Isethi yama-biomes asakazeka kuyo yonke iplanethi ikhiqiza imvelo ekwaziyo ukuxhasa impilo. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamahlathi anezakhi ze-biotic futhi angabamba inani elikhulu lezinhlobonhlobo zemvelo endaweni eyodwa. Phakathi kokuhlukile izinhlobo zamahlathi sinamahlathi apholile, asezindaweni ezishisayo, aqinile, ahlala eluhlaza, amahlathi, phakathi kokunye. Ngamunye wabo unezici ezihlukile ezikwenza kwehluke kwabanye. Amahlathi abaluleke kakhulu ezingeni lamaplanethi ngoba angosinki be-carbon dioxide kanye nokukhiqizwa kwemithombo yemvelo nempilo.

Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela le ndatshana ukukutshela konke odinga ukukwazi ukuthi yizinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamahlathi, izici zawo nokubaluleka anakho.

Izici eziyinhloko

Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokuchaza izinhlobo ezahlukene zamahlathi, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi liyini ihlathi. Kuyisimo sasemhlabeni esiyikhaya lenani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo futhi ezingaba nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezibabazekayo. Kunezinhlobonhlobo zamahlathi ngokuya ngendawo akhiwe ngayo. Kokunye sithola inani elikhulu lezihlahla, amahlathi nezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo. Ungathola futhi izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane nezinye njengama-bacteria kanye nesikhunta.

Uma sihlaziya i-ecosystem kufanele sibone izakhi eziyenzayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sinezici ze-biotic futhi ngakolunye ezine-abiotic. Esokuqala yilezo zinto ezinokuphila. Ziyizinto ezihlangana zodwa futhi zakha uchungechunge lobudlelwano bokuphila phakathi kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Izakhi ze-Abiotic yilezo ezishoda ngempilo futhi zingama-geological agents njengamadwala nomhlaba, amanzi nomoya, phakathi kwabanye. Ngokuya ngezimpawu zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamahlathi singathola ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobonhlobo. Isibonelo, akulona inani elilinganayo lezinto eziphilayo esizolibona ehlathini elibolile njengasehlathini elishisayo.

Uma sigxila kwimvelaphi yezici zehlathi kufanele siye esimweni sezulu. Isimo sezulu yisona sizathu sokunquma ekukhuleni kwezinhlobo zezitshalo nezimila eziqala ukukhula. Kungenxa yohlaza lapho kukhona khona ukukhiqizwa okuyisisekelo ku-ecosystem. Siyakhumbula ukuthi uchungechunge lokudla lunezixhumanisi ezihlukile futhi umthetho ungumkhiqizo oyinhloko. Ngokuya ngesimo sezulu, ububanzi, amahlamvu, ukukhulelwa, ukungenelela komuntu kanye nomthelela wakho kwezemvelo, kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamahlathi. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini:

Izinhlobo zamahlathi ngokwesimo sezulu nobubanzi

Ihlathi lesibungu

Lawa mahlathi aziwa ngegama le-taiga futhi yiwo atholakala engxenyeni esenyakatho yomhlaba. Ziyizindawo ezinezihlahla ezibandayo. Amazinga okushisa imvamisa iba phakathi kwamadigri angama-20 njengobukhulu kanye no -60 degrees okungenani. Ihlathi elibushelelezi lisakazeke ezindaweni eziningi ezithatha ingxenye yamazwe ahlukahlukene amakhulu njenge-Alaska, iNorway, iCanada, iFinland, iSweden neRussia.

Izimila ezivelele kulolu hlobo lwehlathi ikakhulukazi yiGil sibona okuningi. Nakhu esinakho amaphayini, ama-firs nezilwane ezinjenge-elk, amabhere ansundu, i-reindeer, isikhova, i-boreal lynx, i-osprey, phakathi kwabanye.

Ihlathi elipholile

Yilawo mahlathi ahluka ngokuya ngesimo sezulu nobubanzi esikuwo. Esimweni sezulu esipholile yilapho kutholakala khona lolu hlobo lwehlathi futhi kuyizindawo lapho, yize zitholakala kuwo womabili ama-hemispheres, lutholakala kakhulu engxenyeni esenyakatho. Kugqame ukuba namazinga okushisa alinganayo nemvula eningi. Izilwane eziningi ezinkulu zinekhono lokulala ubusika bonke. Ezinye izilwane zifudukela ezindaweni ezifudumele ukuze kutholakale isikhathi sokuzala.

Zibonakala ngokuba nazo inhlabathi ecebile, evundile enesembozo semifino eminyene namazinga aphezulu omswakama. Zonke lezi zimo zezemvelo zithanda ukuthuthukiswa kwe-humus esebenza njengomanyolo ophilayo ekwakhiweni kwezimila nohlaza.

Ihlathi elingaphansi komhlaba

Afudumele ngandlela thile futhi anezinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lama-22 degrees. Ziseduze nezindawo ezishisayo futhi kuzo izimila zivame ukuba zikhulu kakhulu futhi zigqame ngokuba namaqabunga abanzi. Banemvula ephezulu unyaka wonke futhi izinkathi ziphawulwa kakhulu. Siyabona amahlathi kaphayini, amahlathi ahlabayo, amahlathi asezindaweni ezishisayo kanye namahlathi omile asezindaweni ezishisayo.

Ihlathi laseTropical

Ingenye yezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamahlathi ngokobubanzi. Ingatholakala kuwo womabili ama-hemispheres endaweni eshisayo. Ingenye yezindawo ezishisa kakhulu nemvula ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu. Izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lizungeze ama-27 degrees minyaka yonke. Singathola, ngokusho kwezifunda, ezinye izinhlobo ezingaphansi zamahlathi ashisayo:

• Umswakama noma ihlathi elishisayo lemvula. Kuyaziwa nangokuthi yihlathi lemvula
• Ihlathi elishisayo elomile.
• Ihlathi leMonsoon.
• Amaxhaphozi noma amahlathi ezikhukhula
• Imihlume

Izinhlobo zamahlathi ngokusho kwamahlamvu

Lezi zinhlobo zamahlathi zihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo zazo zamaqabunga. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini:

• Ihlathi le-evergreen: Yilezo ezinamaqabunga ahlala eluhlaza futhi yilezo ezigcinwa ngesandla.
• Ihlathi elinqunyiwe: Bangamahlathi agqamile ngokuba nezihlahla ezinamakhaza. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amaqabunga awa ngezinye izikhathi zonyaka bese ehlumela futhi kwezinye.

Izinhlobo zamahlathi ngokusho kohlaza

Ngaphandle kwamaqabunga kungabuye kwahlukaniswe kuye ngezihlahla ezitholakala kula mahlathi:

• Amahlathi eConiferous: Lolu hlobo lwehlathi lutholakala ikakhulukazi endaweni ye-taiga futhi zigqama ngokuba namazinga okushisa aphansi. Izihlahla eziyinhloko ezikhona kulezi zifunda yizihlahla zikaphayini nezimfezi. Zombili lezi zihlahla zingezomndeni we-coniferous futhi zibizwa kanjalo ngoba zikhula zakhiwe ngesigaxa.
• Amahlathi aluhlaza: ziyaziwa ukuthi zinezitshalo eziningi kakhulu futhi eziminyene. Amanye ala mahlathi angamahlathi nezihlahla ezinamaqabunga abanzi kakhulu. Zihlukaniswe ngehlathi elomile, ihlathi le-montane, ihlathi le-montane, ihlathi elinomswakama kanye ne-nimbosilva.
• Ihlathi elixutshiwe: ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezimbili ezedlule.

Ngokwesilinganiso sokungenelela kanye nomthelela womuntu

Futhi singahlukanisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zamahlathi ngokwezinga lokungenelela okubangelwa abantu nomonakalo abawenzayo. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini:

• Amahlathi aphansi: izidalwa ezingabantu azikangeneleli kuzo futhi zingokwemvelo ngokuphelele. Imvamisa kungokwesigaba sezikhala zemvelo ezivikelwe ezisebenza ukonga imvelo.
• Amahlathi e-Anthropogenic: babe nemithelela ehlukahlukene futhi kungenzeka noma kungabi yinto yokufakelwa.

Manje sizobona ukuthi yiziphi lezo ngokuya ngomthelela wezemvelo:

• Amahlathi aphansi: zingokwemvelo ngokuphelele. Lapha umuntu wabantu akangenelanga.
• Amahlathi wesibili: abantu bangenelele ukukhipha imithombo yemvelo. Kamuva babuyiselwa emahlathini.
• Amahlathi okwenziwa: Zenziwe ngumuntu kanti amahlathi ayasebenza kuzo.

Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamahlathi nokuhlukaniswa kwawo.