazi, i-Aranjuez iba isiqhingi esinohlaza oluluhlaza ngenxa yokushoda kwezindawo ezinamahlathi, ezithathelwe indawo ingxenye enkulu yizitshalo ezidla imvula eziningi, nezihlahla zazo ezibanzi nezihlahla. amahlathi asemfuleni, ngenxa yobuningi bamanzi kanye nokuvunda kwezigodi zenhlabathi ye-sedimentary, ngokuphambene kakhulu nogwadule oluzungezile.
Kwanezelwa uhlelo olubanzi lokunisela emaqabunga okuqala, okwazalelwa kuwo amasimu nezingadi, okunothisa indawo yezitshalo, kuyilapho izindlela, amabhuloho kanye nengqalasizinda ehlukahlukene inikeza ukufinyeleleka okukhulu kule nkimbinkimbi.
Umlando Wezingadi Zase-Aranjuez
Umlando walendawo ugcwele ukuhlangana kwamasiko.AmaKapa, amaVisigoth, amaRoma nama-Arabs adlula kulomhlaba ovundile. NgeNkathi Ephakathi kwakungokwenhlangano yezempi yaseSantiago futhi umnikazi wayo wakha isigodlo sokuqala ehlathini eligcwele izilwane ezinkulu nezincane. Isimo seRoyal Site sisuka kuMakhosi AmaKatolika (ikhulu le-XNUMX) afaka zonke izindawo zawo emqhele, nakuba uFelipe II (ngekhulu le-XNUMX) wayezoba nomthwalo wemfanelo wokufeza elinye lamaphupho amadala kayise, uMbusi uCarlos V, ukuze Ngokukhuphuka nokunwetshwa kwendawo ebiyelwe Isigodlo Sasebukhosini, waguqula i-Aranjuez yaba enye yezindawo zokuhlala azikhonzile. U-Felipe II wayefuna ngempela ukudala enye yamaphrojekthi akhe amakhulu: i-Aranjuez.
Kangangoba yena ngokwakhe wanikeza iziqondiso eziqondile ngesidingo sokudweba imigwaqo futhi wanquma imininingwane yokuhlelwa kwendawo, njengoba amanye amakhomishana akhe ethi: "Bheka umgwaqo osuka ebhulohweni, umbono ovela ebhuloho ubheke emgwaqweni". Uthando lukaFelipe II lwezingadi lwaziwa kakhulu. Mhlawumbe kwakungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi abalimi abahamba phambili baseSpain nabangaphandle bangaleso sikhathi babamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni, ekudaleni nasekufezeni umsebenzi, ngomyalo ocacile weNkosi.
Yile ndlela ezakhiwe ngayo izingadi zokuqala zezitshalo ezaziwa eYurophu ngaleso sikhathi, zasungula izikhungo zokuhlola nokukhiqiza izinhlobo zezitshalo zasezindaweni ezishisayo. Imbewu, izihlahla nezihlahlana ezilethwe uhambo oluvela e-Indies kwatshalwa lapha. UFelipe II waqala umsebenzi njengeNkosana Yomqhele futhi waqhubeka njengeNkosi. Ekuqaleni wazama ukusebenzisana nabakhi bayo, ikakhulukazi uLuis noGaspar de Vega, ababeka imigwaqo yokuqala enemithi (Reina, Madrid kanye ne-Entrepuentes); kodwa iphrojekthi yayihilela umsebenzi omningi futhi yayiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu (izinkinga ngomfula, isidingo sokudala imisebenzi ye-hydraulic, izakhiwo ezinkulu…).
Ubuhle Bezingadi Zase-Aranjuez
Isidingo sokuhlanganisa izinto eziwusizo nobuhle kanye nesibopho sokudala imibono enenani eliphakeme lendawo kwakuyinselele enkulu kangangokuthi inkosi yayala uJuan Bautista de Toledo, umakhi ophethe zonke izinqubo, izazi zesayensi ezivelele, ukuba zilethwe kuye ngo-1560. .njengoba uJuanelo Turriano, uPedro Esquivel, uFrancesco Sittoni noma uPacciotto ahlolisisiwe. Ngemva kokufa kukaJuan Bautista de Toledo ngo-1567, uJuan de Herrera waphatha imisebenzi.
Ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwalaba bakhi ababili, izingadi zasePicotajo naseDoce Calles, Izingadi Zesiqhingi, i-Jardines de Arriba (eyayiyi-Jardines del Príncipe), njll.; i-Ontígola Reservoir, i-Embocador Canal (manje eyi-Azuda), ukunwetshwa kwe-Aves Canal, i-Distillery kanye nengxenye yoMbhoshongo Amaphrojekthi abalulekile njengokuhamba koMfula i-Huohe aseqediwe.
Ukutholakala kweMelika kwaphawula ushintsho lwenkambo ocwaningweni lwesayensi lwezitshalo lwaseSpain, njengoba izazi zezitshalo zethu ezihamba phambili zeRenaissance zaziwathakasele kakhulu amahlathi atholakala eZweni Elisha kunawodwa. A) Yebo, izazi ezinkulu zale sayensi zazinikela ngokuphelele ekutadisheni izitshalo zamazwe aseMelika, ezinye zazo ezaziyingxenye yohambo olukhulu lwesayensi yezitshalo olwaqhutshwa ngaleso sikhathi (uFrancisco Hernández angabizwa nakanjani ngokuthi iphayona lohambo oluyi-extraordinaire).
Cishe bonke bashiya izincwadi ezibhaliwe ngezinhlobo zezitshalo ezisanda kutholwa, futhi bakwazi ukuthumela eziningi zazo emibhedeni yezimbali ezingadini zasebukhosini ezihlukahlukene ezilungiselelwe umcimbi, njengoba ezase-Aranjuez, kwaba yinjabulo yenkosi, izikhulu nezinduna. Noma kunjalo, i-herbalization yokuqala kanye neqoqo elikhulu lezitshalo, izithelo nembewu kwenzeka phakathi nekhulu le-XNUMX, phakathi nokubusa kukaCarlos III.
izitshalo ezidume kakhulu
Zonke lezi zingadi zineqoqo eliyingqayizivele lezitshalo, hhayi kuphela ngezinhlobo, i-subspecies, inani lezinhlobonhlobo, ubunye noma ukutholakala kwezinye zazo, kodwa nazi ezinye zezibonelo ezinde kakhulu: zidlula amamitha angu-50 ubude, ezinye zezihlahla zokuhlobisa ezihlale isikhathi eside kakhulu eSpain ezifinyelela eminyakeni engama-260. Lezi zinsimu zezithelo eziyigugu ziqukethe izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-400 zezihlahla nezihlahla, ezingu-28 zazo ezihlukaniswa njengezihlahla ezingavamile nguMphakathi waseMadrid.
Phakathi kwezitshalo ezigqamayo sinazo:
Pecan (Carya illinoensis), ahuehuete (Taxodium mucronatum), palm Chilean (Jubaea chilensis), Virginia guayacán (Diospyros virginiana), storax tree (Liquidambar orientalis) kanye ukhova (Platanus orientalis, P. x hisentalis and P. Ezinye izinhlobo zezithakazelo ezivelele yilezi: i-chestnut yehhashi elinezimbali eziphuzi (Aesculus flava), i-chestnut yehhashi elinezimbali ezibomvu (Aesculus pavia), i-hackberry ushukela (Celtis laevigata), i-macassar (Chimonanthus praecox), i-scarlet hawthorn (i-Crataegus pedicelata) , i-St. isihlahla (Dyospyros lotus), Guilandine (Gymnocladus dioica), Virginia tulip tree (Liriodendron tulipifera), Osage orange (Maclura pomifera), magnolia (Magnolia stellata), metasequoia (Metasequoia glyptostrobioides), iron tree (Parrotia toosawunia persica) ), i-Calabrian pine (i-Pinus brutia), i-linden yesiliva (i-Tilia tomentosa), i-zelkova yaseJapane (i-Zelkova serrata), njll.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nezingadi ze-Aranjuez nezici zazo.