Ungatshala kanjani amazambane asebhodweni

Amazambane (I-solanum tuberosum) ungowomndeni wakwaSolanaceae, umndeni ofanayo we-botanical utamatisi nama-aubergines, ama-tubers awo asetshenziswa kakhulu futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukudla okutshalwa kakhulu emhlabeni. I-solanum tuberosum igama lebhotani lezambane elivamile, ukudla okuthandwa kakhulu ekhishini, kangangokuthi kukwenza uzibuze ukuthi ungatshala nini futhi kanjani amazambane asebhodweni. Ukutshala amazambane akudingi indawo enkulu eluhlaza, ngoba zingatshalwa ezimbizeni futhi zibe phezu kwethala noma kuvulandi.

Lena enye yemifino ethandwa kakhulu emhlabeni, ikakhulukazi eYurophu naseNyakatho Melika. Zikhula kalula, zingakhula enhlabathini ehlukahlukene, futhi zidinga amanzi amancane.. Lokhu kudla kuqukethe i-phosphorus ne-potassium futhi kugayeka kalula. Zingatshalwa unyaka wonke, okubalulekile ukugwema amazinga okushisa aphansi: azungeze i-zero, izitshalo ziyafa. Ziphuziswa njalo ebusuku.

Izinto zokutshala amazambane asebhodweni

Amazambane awukudla okunempilo okungatshalwa cishe unyaka wonke ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele. Ukutshala amazambane ezitsheni kunciphisa kokubili indawo edingekayo kanye nengozi yezinambuzane nezifo. Njengoba amazambane ekhula ngaphansi komhlaba futhi edinga indawo enkulu, okudingekayo nje ibhodwe elikhulu, eliqinile.

Uma kuziwa ekutshaleni amazambane, kufanele wazi ukuthi yimaphi okufanele uwatshale futhi nini. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamazambane ongakhetha kuzo, kodwa ngokuvamile ahlukaniswa abe amaqembu amahlanu ngokwenkathi yokuvuna: ekuqaleni, entsha, phakathi nenkathi, eyinhloko nasekupheleni. Ukwazi ukuthi amazambane akho ukuliphi iqembu kungakusiza ukuthi ukhethe ukuthi uzowatshala nini futhi uwavune nini.

• Ezokuqala kufanele zitshalwe kakade ngoFebhuwari futhi zivunwe ngoMeyi.
• Ezintsha zitshalwa ngoMashi, emasontweni ambalwa ngemva kwalezo ezingakafiki, futhi zivunwa ngoJuni noma ngoJulayi.
• Eziphakathi nesizini zitshalwa ngo-April futhi zivunwa ngo-August noma September.
• Izinhlobonhlobo eziyinhloko zitshalwa maphakathi nentwasahlobo, cishe ngoMeyi noma ngoJuni, futhi zivunwa ekwindla.
• Izinhlobo eziphuzile zitshalwa ngoJulayi futhi zivunwa ngoNovemba noma ngoZibandlela.

Kubalulekile ukukhetha ibhodwe elikhulu. Isitshalo samazambane sidinga isitsha esinamandla amalitha ayi-10 ukuze sikhule kahle. Uma ibhodwe lilikhulu, isitshalo sikhula kangcono. Qiniseka ukuthi ibhodwe linezimbobo eziningi zokudonsa amanzi. I-tuber yamazambane iyabola uma iyekwa ukuba icwiliswe isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke amanzi kufanele akwazi ukuphuma njalo uma eniselwa. Uma ibhodwe noma isitsha osikhethayo singenayo imigodi, bhoboza izimbobo ezimbili noma ezintathu phansi.

Kuyasiza futhi ukuthi umhlaba ulungiselelwe ukutshala. Izilimo eziyizigaxa zakho zizothola ukwesekwa okunomsoco okunothe ngezinto eziphilayo ezivela engxubeni yezingxenye ezilinganayo zomhlabathi wokubumba kanye umquba. Izandla ezimbalwa zomquba nazo zingangezwa. Umquba, ukudla kwamathambo, ukudla kwezinhlanzi, noma ulwelwe yizibonelo zomanyolo wemvelo.

Indlela yokuhlwanyela kalula amazambane asebhodweni

Vala phansi amabhodwe ngamashadi (izinhlamvu zobumba) noma amatshe amancane. Lezi zinto zisiza ukukhipha amanzi futhi zivimbele ukuthi angahlali emhlabathini isikhathi eside.. Gcwalisa isitsha nge-10-15 cm yenhlabathi elungiselelwe, njenge lokhu. Cindezela kancane ngezandla zakho ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi ihlangene futhi iqine ngokwanele ukuvimbela amazambane ukuthi angacwili njengoba ekhuluphala.

Ebhodweni, beka nezilimo eziyizigaxa. Amahlumela amaningi kufanele abheke phezulu. Shiya isikhala esanele phakathi kwe-tuber ngayinye futhi ugweme ukuhlanganisa ibhodwe. Isiqukathi esingu-30 cm ububanzi kufanele silingane nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezintathu kuphela njengomthetho ojwayelekile. Amasentimitha ayi-10 kuya kwayi-13 enhlabathi kufanele asetshenziselwe ukumboza amazambane. Sebenzisa izandla zakho ukuze ucindezele phansi i-substrate ngokuqinile ngokwanele, kodwa hhayi kanzima kakhulu, ukuze ungawachobozi ama-tubers. Amanzi kancane. Umhlabathi kufanele ube manzi lapho uthintwa, kodwa ungabi manzi.

Indlela yokunakekela amazambane asebhodweni

Kufanele ushiye nezilimo eziyizigaxa endaweni epholile futhi emnyama. Ikhabethe noma igumbi lokugcina endaweni engaphansi lilungile. Wafake ebhokisini lamaqanda noma kwesinye isitsha ukuze uwagcine emile futhi ubuye nsuku zonke ukuze uhlole ukuthi ayahluma yini.

Lapho benza, ungawatshala ebhodweni nge-substrate engadini yasemadolobheni. Amazambane kufanele ahlume kuze kufike ku-2,5 cm ekuqaleni. Okufanelekile, isitsha kufanele sibe ngu-45-60 cm ukushona. Gcina amazambane njalo waphuzisa. Ungakwazi ukuzwa izinga lomswakamo ngokucwilisa umunwe wakho obhuqwini.

• Ehlobo, amazambane akho angase adinge ukuniselwa kabili ngosuku, ikakhulukazi uma uhlala endaweni eshisayo neyomile.
• Ngesikhathi esibandayo, izitshalo eziningi zamazambane zidinga kuphela ama-intshi angu-5-7 emvula ngesonto ukuze zikhule kahle, kodwa uma kunamasonto amade ngaphandle kwemvula endaweni yangakini, kungase kudingeke ukuba ziniselwe mathupha. Ungabeka igeji yemvula eduze nebhodwe ukuze ubone ukuthi izitshalo zithola njalo yini imvula eyanele.

Okokugcina, kufanele ubeke ibhodwe endaweni ethola ilanga noma umthunzi oyingxenye. Amazambane adinga ukukhanya kwelangaKodwa uma bechayeka elangeni eliqondile isikhathi eside, bayahlupheka futhi bangase bafe. Hlola i-pH yenhlabathi ngemitha noma olunye uhlobo lokuhlola. Lokhu kufanele ukwenze phakathi nenkathi, ikakhulukazi uma amaqabunga ephenduka aphuzi noma ebuthakathaka. Lezi zitshalo zikhula kahle enhlabathini ene-pH elinganiselwa ku-6.0. Ngoba:

• Faka umquba owengeziwe noma umquba uma udinga ukwehlisa i-pH.
• Faka i-lime yezolimo uma udinga ukukhulisa i-pH.

Qaphela izimuncagazi. Eziningi zalezi, njengama-leafhopper, zingasuswa ngesandla. Nokho, kwabanye kungase kudingeke ukuba basebenzise isibulala-zinambuzane esiphilayo ukuze bagweme ukuhlasela noma ukubabulala. Hlola izitshalo zakho ukuze uthole izimpawu zesifo. Izifo eziningi, njenge-downy mildew, ziyathathelana, ngakho-ke uma amazambane ekhombisa izimpawu zesifo, kufanele uwasuse ngokushesha kwezinye izitshalo.