Kuyo yonke inhlonhlo yethu kukhula uhlobo lwamakhowe oluthanda ukudideka kakhulu nolunye olunobuthi. Imayelana ne- Macrolepiotes. Angamakhowe avame ukudideka nama-lepiotes futhi kunabantu abaningi abahamba phakathi kwamadlelo namahlathi ethu futhi bangama-novice amateurs afunda ukuphawula nezithombe zamanethiwekhi futhi aqoqe izibonelo ezingafanele. Kufanele wazi ukuthi ungazibona kanjani izici ukuze uhlukanise phakathi kwazo.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela le ndatshana ukukutshela zonke izici ne-biology yamaMacrolepiotes.
Izici eziyinhloko
Ama-Macrolepiotes ajwayelekile kakhulu esingawathola ezimfundeni nasemahlathini yilawa: Macrolepiota procera, Macrolepiota rhacodes, Macrolepiota excoriata neMacrolepiota mastoidea. Sizocubungula izici zomunye nomunye wabo.
I-Macrolepiota procera
Yikhowe elinayo isigqoko esikhulu esifinyelela ku-25 amayintshi ububanzi. Lapho i-specimen isencane inokubukeka okuyindilinga, kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, njengoba ikhula, iba yi-convex. Ekugcineni, ebudaleni iba isicaba ngesifuba esiphakathi esibonakalayo. Ine-cuticle eyomile futhi imbozwe esikalini esikhulu esinsundu esimnyama esinemvelaphi ye-beige noma emhlophe.
Inezinhlamvu eziningi impela futhi ziqinile phakathi kwazo futhi zibanzi impela. Banombala omhlophe lapho bebancane futhi be-beige lapho beguga. Ngokuqondene nonyawo, lude, luyindilinga futhi lubanzi ezansi. Iphela ngebhalbhu enkulu egqitshwe uhhafu. Unyawo olunemicu emincane ngombala onsundu okhanyayo okuthi, lapho lukhula ngaphezulu, ludabule umhlaba bese lwakha amaphethini e-zigzag ngemuva okukhanyayo. Inendandatho ephakeme ephindwe kabili ehambayo uma ivuthiwe futhi imhlophe ngenhla futhi ngezansi nsundu.
Ekugcineni, inyama yayo mncane, incane futhi imhlophe ngombala. Inokuthungwa komlenze wesigqoko kepha inemicu onyaweni. Ukunambitheka kwayo nephunga kuyathandeka. Leli khowe litholakala ngesikhathi sokuwa nangesikhathi sentwasahlobo ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene. Izindawo ezivame kakhulu ukuthola i- I-Macrolepiota procera emaphethelweni emigwaqo, amadlelo, ama-chestnut groves, ama-pine groves, imisele kanye nama-oki e-cork. Kubhekwa njengokudla okuhle kakhulu, ikakhulukazi izigqoko ezinamakhophi ezingakavulwa ngokugcwele.
Kuyikhowe eliningi kakhulu futhi eliyigugu ezindaweni eziningi ezisenhlonhlweni. Ingabonakala kalula ngosayizi wayo omkhulu nephethini yesici sonyawo.
Macrolepiota rhacode
Luhlobo lwamakhowe olunesigqoko esindilizayo noma esiyindilinga lapho lusemncane futhi luba yisicefe njengoba lukhula, ekugcineni lusakazeke lube mdala. Imvamisa kuyisigqoko esingenayo imammon, ngokungafani nesibonelo esichazwe ngenhla. Kusho isigqoko imvamisa ilinganisa ububanzi obungamasentimitha amahlanu kuya kwayi-5. Ubuso bumbozwe ngomphunga ompunga ngezikali ezinsundu ezinkulu. Okugqame ngenyama ye Macrolepiota rhacode ukuthi imhlophe kepha ibomvu lapho iqhekeka. Kuliqiniso elibalulekile okufanele ulicabangele ukwazi ukuthi ungahlukanisa kanjani izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
Inamakhasi amhlophe, angalingani futhi amahhala ngokungafani nesibonelo sangaphambilini. Zingamashidi anamabala abomvu uma ehlikihlwa. Ngokuqondene nonyawo, luhlobo oluhlanganisiwe futhi linombala ochery ompunga oqonde umbala okhanyayo. Iringi iyasuswa futhi isisekelo sayo sikhulu. Ingatholakala kokubili ehlobo nasekwindla emahlathini aconsayo nangamaqabunga. Kubhekwa njengekhwalithi efanayo ne- I-Macrolepiota procera maqondana nokuhleleka. Noma kunjalo, ingadideka kalula namanye ama-lepiotes futhi inyama yawo ibuye ibe bomvu kepha ingadala ubuthi obuncane. Elinye lamakhowe lapho edideka kakhulu ngalo I-Macrolepiota venenata. Lesi sigqoko sinendawo emaphakathi ensundu, ebushelelezi futhi ebanzi impela enomklamo omise okwenkanyezi. Imvamisa zivela ezindaweni ezinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezinto eziphilayo.
I-Macrolepiota excoriata
Kungenye yezinhlobo ezingokomndeni. Inesigqoko esivalwa ekuqaleni, kepha siphenduka sisuka kuyindilinga siye kwi-convex njengoba sikhula. Ekugcineni, iba isicaba futhi ihlukaniswe ngokuba nemammon encane. Ine ubukhulu obuphakathi kwamasentimitha amane no-4 ububanzi futhi ine-cuticle embozwe izikali ezincane eziseceleni. Iphendukiswa enkanyezini isuka imajini futhi umbala wayo ukhilimu noma i-hazelnut enesizinda esimhlophe. Amacembe maningi, maningi futhi asondelene. Zibonakala ngokubukeka okuncane futhi nombala omhlophe ojika ube yi-beige njengoba zikhula.
Ngokuqondene nonyawo, luyi-cylindrical futhi lincane. Isisekelo senziwe nge-volva, ngokuthungwa okubushelelezi nombala phakathi kokumhlophe ne-beige. Ineringi elula kepha ephikelelayo. Inyama yayo mncane futhi ithambile esigqokweni kepha inolwanyane olungezinyawo. Inombala omhlophe futhi inokunambitheka okumnandi nephunga elimnandi. Lezi zinhlobo zingatholakala ekwindla nasentwasahlobo kwezinye izindawo ezifana nezindawo ezinotshani nezimfunda. Kubhekwa njengokudla okuhle, ikakhulukazi izigqoko zezinhlobo ezingakavulwa nhlobo. Cishe kuwo wonke amaMacrolepiotes lokhu kuyenzeka.
I-Mastoid macrolepiota
Inesigqoko sobukhulu obumaphakathi, esifinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-14 ububanzi. Lapho isencane inesigaxa noma isimo sebhaluni futhi, njengoba ikhula, iba ukwakheka kwensimbi enwetshiwe. Ekugcineni, inganwetshwa futhi ihlale igcina imammon ekhonjiwe. I-cuticle yayo inombala kakhilimu ojika ube nsundu lapho isikhulile. Ingahlukaniswa nezikali ezimnyama ezisatshalaliswa ngokungahleliwe. Imammon ingahlukaniswa nenyama kalula. Amacembe alo ngokusobala akhululekile futhi anokubukeka okuthambile. Zixinene kakhulu phakathi kwazo futhi zinombala omhlophe oguqukela kuphela kokhilimu ngama-lamella.
Ngokuqondene nonyawo, luhlobo oluphakathi futhi lunokuma okuyindilinga. Luhlobo lwenyawo olungenalutho nolunemicu. Ubude bayo ngamasentimitha ayi-18 nobukhulu besentimitha elilodwa ububanzi. Umbala wonyawo umhlophe futhi ekugcineni umbozwe uhlobo oluthile lomuzwa okhanyayo kakhilimu ongabonakala kakhulu engxenyeni yalo engenhla. Inyama yayo ibuye ibe mhlophe ngombala ngekhatoni elijiyile nelithambile. Iphunga layo liyi-fungal kepha linokunambitheka okumnandi futhi okumnandi kakhulu.
Lezi zinhlobo zingatholakala kunoma iyiphi indawo yokuhlala njengokuhlanzwa emahlathini azo zonke izinhlobo, imigwaqo engasemigwaqweni noma ezindaweni ezinotshani. Zitholakala ekwindla futhi singazibona zombili ngazodwana nasemaqenjini amancane. Kubhekwa njengokudla okuhle kodwa inyama iyindlala kancane.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngamaMacrolepiotes.