Isithombe - Iphrojekthi yeFlickr / Yamanzi
Ama-diatom yizilwanyana ezincane esingazithola ezilwandle, emaxhaphozini nasemifuleni. Azibonwa ngamehlo, kepha ngenxa yama-microscopes akhethekile kungenzeka ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene. Empeleni, kutholakale ezingu-20.000 XNUMX.
Zonke ziyingxenye ye-phytoplankton, eyenziwe ngochungechunge lwezinto eziphila emanzini ezenza i-photosynthesis. Zibaluleke kakhulu empilweni eMhlabeni, njengoba zikhiqiza ngaphezu kwesigamu somoya-mpilo esiwuphefumulayo, futhi zimunca inani elikhulu lesikhutha (cishe ama-gigaton ayishumi ngonyaka ngokweNational Geographic).
Yini ama-diatoms futhi yiziphi izici zawo?
Izidakamizwa ikakhulukazi ulwelwe oluncane okuyiqembu elikhulu le-Heterokontophyta. Kuyo kukhona ulwelwe olunsundu ne-heterotrophic, njenge umabhebhana. Azinayo i-flagella, ngakho iningi lezinto eziphilayo alikwazi ukuzihambela lodwa; yize kukhona abanye abangakwazi, ngokuthola isivumelwano ngodonga lwabo lweseli.
Imvamisa zenziwa ngeseli elilodwa, yize kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuthi kukhona ezinye ezakha amaketanga amaseli, njengalawo ohlobo lukaFragillaria. Yini enye, unodonga lweseli, olubizwa nge-frustula, oluvikela i-nucleus lwenziwe nge-silica, okungenye yezinto abantu abenza ngazo ingilazi. Isimo sayo siyahlukahluka, kepha ungabona izingxenye ezimbili ezihlukene ezizihlukanisayo.
Ukugwema ukucwila, okwenziwa yizinhlobo eziningi ukulawula i-lipids ezikuyo ngaphakathi kweseli. Yini enye, njengoba bevame ukwakha amaketanga, ingozi yokucwila incane. Futhi hhayi lokho kuphela, kodwa ngaleyo ndlela bangakuthola ukukhanya okwengeziwe futhi, ngayo, benze i-photosynthesis.
Lapho nje idiatom ifa, kungaba ngoba ifinyelele ekugcineni kwempilo yayo noma ngoba ifakiwe, iwela olwandle, lapho iba khona khona. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, njengoba ama-diatom amaningi aya ngokwanda enhlabathini, ama-diatomites nama-moronites akha, okungamadwala asezintabeni.
Kukholakala ukuthi yavela esikhathini seJurassic, cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-200 edlule. Manje, izinsalela ezindala kakhulu ezitholakele zivela ePaleogene, okungukuthi, cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-66 edlule.
Zenzelwe ini?
I-Diatoms yizilwanyana ezincane ezithi Bangasisiza ukuthi sazi ukuthi liyini ikhwalithi yamanzi, noma ukuthi ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuzithinta kanjani izindawo zasemanzini njengolwandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukutadisha kwabo kusivumela ukuthola ukuthi lezi zindawo zishintshe kanjani eminyakeni edlule.
Okunye ukusetshenziswa okungenzeka kungaziwa kangako yilokho kwe- ukukhiqizwa kawoyela. Futhi ngukuthi ama-diatom angama-oleaginous algae, aphelelwe amanzi emzimbeni bese enikezwa uchungechunge lwezindlela zokwelapha ukukhipha zonke izingxenye zawo. Uma sekwenziwe, uwoyela otholwayo usetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza i-biodiesel.
Kodwa futhi ube nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene engadini, ngoba umhlaba we-diatomaceous uyisibulala-zinambuzane esisebenza ngempumelelo esiqeda izinambuzane eziningi ezivame kakhulu, njenge-aphid, spider mites, mealybugs. ngisho namazeze. Lokho ekwenzayo ukubhoboza umzimba walesi sinambuzane, kubangele ukuthi ife sikhathele singenamanzi. Ngokwami ukubona, kusebenza ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi okokugcina akushiyi okusalile.
Futhi, lo mhlaba othakazelisayo we-diatomaceous njengomquba, ngoba ama-diatom aqukethe izakhi zomzimba eziningi, okuyi:
- Ama-Macronutrients: i-nitrogen, i-potassium ne-phosphorus.
- Izakhamzimba zesibili: i-magnesium, isulfure ne-calcium.
- Izakhi zokulandelela: phakathi kokunye, iqukethe ithusi, i-iron, i-boron, i-molybdenum ne-zinc.
Zizalana kanjani?
Ama-diatom akhiqiza ngezindlela ezimbili ezihlukene: ucansi, okungukuthi, ngokuhlukaniswa kwamaseli, naku-a ubulili emva kwezizukulwane eziningana, ukukhiqiza ama-gametes agcina ehlanganisiwe ukwakha izinhlamvu (okuzoba "yimbewu" yalezi zilwelwe).
Lezi zinhlamvu zivikelwe kakhulu ulwelwesi lwe-organic, ngakho-ke zingakhula ngaphandle kobunzima, ngaleyo ndlela ziqale isizukulwane esisha se-diatoms. Vele, kuyadingeka ukwazi ukuthi, njengoba kwenzeka ezitshalweni eziningi ezibhekene nengcindezi yanoma yiluphi uhlobo (ukushisa / ukubanda, ukuntuleka noma izakhamzimba ezingaphezulu, njll), zingasebenzisa namandla azo ekukhiqizeni izinhlamvu, yize lokhu kuzoqhuma kuphela lapho izimo zithuthuka.
Yini indawo yama-diatoms?
Isithombe - Wikimedia / Massimo brizzi
Uhlobo ngalunye lwe-diatom lukhetha indawo yokuhlala eyingqayizivele. Isibonelo, ama-pennada, okuyilawo anezinhlangothi zombili ezilinganayo, sizowathola emanzini ahlanzekile; esikhundleni salokho ama-centric, okuyilawo anokulinganisa okuyi-radial nalabo okusala kunganyakazi, bakhetha ulwandle.
Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukunakekela izilwandle, neplanethi. Hhayi ama-diatom kuphela, kepha nathi uqobo. Khumbula ukuthi bakhiqiza ngaphezu kwama-50% omoya-mpilo esidinga ukuwuphefumula. Kungabonakala kungamanga ukuthi into engavamile ukudlula amamilimitha ama-2 ububanzi ingaba ibaluleke kangako empilweni, kepha ama-studio njengoba iNational Geographic ikubonisa kanjalo.
Futhi noma bengakakwenzi lokho, ngicabanga ukuthi uma sinakekela uMhlaba, sizozinakekela thina. Ngoba yikhaya lethu nokuphela kwalo.