Cishe uke wezwa emkhakheni wezolimo kanye nengadi ukuthi izitshalo eziningi zidinga okuningi izinto eziphilayo ukwazi ukukhula ezimeni ezinhle. Izinto ezingokwemvelo yilokho okwakhiwe ngamakhemikhali kuzungeze ikhabhoni nama-athomu alo ayisisekelo. Yakha ungqimba lokuqala lomhlabathi futhi yakhiwa izinsalela zezinto eziphilayo ezibolayo nezinsalela ezinikeza izakhi ezidingekayo ezitshalweni ukuze zikwazi ukuphila.
Kule ndatshana sizokutshela ngezimpawu, izinhlobo nokubaluleka kwento ephilayo.
Izici eziyinhloko
Ungqimba lokuqala olwakha inhlabathi futhi ngokuya ngenani lezinto eziphilayo elinazo, inhlabathi ingaceba noma ngaphansi. Mayelana nokuzala, sikhuluma ngenani lezinto eziphilayo ngokwamandla okuthuthukisa izitshalo ezifuna kakhulu ngokwezakhi zomsoco. Umhlabathi ovundile kakhulu yilowo onobukhona obukhulu bezinto eziphilayo futhi ungenza izitshalo ezithile ezidinga inani elikhulu lezakhamzimba ukuthi zithuthuke.
Udaba olusha olusha Iqukethe izinsalela zezitshalo nemfucuza yasendlini. Izinto eziphilayo zenhlabathi zingumkhiqizo wemijikelezo ehlukahlukene yokuphila yezinto eziphilayo, imizimba yazo ekhipha udoti nezinto ezithile. Lezi zinto zakha izinhlobonhlobo zezinto lapho zibola, ezicebile ngezakhamzimba futhi zilusizo kakhulu kuzinto ezizimele njengezimila.
Ngokuvamile siyabona ukuthi izinto eziphilayo zakhiwe ngama-molecule ahlukene:
- Amaprotheni: amaprotheni ngamaketanga alandelanayo ama-amino acid ahlangana ndawonye ukwakha ama-macromolecule. Onke lawa ma-macromolecule anezici zemvelo lapho isitshalo singenza khona imisebenzi yaso ebalulekile.
- Ama-lipids: Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamafutha zenzelwe ukusiza ukwenza imisebenzi ye-metabolic. Ziyizinqwaba zama-carbohydrate akha ama-molecule we-hydrophobic ne-dense.
- Ushukela: kuphela kuma-carbohydrate noma ama-saccharides akhiqiza izinhlobo zamandla ze-geological eziyisisekelo.
Izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo
Uma sihlukanisa izinto eziphilayo ngokuya ngomthethosisekelo wazo, siyabona ukuthi zakha izinhlobo ezahlukene zenhlabathi. Sizohlaziya ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ezikhona:
- Udaba olusha olusha: Iqukethe izinsalela zezitshalo nodoti wasekhaya okwakamuva. Njengoba kusanda kwenziwa, basenenqwaba yokuqukethwe ushukela namandla amaningi.
- Izinto eziphilayo ezihlukaniswe kancane: isimo sokonakala senzeka njengoba isikhathi sihamba kanti izinsalela ziyaqhubeka nokuvezwa kubanikazi bezemvelo. Lezi zinto ezibolile kancane zinokuqukethwe okubalulekile kwezakhi zomzimba nezakhi zomhlabathi, okwenza kube lula ukwakha umanyolo noma umquba omuhle wekhwalithi.
- Izinto eziphilayo ezibolile: Yileso ebolile isikhathi eside futhi elingenawo umsoco omningi kakhulu kepha liyasiza ukuxhasa ukumuncwa kwamanzi enhlabathini.
Uhlobo ngalunye lwenza umsebenzi obalulekile enhlabathini. Okulandelayo, sizohlaziya ukuthi yikuphi ukubaluleka kwayo.
Ukubaluleka kwezinto eziphilayo
Ubukhona bezinto eziphilayo ezibolayo emhlabathini kutholakale kubaluleke kakhulu. Hhayi kuphela ukuthi ingasetshenziswa njengomanyolo ukuhlinzeka izakhamzimba ezisebenzisekayo nezinto zokwakha zezitshalo, isikhunta, noma ezinye izidalwa zezitshalo, kodwa futhi kungashintsha nezakhiwo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali zenhlabathi. Inhlabathi ivumela ukuthi igcine amanzi amaningi futhi ivimbele ukonakala kwayo ngokwenza njenge i-pH buffer futhi ivimbela ukwehla okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa kuyo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuyadingeka ukuthi izinto eziphilayo ze-heterotrophic, njengabantu uqobo, zikwazi ukugcina imetabolism yethu, ngoba asikwazi ukuhlanganisa izinto esizidingayo njengezitshalo. Ngakho-ke, konke Izinto eziphilayo zeHeterotrophic zondla ezintweni eziphilayo ezivela kwezinye izilwane nezitshalo. Kungashiwo ukuthi into ephilayo iyisisekelo sezakhi ezikuxhaxha lokudla kwazise abakhiqizi bokuqala bayisebenzisa njengomanyolo ukuthola izakhamzimba.
Izibonelo
Uma sikhuluma ngezinto eziphilayo, siyabona ukuthi sicabanga ngomhlaba ojwayelekile omanzi olayishwe umswakama nezinsalela zezinto eziphilayo. Kodwa-ke, kunezibonelo ezahlukahlukene zalokhu. Lezi yizibonelo zezinhlanganisela eziphilayo:
- Usilika owenziwa ngamacimbi ezimvemvane ezithile ngokuluka izinto zamaprotheni.
- I-Benzene namanye ama-hydrocarbon afana no-oyela, okuphuma kuwo kanye negesi yemvelo, phakathi kokunye.
- Ushukela wesakhiwo njengoba unjalo i-cellulose ezitshalweni. Siyazi ukuthi i-cellulose isetshenziswa njengempahla ukuze ikwazi ukwakha isitashi noma ukwakha izithelo ngenkathi yokuzala.
- La ukhuni lwesihlahla Futhi kuyinhlanganisela ephilayo eyenziwe ngohlobo lwe-resin ekhiqizwa kuyo yonke impilo yesitshalo. Izinkuni zakhiwe ngamashidi ahlukahlukene e-cellulose ane-lignin.
- I-Los amathambo ezilwane Abantu abafile futhi bangaba yingxenye yezakhamzimba zenhlabathi njengama-organic compounds.
- Ukuchazwa kwezilwane noma ngabe ziyizilwane ezidla inyama, ezidla utshani obuthakathaka kakhulu noma ezomnivore. Lezi zikhathi zigcina zibolile futhi zinikeze umsoco emhlabathini.
Indaba engafani nokwehluka
Izinto ezingaphili aziwona umkhiqizo wokuziphendulela kwamakhemikhali empilweni, kepha zithobela umqondo wokuheha kwe-ionic namandla adonsela phansi kagesi. Lokhu akusho ukuthi azaziwa ngokuphelele yizidalwa eziphilayo, ngoba eziningi zikhona emizimbeni yazo noma zisetshenziswa njengezingxenye zokudla.
Izinto eziphilayo zakhiwa yizinqubo ezihlobene ne-biology, kuyilapho izinto ezingaphili zakhiwa yizinqubo ze-electromagnetic, ezibizwa ngokuthi izibopho ze-ionic noma izibopho zensimbi.
Ake sibone ukuthi yini umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo nezinto ezingaphili:
- Owokuqala wenziwa izidalwa eziphilayo, kuyilapho okwesibili kwakhiwa ukusabela kwemvelo lapho kungekho khona umuntu ophilayo ongenelelayo.
- Izinto ezingaphili zinezakhi ezahlukahlukene zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, kanti izinto eziphilayo zakhiwe kuphela ngokwamakhemikhali azungeze ama-athomu ekhabhoni.
- Okungajwayelekile kuncike engxenyeni kagesi noma ye-ionic yokubola kwayo, kuyilapho okuphilayo kungagudluka ngokuphelele. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ingaqedwa isenzo sezidalwa noma izindlela zebhayoloji ngokuwohloka okulula, kunciphise zonke izinto zayo eziyisisekelo.
- I-inorganic ayishisi futhi ayishintshi, kuyilapho izibaseli eziyinhloko ezaziwa njengamanje zinomsuka ophilayo, njengoyili.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nodaba lwezinto eziphilayo nezici zalo.