Izitshalo ezidla inyama zifuna ukwazi kakhulu: zibukeka njengezitshalo ezijwayelekile, ezingenabungozi ngokuphelele, kepha empeleni ziyasinda ngenxa yezakhamzimba ezizithola emizimbeni yezisulu zazo. Ngalesi sizathu, uma kukhulunywa ngokutshala, akufanele bavundiswe, ngoba abalungele ukondliwa ngqo futhi, empeleni, umanyolo ungashisa izimpande.
Izinga lokukhula liyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo olulodwa kuye kolunye. Isibonelo, i-sarracenia iyashesha, kanti amaCephalotus ahamba kancane. Noma kunjalo, Kungani kunezitshalo ezidla inyama?
Abadla inyama thola izakhamzimba ezimbalwa kakhulu emhlabathini ezihlala kuwoYingakho bakha izinhlobo ezahlukene zezicupho ezibamba ikakhulu izinambuzane, yize zizinhlobo ezithile, njenge INepenthes attenboroughii, sekutholakele amagundane aminzile.
Lezi zinqubo zafundwa okokuqala nguCharles Darwin, owashicilela incwadi yokuqala ngale ndaba ngo-1875. Kodwa manje siyazi ukuthi yize uhlu lozalo lwahlukaniswa eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-100 edlule, zonke zakha izindlela ezifanayo zokugaya inyamazane eziyibambile.
Lokhu kusho into eyodwa kuphela: ukuthi yize behlala eMelika, e-Asia noma e-Australia, bayizitshalo ezitholile isisombululo esifanayo sokudla inyama: izakhi zofuzo kanye namaprotheni athile ngaphambili ebikunikeza ukuzivikela kumagciwane amancane abanga izifo, ibanikeza umsebenzi omusha, wokugaya izidumbu zezisulu zabo. Futhi bakwenza kanjani?
Izitshalo ezidla inyama zibamba futhi zigaye kanjani isisulu sazo?
Uhlobo ngalunye lwesitshalo esidla inyama lukhiqiza isicupho salo: ezinye zine-mucilage emaqabungeni azo, okuyinto enamanzi enamathela kakhulu ezinambuzaneni ezincane; abanye banamajeke agcwele uketshezi nohlobo lwezinwele ngaphakathi (engxenyeni engaphandle kakhulu) ekhomba phansi; abanye kunalokho banezicupho ngesimo sezitsha ezinezigqoko ezincane. Kepha okujwayelekile kuzo yiphunga abalikhiphayo futhi okutholakala kuphela ezinambuzaneni, ukuthi bakhangwa kakhulu nokuthi bagcina bekhohliswa yizilwane ezidla inyama, futhi bavame ukubanjwa emihlathini yabo.
Lapho lesi sinambuzane sifinyelela ku-a, kungaba ngomlomo we I-Venus flytrap (UDionaea muscipula), esicupheni sohlobo lwembiza se-sarracenia noma I-Heliamphora, noma ku-mucilage wamaqabunga esundew ethile ngokwesibonelo, ukugaya kuyaqala: izindlala zezitshalo ziqala ukukhipha ama-enzyme wokugaya ukudla ukuthi lokho ezikwenzayo, okokuqala, kudiliza umzimba wesilwane, bese sikumunca kuze kube sekupheleni kuhlala kuphela i-exoskeleton.
Kunjani ukudla kwezitshalo ezidla inyama?
Izitshalo ezimnandi Ziphila ngokudla omiyane, izimpukane, izintuthwane nezicabucabu. Ngokuya ngosayizi wesicupho kwesinye isikhathi kungenzeka ukuthi kutholakale amagundane amancane, kepha lokhu akujwayelekile. Futhi, kufanele wazi ukuthi uhlobo ngalunye lunezintandokazi zalo.
Isibonelo, uma ngibheka okwami, ngingakutshela ukuthi i-sarracenia ijwayele ukondla kakhulu izinambuzane ezindizayo njengezimpukane ngisho nezinyosi noma iminyovu; UDionaea uthanda izimpukane; kanye ne- imisebe yelanga namaPinguicula, omiyane namabhu.
Akufanele zifakwe kumquba noma kumanyolo. Okungenani, isinambuzane esiphilayo futhi esingazange selashwe ngesibulali zinambuzane, kanye ngesonto noma njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-15. Kepha uma ikhulele ngaphandle, akudingekile ukuthi ukhathazeke ngalokhu ngoba bazozingela inyamazane yabo bodwa.
Enye into okungafanele yenziwe ukuwatshala ezingxenyeni ezivundile. Uma sifuna ukuthi zihlale iminyaka embalwa, kuyadingeka ukuthi kusetshenziswe iziqephu ezithile zezitshalo ezidla inyama (ziyathengiswa lapha), noma ukuthi senza le ngxube: i-peat blond ne-perlite (iyathengiswa laphaizingxenye ezilinganayo. Ezinye izinketho yi-sphagnum moss (iyathengiswa lapha) nge-30% perlite, noma i-peat blond enesihlabathi se-quartz esingu-50%.
Ngakho-ke, njengoba ubona, izitshalo ezidla inyama zinjengoba zinjalo namuhla ngoba yileyondlela ezijwayele ngayo imvelo lapho zingatholi khona zonke izakhamzimba ezizidingayo ukuze ziphile.