I-Versailles Gardens

I-Los I-Versailles Gardens Ziyizivande ezidume kakhulu zaseFrance, hhayi eFrance kuphela, kepha nasemhlabeni wonke. Bahlala endaweni enkulu, futhi bahlobisa isigodlo esinegama labo. Isigodlo esasihlala amakhosi amaningana, futhi esesibonile izitshalo eziningi sitshaliwe selokhu sadalwa, eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-300 eyedlule.

Umlando wayo owokulawulwa kwemvelo ngabantu, kepha futhi kunjalo uphawu oluyinhloko lokuthi ungaba kanjani nensimu egcwele impilo.

Umlando omncane

Umsuka Wezingadi ZaseVersailles ungatholakala ngesikhathi seNkosi uLouis XIII. Ngo-1632 wathenga imihlaba ngaleso sikhathi okwakungekaJean-François de Gondi, kwathi ngemuva nje kokuba nezingadi zokuqala zephiko lasentshonalanga Abalimi ababili abadumile ngaleso sikhathi: UClaude Mollet noHillaire Masson. Kumele ukuthi babemthanda kakhulu, ngoba uhlelo oluyisisekelo lwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngu-1660, lapho ebanweba.

Noma kunjalo, kunemininingwane esesekhona kakhulu. Isibonelo, ama-axes asempumalanga-ntshonalanga nasenyakatho-ningizimu awela kuwo, noma i-oda elibekwe ezitshalweni, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwalezi njengothango

Ngokufika kukaLouis XIV emandleni, waba nemihlangano eminingana noLouis Le Vau, owayengumklami wongqongqoshe wakhe wezezimali (uNicolas Fouquet), umdwebi uCharles Le Brun, kanye nomdwebi wezakhiwo ogama lakhe lingu-André Le Notre. Izithelo zalezo zinkulumo ezingenakubalwa, izingadi zaseVersailles zanwetshwa futhi zenziwa zaba zinhle phakathi nokubusa kwakhe.

Izigaba zokwakhiwa kabusha, kusukela ngo-1662 kuya ku-1709

ULouis XIV wanikela ngengxenye enhle yokubusa kwakhe ekwakhiweni kwezingadi ezizungeze iSigodlo. Eqinisweni, kunguye ukuthi sikweleta ukubukeka abanakho namuhla.

Kepha, njenganoma iyiphi ingadi ebiza usawoti wayo, idlule ezigabeni ezahlukahlukene zokwakhiwa kabusha:

• Unyaka we-1662: Lo nyaka ububekelwe ukunweba imibhede ebivele ikhona, nokwakha ezintsha. I-Orangerie, okuyindawo lapho izihlahla zamawolintshi zingavikeleka khona ebusika, yizinto okufanele zigqanyiswe; kanye neGrotto of Tetis, etholakala enyakatho yeSigodlo futhi ehlobanisa uLouis XIV nemicabango yelanga.
• Iminyaka 1664 kuya ku-1668: kule minyaka kwaqala isigaba sokwakhiwa kwemithombo nokuhlobisa izingadi ezinamahlathi, kanye nezithombe ezihlobene neLanga no-Apollo. Ukwakhiwa kweGran Canal nakho kwaqala ngo-1668 futhi kwaqedwa ngo-1671.
• Iminyaka 1674 kuya ku-1687: Ngaleyo minyaka izivande zasuka ekubeni nesitayela semvelo zaze zaba nezokwakha ngokwengeziwe. Kwakhiwa amachibi anezimo zejometri, i-Orangery yabhidlizwa futhi kwakhiwa isakhiwo esikhudlwana, kwavuselelwa amahlathi amathathu noma adalwa.
• Iminyaka engu-1704 kuya ku-1709: ngemuva kweMpi Yeminyaka Eyisishiyagalolunye kanye neMpi Yokulandelana KweSpain, amanye amahlathi aguqulwa kancane futhi anikezwa amanye amagama ayehlobene neminyaka yokugcina kaLouis XIV.

Iminyaka Yokungaqiniseki (1715 kuya ku-1774)

Kusukela ngo-1715 kuya ku-1722, iNkosi uLouis XV wayengekho nhlobo eGardens yaseVersailles, futhi lapho ebuya akazange afune ukuyinaka kakhulu, ethonywe ngukhokho wakhe, owameluleka ngokuthi angaqali imikhankaso emikhulu yokwakha .

Ukuphela kwento efanele ayenzile ukuqeda ichibi laseNeptune phakathi kuka-1738 no-1741, kanye nokwakha iLe Petit Trianon, etholakala e »Queen's Village». Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, ngo-1774, wadlula emhlabeni.

Ushintsho oluzamile (1774 kuya ku-1791)

Ngokukhuphuka kwe- ULouis XVI esihlalweni sobukhosi saseFrance, iGardens yaseVersailles yazama ukuguqula izinto. Le ndoda befuna ukuguqula ingadi yesitayela saseFrance ibe ngeyesiNgisi; Ngamanye amagama, wenza konke okusemandleni ukuthi kubukeke kuyimvelo, ngaphandle kokushintsha ukubukeka kwale ndawo ngokweqile.

Kungakho izitshalo eziningi ezatshalwa ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaLouis XIV zagawulwa. Yini enye, Izindonga eziphilayo, ezazidinga ukuthenwa njalo, zathathelwa indawo yizihlahla ezinjengezihlahla ze-linden noma izihlahla ze-chestnut ezigcwele.

Kodwa-ke, washeshe wabona ukuthi isimo sendawo asimvumeli ukuba abe nengadi yendabuko yamaNgisi; ngakho-ke ubuyele ekunikezeni isitayela sesiFulentshi, kepha yebo, ususe kuphela lokho ochwepheshe bakhe abemeluleke ukuba akususe. Isibonelo, umsebenzi IGrotte des Bains d'Apollon, Yakhiwa ehlathini lesiNgisi elisalondoloziwe namanje.

I-Revolution futhi kamuva nenkathi kaNapoleon

Unyaka we-1792 wawungunyaka omubi kakhulu eGadini yaseVersailles. Ezinye izihlahla zagawulwa emahlathini, kwathi ezinye izingxenye zeGrand Parc zacekelwa phansi. Ngenhlanhla, lesi simo asibanga sisaba nzima kakhulu sibonga umqondisi wensimu yezitshalo uLouis Claude Marie Richard, obekhuluma nohulumeni ethi imifino ingatshalwa emibhedeni yezimbali, nokuthi ezindaweni ebezishiywe zivulekile izihlahla zezithelo kungatshalwa.

Ngakho-ke sifika esikhathini sikaNapoleon, owayehlala ndawonye noMbusi uMaria Luisa esigodlweni. Ezivandeni, izihlahla eziningi zaqhubeka nokugawulwa, futhi ngenxa yalokho, inhlabathi yakhukhuleka futhi kwakudingeka kutshalwe okusha.

Ukubuyiselwa (1814 kuya ku-1817)

Ngo-1814 ukuvuselelwa kokuqala kwezingadi kwaqala selokhu kwaba nenguquko. Izitshalo ebezimbi zathathelwa indawo, izinkinga imithombo namachibi abengazilungisa,… ngamafuphi, amaGadi aseVersailles kancane kancane abuyisa inkazimulo yawo ngalesi sikhathi.

Isikhathi esisha (1886 - okwamanje)

Ngo-1886 kwafika UPierre de Nolhac njengomqondisi weMuseum of the Gardens of Versailles. Lo muntu wayeyisifundiswa esikhulu, futhi Wanikela ngengxenye enhle yempilo yakhe ekwazini, futhi ekwaziseni ngezincwadi azibhalile, umlando weSigodlo nezingadi zaso. Kepha ngaphezu kwalokho, wabhala ukuthi kufanele zibuyiselwe futhi zigcinwe kanjani.

Lezo zindlela ziyalandelwa njengamanje.

Yiziphi izici zeGardens yaseVersailles?

Izingadi zaseVersailles Banendawo engamahektha angama-800, ahlotshiswe ngezihlahla ezingaba ngu-200.000, kanye nezinye izimbali ezingama-210.000 ezitshalwa unyaka nonyaka.. Lezi zitshalo zisebenzisa isilinganiso samanzi angama-cubic metres angama-3600. Uma ufuna ukuwavakashela, kufanele uye ePeople d'Armes, eVersailles, eFrance.

Yini ongayibona?

Ukubona nokujabulela iGadi yaseVersailles kuyinto engasoze yalibaleka. Ungazibona izitshalo, kusobala, eziningi zazo. Kepha futhi nezinye izinto ezizokwenza uyithande indawo. Ngokwesibonelo:

Idolobhana leNdlovukazi

Umzana weNdlovukazi useLittle Trianon, esigodlweni saseVersailles. Yakhiwa nguMarie Antoinette ngo-1782, owayefuna indawo lapho angabaleka khona enkantolo nemithetho yayo. Wayefisa ukukwazi ukuhola impilo esondele kwimvelo, futhi akwazi ukukhohlwa ukuthi wayeyindlovukazi. Ngakho-ke, Kwakhiwa amaqhugwane ayishumi nambili, ngalinye lawo lalinensimu yalo yezithelo, ingadi yezithelo noma ingadi yezimbali.

Umsele Omkhulu waseVersailles

Njengoba inendawo engamahektha angama-24 namamitha amabili ukujula, iyisiziba esikhulu kunazo zonke eVersailles. Yakhiwa ngu-André Le Notre phakathi kuka-1666 no-1679, futhi kusukela ngo-1979 i-UNESCO yamenyezelwa njengeNdawo Yamagugu Omhlaba, kanye nazo zonke izingadi kanye neSigodlo.

UTrianon Omkhulu

IGreat Trianon, noma i-marble Trianon njengoba yaziwa nangokuthi, yayalelwa ukuthi yakhiwe ngo-1687 ngaphansi kukaLouis XIV. Iqukethe igceke, isigodlo, izingadi namachibi. Ngo-Agasti 20, 1913 kwathiwa iSikhumbuzo Somlando saseFrance.

Ubucabangani ngamaGadi aseVersailles? Wake waba?