Kunenkolelo eqinile yokuthi amasundu ayizihlahla. Ibinzana elibhalwe ezincwadini, kuma-blogs kanye nama-encyclopedia. Kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi Zimbili izinhlobo zezitshalo ezihluke kakhulu., futhi. Akufani nokuqhathanisa i-pine ne-maple: eyokuqala i-conifer, futhi yokugcina isihlahla se-broadleaf, yebo, kodwa banokhokho oyedwa kanye nendlela yokuphila efanayo, ngakho bobabili bayizihlahla. Izihlahla zesundu zingenye indaba.
Kodwa, uyini umehluko phakathi kwabo? Yini okufanele siyibheke ukuze sibone ukuthi isitshalo siyisihlahla noma isundu? Okulandelayo ngizokuchazela ukuthi kungani amasundu engezona izihlahla.
Ziyizitshalo ze-monocotyledonous
Isithombe – Wikimedia/RickP
Njengotshani, nakuba izihlahla zesundu ziyi-megaforbias (utshani obukhulu). Lapho imbewu iqhuma, kuhluma i-cotyledon eyodwa (iqabunga lokuqala), elisikhumbuza kakhulu utshani botshani njengesibonelo.. Leli pheshana lingahlukaniswa libe amapheshana amabili, njengoba kunjalo nge-Wodyeta isibonelo, kodwa ngokuvamile lilula, njengalelo lasePhoenix noma i-Washingtonia.
Manje, ukuba isitshalo se-monocotyledonous kungaphezu kwalokho, njengoba uzokwazi ukubona manje.
Baphindaphinda ngembewu kuphela
Indlela yokusika isetshenziswa kakhulu ekusakazeni izihlahla, kodwa ezihlahleni zesundu kunzima ukuyilungisa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, bambalwa kakhulu abathuthukisa iziqu eziningana, njenge UChamerops uyazithoba, IPhoenix dactylifera, I-Cyrtostachys renda o Nannorhops ritchiana; kolunye, lezi zitshalo azinayo i-cambium noma i-meristem yesibili. Futhi ngaphandle kwale meristem, eyakhiwe ngamaseli e-meristematic, angeke kube khona ukukhula.
Eqinisweni, ukwakheka kwayo kune-fibrous, futhi akunapulangwe. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, isiqu sawo akusona isiqu sangempela, ngoba nawo awathuthuki izindandatho zokukhula, kodwa lokhu kwaziwa ngegama le-stipe. Uma sifuna ukuzala kabusha isihlahla sesundu ngokwesini, kuzodingeka sihlukanise ama-suckers - uma kwenzeka sikhula- ngezimpande.
Zikhula ngobude, hhayi ububanzi
Isithombe - Wikimedia / Forest & Kim Starr
Izihlahla zesundu, njengamanye amakhambi, zingakhula zibe zide kuphela. Lokhu benza lokhu ngenxa ye-terminal meristem evikelwe kuhlu lwamatheminali. Ngakho-ke, esingakudida ngamagxolo e-stipe yizinsalela zamaqabunga ebezilokhu zoma.
Futhi akukhona lokho kuphela, lapho, ngokwesibonelo, zigcinwa ezimbizeni ezincane isikhathi eside futhi ngemva kweminyaka embalwa zitshalwe emhlabathini, njengoba zikhula, kuzobonakala ukuthi isiqu noma isiqu samanga sinokuncane okuphawulekayo. ekuphakameni okuthile.
Izihlahla zesundu azivuthuluki
Ezinhlotsheni zesundu ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezintathu eziye zachazwa, akukho neyodwa elahlekelwa amaqabunga ayo (okungenani, hhayi ngenxa yesimo sezulu). Njengazo zonke izitshalo, ziyalahleka njengoba lawo maqabunga eguga futhi omile, kodwa akukho okunye. Abalingiswa bethu bahlale bedinga ukuba nenani elincane lamaqabunga unyaka wonke ukuze bakhule futhi benze i-photosynthesis.
Ngisho noma kwenzeka kuba nomlilo noma ukuhlasela kwezinambuzane ezinkulu, futhi inqobo nje uma i-apex (noma inkomba yokukhula) ingakabonakali, amasha azohluma ngokushesha.
Amaqabunga ayizinhlobo ezintathu
Amaqabunga esihlahla angaba izinhlobo eziningi: i-lanceolate, i-obovate, i-elliptical, i-paripinnate, i-bipinnate,... Kodwa lezo zesundu zinezintathu kuphela: i-pinnate, i-costapalmate ne-palmate.
- amaqabunga ama-pinnate: akhiwa ama-pinnae noma amapheshana ahluma ngokuqondile ku-rachis, okuyisiqu esihlanganisa nesiqu samanga. Izibonelo: Phoenix, Roystonea, Cyrtostachys, Butia, Syagrus.
- amaqabunga esundu: yizo ezimise okwefeni, njengalezo zaseWashingtonia.
- Amaqabunga e-costapalmate: ayindilinga noma amise okweqanda, ahlukaniswe amasegimenti amaningi avame "ukulenga", njengoba kwenzeka ngezinhlobo ze-Sabal.
Izimbali zezihlahla zesundu ziqoqwe ngama-inflorescences njalo
Sonke siye sabona izihlahla eziqhakaza ngesinye isikhathi: eziningi zazo ziwubukhazikhazi, izingxenye zazo zihluke kahle. Kodwa lezo zesundu zihlukile: ahlala ebonakala eqoqwe ngama-inflorescence, futhi kwesinye isikhathi lawa magatsha. Ama-florets mancane kakhulu, isentimitha elilodwa ububanzi noma ngaphansi, futhi ngokuvamile anombala okhanyayo (ophuzi, ukhilimu; akuvamile ukuba abe pink noma abomvu).
Hhayi lokho kuphela: kunezinhlobo ezithile eziqhakaza kanye kuphela empilweni yazo, njenge- Hyphaene thebaica noma i I-Tahini spectabilis. Lezi yizitshalo ze-monocarpic. Futhi cha, asikho isihlahla leso.
Izimpande zayo ziyavela
Izimpande ze-Adventitious yilezo ezihluma zisuka endaweni eyodwa, futhi zonke zinokulingana nobude obufanayo.. Kulabo abanezihlahla zesundu, baqala kanjena, kodwa bese kuba nezinye ezingaba emoyeni. Ngokwesibonelo, zingawakhiqiza ukuze athuthukise ukubambelela kwawo phansi, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi asendaweni lapho umoya uvunguza khona ngamandla, noma ngenxa yokuthi akhulela eduze nemisele yamanzi.
Zijula kangakanani? Kuya ngezinhlobo nokuthi uhlala kuphi, kodwa bangafinyelela kumamitha ayi-15 uma umhlabathi uthambile futhi isifanekiso singumuntu omdala. Kodwa ngokuphambene nalokho okungase kubonakale, awanawo amandla okugqekeza ama-pavement. Lokhu kuyinto engaqinisekiswa kalula ngokubheka isihlahla sesundu esikhule phezu kwetiyela: uma sesiphelelwe indawo, ukukhula kwaso kuzoma, futhi uma sinokufinyelela mahhala ohlangothini olulodwa, sizokhula sibheke kulolo hlangothi.
Iqiniso elilodwa lokugcina: izihlahla zesundu zavela kamuva kakhulu kunezihlahla
Nakuba kungewona umehluko obonakalayo, kuyathakazelisa ukwazi ukuthi izihlahla zesundu ziyizitshalo "zesimanje". Empeleni, yavela cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-140 edlule; Kunalokho, kuyaziwa ukuthi amadlozi Ginkgo biloba, okungesinye sezihlahla ezindala kakhulu, kakade zase zikhona eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-300 edlule.
Lapho kuvela uhlobo “olusha” lwesitshalo, kuvamile ukuthi uhlobo olusha olufanayo luqale ukuvela ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho., njengoba bedla ezinye izingxenye zensimu, futhi eminyakeni engaba ngaphezu kwezigidi eziyikhulu kamuva. Izimo zezulu nomhlaba ziyashintsha, kancane kancane, kancane noma ngokushesha, kodwa ziyashintsha. Uma lokho kwenzeka, izitshalo kufanele zizivumelanise ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka uma zifuna ukuphila.
Futhi kukho konke lokhu, izihlahla zesundu azikwazi ukubhekwa njengezihlahla.