Enye yezinto eziphilayo ezivame kakhulu ezikhona eNhlonhlweni Yase-Iberia yi khuhla. Lapho abantu bezwa iqhubu, bacabanga ngesihlahla esisodwa noma isihlahla. Kodwa-ke, uma sibhekisa ehlozini sikhomba kuwo wonke umfudlana wensimu onotshani bawo obuswa izihlahlana nezitshalo zalolu hlobo. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezihlahla kuya ngesimo sezulu kanye nokukhululeka kwendawo ngayinye. Ngayinye inezici zayo eziphambili futhi ingaba yemvelo ngokuphelele noma ithintwe isenzo somuntu.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ngazo zonke izici, izinhlobo nokubaluleka kwesikhuhla.
Izici eziyinhloko
Ngokuya ngohlobo lwe-ecosystem kanye nezici umuntu ngamunye anazo, kuzoba nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokukhuhla. Isimo sezulu singenye yezinto eziguquguqukayo lapho iningi likhona ukwakheka kohlobo oluthile noma olunye lohlaza. Isikhuhla singakwazi zivele ngokwemvelo noma ngenxa yesenzo somuntu. Uma umuntu eguqule indawo noma etshale izinhlobo ezahlukene zezitshalo ezakha ihlozi zingasabalala. Ngendlela efanayo, i-ecosystem ezinzile endaweni ethile ingabona isimo sesikhashana esidala imiphumela ethile ekubeni khona kwesikhuhla. Isibonelo, ungabona umlilo bese ubangela ukuthi isigaba sezimila sinciphe esihlahleni.
Zibonakala kakhulu ngokuba nezihlahla nezihlahlana ikakhulu. Singathola futhi izinhlobo ezahlukene zotshani kanye nezitshalo ze-herbaceous ne-geophytic. Luhlobo lwe-ecosystem yomhlaba efaka insimu noma isikhala semvelo ngalolu hlobo lwezimila ezivelele. Kukhona izitshalo ezichitha izikhathi zazo ezingathandeki ngesimo se-rhizome, i-tuber, isibani esingatholwa kaningi kwisikhuhla.
Izihlahlana zibonakala ngokuba nokuma kwesihlahla kodwa zincane ngosayizi. Azidluli ngamamitha ayi-8 ukuphakama futhi ezikhathini eziningi zincane kakhulu. Ukuba khona kwezihlahlana sekuvele kubonakala ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni nasemapaki futhi siyakwazi ukubona ubukhulu bazo. Isimo sendawo esihlinzekwa yisitshani yileso sekhava yezitshalo ezingeni lomhlabathi. Isimo sendawo singabonakala phansi ngoba alukho uhlobo lwezimila ezinde ngokwanele ukumboza indawo yonke. Izimila ingaba mkhulu noma ngaphansi ngokuya ngohlobo lwezihlahlana ezikhona. Imvamisa zonke izihlahlana ziphansi ukuphakama futhi zingachazwa ukusuka kwenye indawo iye kwenye.
Yilapho sifaka khona uhla lokukhuhla. Indlela ezisatshalaliswa ngayo ibuye ibeke ukwakheka kwemvelo. Ngakho-ke, kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezihlahla ngokuya ngezimpawu eziyinhloko ezivelele kulezi zinhlelo zemvelo.
Izinhlobo zokukhuhla
Sizohlaziya ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokukhuhla ezinezici zazo ezihlukaniswe kahle.
Isikhuhla se-Xerophilous
Njengoba igama likhombisa, luhlobo lwe-ecosystem olutholakala ezimeni ezomile kunezinye. Yizihlahla lokho Atholakala ezindaweni ezomile ezinemvula ephansi namazinga okushisa aphezulu njalo unyaka wonke. Uma sikhuluma ngalolu hlobo lokukhuhla sithambisa inguquko yezingwadule ngoba zivame ukuba nobusuku obupholile nezinsuku ezishisayo. Ukungabikho kwemvula kungahlala izinyanga ezimbalwa ngisho neminyaka. Konke kuncike endaweni lapho ukweqisa kutholakala khona ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Izihlahlana ezivelele zalemvelo banekhono lokuzivumelanisa nezimo zesomiso. Ngalesi sizathu, kujwayelekile ukuthola uhlaza olunameva njenge-cacti nezihlahlana eziphansi. Singabona ezinye zezinto eziphilayo zakudala ezinamadlelo angama-semi-desert lapho kutholakala khona utshani obuncane noma bungekho nhlobo. Izihlahlana ze-Xerophilous ezindaweni ezomile nezomile ezindaweni zonke zomhlaba ziyanqamula ezindaweni ezinjenge-Andes eseNingizimu Melika, amaphuzu amaningi esifundeni saseMedithera nakwezinye izindawo ezizungeze ugwadule iSahara.
Isikhuhla saseMedithera
Lolu hlobo lokukhuhla lwaziwa futhi ngegama le- izihlahla, ama-heaths noma i-chaparral. Lezi zinhlelo zemvelo zitholakala ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu saseMedithera noma ezifanayo. Basakazeka ezindaweni ezinjengeCalifornia, iChile noma i-Australia, phakathi kokunye. Izimila lapha futhi zivumelane nokumelana nehlobo elishisayo elingenamvula encane. Izitshalo zakho ziyakwazi ukugcina amanzi zisebenzisa amasu ahlukene. Ezinye izihlahlana ziphakeme futhi zinamachashazi azungeze isikhala.
Lapha ungathola ezinye izitshalo ezinamakha njenge umshanelo, i-thyme noma i-chamomile.
Paramo
AmaPáramos ayizihlahlana zezintaba ezikhula ezindaweni eziphakeme. Ezifundeni ezishisayo iMelika, i-Afrika neNew Guinea abantu basakazeka kakhulu. Zikhula ngaphezu kwehlathi le-montane futhi zinwebeke zize zifinyelele ezindaweni lapho kuneqhwa khona njalo. La ma-moor angatholakala ku- ukuphakama kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-5000 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Okubaluleke kakhulu yi-Andes.
Ngokungafani nezihlahlana esike sazihlaziya phambilini, zibonakala ngokuba yizindawo ezinomswakama omkhulu. Esikhathini esiningi sonyaka bagcina amazinga aphezulu omswakama futhi ikakhulukazi banesimo sezulu esibandayo. Izinhlobo ezinjenge-asteraceae, ama-orchid kanye notshani kungatholakala.
Khuhla izilwane
Njengoba kulindelwe, kukhona nezilwane ezihambisana nalezi zimvelo. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zezihlahla nazo ziveza izinhlobo ezahlukene zezilwane. Sizohlaziya izilwane zezihlahla ngendlela efingqiwe:
- Izilwane zama-moor: Ziyimvelo enezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zezilwane lapho singathola khona izilwane ezincelisayo ezinkulu nezinye ezinosayizi omncane. Phakathi kwezinyoni, umzwilili, idada nekhondomu kuyabonakala. Phakathi kwezilwane ezincelisayo ibhere livelele, ipuma namuhla inyamazane.
- Izilwane ze-Xerophilous scrub: nazi nenani elikhulu lezilwane ezinjengezinambuzane ezihuquzelayo. Singathola izinyoka, ama-iguana, ofezela, izibankwa nezinyosi. Ngokuqondene nezinyoni, sithola i-roadrunner, i-woodpecker yasogwadule nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo ezifana namalulwane namagundane e-kangaroo.
- Izilwane zasolwandle zaseMedithera: ekugcineni, sithola izilwane ikakhulu ezinezilwane ezincelisayo njengezimpungushe, izimbuzi zasentabeni, onogwaja nezinyamazane. Izinyoni ezidla inyama njengokhozi lwasebukhosini base-Iberia zitholakala kaningi kulezi zinhlelo zezinto eziphilayo.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana ne-scrub nezimpawu zayo eziyinhloko.