Enye yezindlela eziphambili kakhulu zokulima emhlabeni zokulima ingadi kwezolimo ukuxhumanisa. Kungukuhlangana phakathi kwezitshalo ezimbili ezihlukene ezixhunyaniswe ngendlela yokuthi ziqhubeke nokukhula njengesitshalo esisodwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele ukhethe ihlumela noma ihlumela elivela kwesinye isitshalo bese usifaka kwesinye. Lokhu kuhloselwe ukusungula inyunyana ehlala njalo. Kuningi izinhlobo ze-graft kuya ngokuhlukahluka nendawo lapho ikhule khona.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ngezinhlobo zokungaqiniseki nezici zazo.
Kwenziwa kanjani ukufakelwa?
Kungukuthi sithatha ihlumela noma ihlumela elivela esitshalweni bese silifaka kwesinye. Isitshalo lapho kungeniswa khona ihlumela sibizwa ngokuthi yi-master plant. Kanye amasosha, ngalinye eyodwa igcina izici zazo zofuzo. Ukuxhunyelelwa kuzokhiqiza izingxenye zasemoyeni zesitshalo esisha, kanti isitoko sinikeza uhlelo lwempande.
Ukufakelwa kwenziwa ngokuqhekeka okwenziwe kuphethini ukuthola ukufakwa ukuze kuhlangane namaseli axhumene nomunye ukuze enze ikholi yokuphulukisa. Ukuhlanganisa lezi zimo ezimbili, kufanele kuhlangatshezwane nezimo ezithile, ezinye zangaphakathi, kuya ngohlobo lwesitshalo ezifakwe kuso (inhlanganisela yezihlobo eziseduze ingcono), kanti enye ingaphandle, kuya ngemvelo lapho zithuthukiswa khona.
Ukuze izitho ezimbili zesitshalo zihlanganiswe unomphela, kufanele kube nokuvumelana kwefomu nokusebenza phakathi kwezicubu ezixhumene. Uma kuzokwakhiwa izicubu eziqhubayo ezivumela ijusi ukuthi ijikeleze kahle, inkosi kanye nokuxhunyelelwa kumele kube nemithambo yegazi enobubanzi obufanayo futhi babe nokwakheka okufanayo. Lokhu kudinga ukuthi izitshalo ezihlanganisiwe zibe nobudlelwano obusondele kakhulu bezakhi zofuzo.
Ukuhlanganiswa phakathi kwezitshalo zohlobo olufanayo kuphephile, empeleni, kuphephile nasezitshalweni zohlobo olufanayo. Ukuxhunyelelwa phakathi kwezitshalo zohlobo olufanayo, kepha kwezinye izimo izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zingatholakala, kepha hhayi kwezinye izimo. Isibonelo, ukuxhumanisa phakathi kwezinhlobo zamawolintshi (amawolintshi, ulamula, njll.) kulula ukukufeza, kepha ukuxhumanisa phakathi kwePrunus kunzima kakhulu (amapheya, izihlahla zama-apula).
Futhi, ukuze ukubopha kwenzeke, kufanele kube nokuxhumana okuseduze phakathi kwezicubu eziphilayo futhi ushintsho ezinhlangothini zombili kufanele luhlangane. Kwesinye isikhathi ngenxa yezimo ezahlukahlukene, ukungahambelani kungenzeka ngemuva kokufakwa ngokuxhunyelelwa, ngakho-ke izidingo zombili kufanele zifane.
Isikhathi sokuxhunyelelwa ngaphandle imvamisa lapho ubisi luqala ukunyakaza lubole. Okungukuthi, Mashi noSepthemba-Okthoba ngokulandelana. Ngokuqondene nezinhlobo ze-graft, ziyahlukahluka, ezitshalweni ezithile noma isikhathi sokufakelwa kabusha, ezinye izindlela zikhetha ezinye.
Izinhlobo ze-graft
Isihlangu siyaphuma
Zenziwe ezitshalweni, i-bullfighter esongelwayo, umpe, isihlahla se-apula, isihlahla sepheya kanye nezitshalo zokuhlobisa. Inenzuzo enkulu njengoba kutholakala amaphesenti wokusebenza okuphezulu. Zenziwe kusukela entwasahlobo isikhathi sekwindla lapho amagxolo ephethini angalindelwa kalula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuthi isihlahla sikhule ngenkuthalo futhi sinamanzi ahamba kahle.
Isiqephu sokuxhunyelelwa
Kunzima kakhulu kunangaphambilini, kepha isetshenziswa ngempumelelo ezinhlamvwini ezinamagxolo awugqinsi njenge-walnut. Isikhathi esihle sokwenza lokhu kusekupheleni kwehlobo noma ekuqaleni kokuwa. Yize kungenziwa entwasahlobo, akusona isikhathi esikahle. Amagxolo ephethini edingekayo angahluthwa kalula futhi isihlahla sisesimweni sokukhula kwemifino ngobisi lugeleza ngokuqhubekayo. Ngenxa yalolu hlobo lokuxhunyelelwa, lungenziwa ngempumelelo kuze kufike emaphethini we-10-sentimitha-ububanzi.
I-Splinter
Lokhu kungenye yezinhlobo zokungaqiniseki okufanele zenziwe entwasahlobo. Kokubili iphethini, okuxhunyelelwayo kukhula okuqhubekayo. Kungenziwa futhi ehlobo, kepha ihlumela ngeke likhule kuze kube yintwasahlobo elandelayo. Imvamisa isetshenziswa kakhulu emithini yamakhiwane nakwezinye i-ficus. Iphinde isetshenziswe kunoma yisiphi isihlahla kwakukhona isihlahlana esinezinkuni ezithambile.
Izinhlobo ze-graft: barbs
Kulezi zimo, kungcono ukuthi iphethini ne-barb babe nobubanzi obulinganayo. Uma ipiki libucayi kunephethini, kufanele libekwe lisuswe eceleni. Ayikwazi ukubekwa maphakathi. Kuvamise ukwenziwa maphakathi nobusika.
Isiphunzi emagatsheni
Kuyindlela ewusizo kakhulu yokuxhunyelelwa emagatsheni aminyene kakhulu. Kulomfana okungcono kakhulu amaphethini angamagatsha angaba ngamasentimitha ayi-3-5 ububanzi. Isikhathi esihle sokuzenza ngasekupheleni kobusika noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Ipiki kufanele lilolwe ohlangothini olulodwa ukuze kube khona i-cambium eningi ngangokunokwenzeka ekuxhumaneni.
Ukuxhunyelelwa kwe-subcortical lateral
Isikhathi sokwenza sekwephuzile ebusika. Ngalesi sikhathi amagxolo ephethini angavezwa kalula. Kumele nje wenze ukusika u-T endaweni ebushelelezi kakhudlwana wegxolo lephethini bese ususa amagxolo. Ipiki lilungiswa ngokulenza ngohlangothi olulodwa kuphela. Isigxobo siqhutshwa ngaphansi kwegxolo eliphakanyisiwe futhi siboshwe kahle. Ekugcineni, ifakwe i-mastic ukuze ikwazi ukufakelwa.
Isigaxa esingaqiniseki se-lateral
Isetshenziswa kaningi kuma-conifers. Isikhathi esivame kakhulu ukwenza lokhu kusebusika. Kufanele ulinde kuze kube ukuthi amaphethini okungenani aneminyaka emithathu ubudala ukuze alungele ngokuphelele. I-barb kufanele ibe ihlumela nge ihlumela lokugcina futhi okungenani linamahlumela ama-3 lateral.
Isikhala esilula
Ingenye yezinhlobo ezinconywe kakhulu zokungaqiniseki lapho iphethini nokukhetha kunobubanzi obufanayo. Iphethini lisikwa ngokusika izihlahla kubude obufunayo futhi kusikwa kwenziwa maphakathi nendawo ngamasentimitha ayi-6 ubude.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nezinhlobo zobuciko obukhona nezimpawu zazo.