Izitshalo ze-Amazon

ILatin America ingaziqhayisa ngokuba nezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zezinhlobo zezitshalo. Isimo sezulu esisinikeza ukushisa, ukuphakama okuhlukile, futhi nokuthi indawo okuyo ivumela ukuthi kube khona amahlathi abaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni njengalawo ase-Amazon. Eqinisweni, kulinganiselwa ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezingaba yizinkulungwane ezingama-30, kwezinkulungwane eziyikhulu ezikhona kuyo yonke iLatin America.

Kepha zibizwa kanjani izitshalo ze-Amazon? Yebo, njengoba kungenakwenzeka ukukhuluma ngazo zonke, sizokwethula ezinye zezinto ezifuna ukwazi kakhulu futhi / noma ezinhle.

Ukwahlukaniswa kwezimbali ze-Amazon

Ngaphambi kokuqala, kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ukuthi kuya ngendawo, kunezitshalo ezithile noma ezinye. Ngokuya ngobude, umhlaba nesimo sezulu esithile, izimbali zase-Amazonia zihlukaniswa ngale ndlela elandelayo:

• Amahlathi ase-Mainland: phakathi kwezinhlobo ezingamahektare angama-140 kanye nama-280 kugxilwe kuzo, iningi lezihlahla ezinkulu, njenge-mahogany noma i-chestnut evela ePará, evimbela ukukhanya kwelanga okuningi ukuthi kufinyelele phansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezindaweni ezithile kuphela u-5% wokufinyelela okuphelele, okusho ukuthi izitshalo ezincane kakhulu kufanele ziphathe uma zifuna ukusinda.
• Ihlathi lexhaphozi: Zibizwa nangokuthi amahlathi egapós. Lezi zitholakala eduze nemifula, futhi ziyahlaba umxhwele ngoba ngenkathi yezimvula amanzi afinyelela ezihlahleni. Ukuphela konyaka umhlaba uhlala unezikhukhula. Yilapho singabona khona izitshalo ezifana IVictoria amazonica.
• Izimila zeVega: Lesi sifunda silele phakathi kwe-terra firme namaxhaphozi. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ehektheleni ngalinye kunezinhlobo zezitshalo ezingaba yikhulu, njenge ICocos nucifera noma iHevea.

Ziyini izimbali zesifunda sase-Amazon?

Ezinye zalezo ezihlala e-Amazon yilezi:

UChelyocarpus ulei

Lesi isihlahla sesundu esinesiqu esisodwa esizacile - esinobude obungamasentimitha ama-4 kuye kwayi-7 - esihlala entshonalanga ye-Amazon, emthunzini wezinye izitshalo ezinkulu kunaso. Amaqabunga awo abiza i-costapalmate, kepha ahlukaniswe kakhulu, okwenza kube uhlobo oluthakazelisa kakhulu. Ukuphakama kwayo kuyahlukahluka, ukwazi ukukala ubuncane bemitha eli-1 nobude obungamamitha ayi-8.

IGarcinia macrophylla

Ezindaweni zalo ezivela kulo laziwa njenge-cozoiba, ranquillo, noma i-jorco yasendle phakathi kwamanye amagama. Kuyisihlahla esihlala siluhlaza esihlala ehlathini eliphansi (kuze kufike kumamitha angama-400 wobude), nalokho ingafinyelela kumamitha ayi-18 ukuphakama. Amaqabunga makhulu impela, aphakathi kwamasentimitha ayi-15 kuye kwangama-22, amise okweqanda futhi acwebezela. Izimbali zimhlophe noma zinokhilimu, futhi zikhiqiza amajikijolo awolintshi akulungele ukusetshenziswa ngabantu.

IHeliconia episcopalis

Le yizinhlobonhlobo ze-heliconia ezihlala ehlathini elinomswakama lase-Amazon. Kuyinto isitshalo herbaceous ukuthi ifinyelela kumamitha ayi-2 ukuphakama. Amaqabunga aso alula, makhulu, futhi ahlanzekile. Lezi zinemidrib ebonakalayo, njengoba inombala oluhlaza okomhlophe qwa. Izimbali zihlelwe ngama-inflorescence abomvu.

Hevea bentamiana

La UHevea Kungumuthi womdabu wase-Amazon Basin nase-Orinoco lokho ingalinganisa kuze kufike kumamitha angama-45 uma iqhelelene, kepha ehlathini into ejwayelekile ukuthi yeqe amamitha angama-20. Amaqabunga angama-oblong-ovate, amasentimitha ayi-9-12 ubude ngamasentimitha angu-4-5 ububanzi. Ikhiqiza izimbali zesifazane nezimbali zesilisa kwisifanekiso esisodwa, esokuqala sikhulu kunezinye.

I-Psychotria poeppigiana

Kuyinto shrub encane ukuthi zikala phakathi kwamamitha ayi-1,5 kuye kwamabili ukuphakama, odabuka e-Amazon kodwa futhi uyatholakala naseMexico. Ikhula ngamacembe angaba ngamasentimitha angama-24 ubude ngamasentimitha ayi-9,5 ububanzi, futhi alula, aluhlaza ngombala. Izimbali zakhiwa ngama-bracts abomvu - amacembe angamanga - futhi uma sezithole impova zikhiqiza izithelo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma nsomi.

I-Terminalia amazonia

La I-Terminalia amazonia Kungumuthi otholakala cishe kuyo yonke iLatin America, ikakhulukazi emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo. Ukuphakama kwayo okuphezulu kufinyelela kumamitha angama-70, nesiqu sawo sikhula siqonde, sikwazi ukukala kufika kumamitha amathathu ububanzi. Amaqabunga awo aluhlaza okotshani, acwebezelayo, futhi alula, nosayizi ongaba amasentimitha ayi-3 ubude. Iqhakaza ekuqaleni, phakathi kwezinyanga zikaFebhuwari no-Ephreli, bese izithelo zayo zivuthwa ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva.

IVictoria amazonica

La IVictoria amazonica, noma Ukunqoba kwasebukhosini njengoba kubizwa nangokuthi, yisitshalo sasemanzini esintantayo esihlala emfuleni i-Amazon. Amaqabunga awo ayisiyingi futhi alinganiselwa kumitha elilodwa ububanzi. Izimbali zifinyelela kumasentimitha angama-40 ububanzi, futhi zivuleka kusihlwa. Ngaleso sikhathi bazoba mhlophe nabesifazane, kepha ngobusuku obulandelayo bazoba bomvana nabesilisa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lapho zivulwa okokuqala kuphela ukucwaswa (isitho sowesifazane sokuzala) kuvuthwa, yingakho kuba lapho ithola impova; kodwa ngakusasa ama-anthers (isitho sowesilisa) azobe eseqedile ukuvuthwa futhi azokwazi ukukhiqiza impova ezosetshenziselwa ukufaka umanyolo kwezinye izimbali.

Yisiphi kulezi zitshalo ze-Amazon osithande kakhulu?