Ama-artichokes yimifino yasebusika ezindaweni ezipholile ezidinga ukubanda ukuze ziqhakaze futhi zithuthuke. Yini ekhethekile ngale mifino? Ukuthi sidla izimbali zayo, hhayi izimpande noma amaqabunga. Iqhakaza kusukela phakathi nekwindla kuya phakathi nentwasahlobo. Isifunda saseMedithera sigxile ku-90% wokukhiqizwa komhlaba wonke. I-artichokes ithatha indawo enkulu, futhi uma ungenayo ingadi eningi, kufanelekile ukuyitshala emibhedeni yezimbali ehlala njalo noma ezimbizeni ezinkulu. Ama-artichokes angadliwa ezitshudeni eziningi: ezishisiwe, ezigazingiwe, ezibilisiwe, ezinongwe noma ezithosiwe, zigezwe ngengxube yamafutha, uviniga, u-garlic kanye neparsley. Into engaziwa wonke umuntu lapho i-artichoke itshalwa.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukukutshela ukuthi i-artichoke itshalwe nini, ukuthi kufanele ukwenze kanjani nokuthi yiziphi izici okufanele uzicabangele.
Izici eziyinhloko
Ngaphambi kokwazi ukuthi i-artichokes itshalwe nini, sizokwazi okwengeziwe ngayo. Enye yezingxenye ezinhle ze-artichokes ukuthi singazilungiselela ukudla cishe nganoma iyiphi indlela: kubilisiwe, kugaywe, kugosiwe, ohlangothini lwe-tortilla, ecubuziwe, ehlanzekile, ne-garlic noma imane eluhlaza esaladini. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yikuphi, cishe uzokujabulela ukudla le mifino enezimbali. Ngaphezu kwalokhu okungenhla, ama-artichokes ayisitshalo esihle kakhulu esingasengeza engadini noma engadini yakho.
Lapho zivunyelwa ukuba zivuthwe futhi ziqhakaze, izimbali zibabomvu ngokumangalisayo. Njengemifino emihle, singathola izici ezinhle kuma-artichokes. Phakathi kwabo, sigqamisa amaphuzu alandelayo:
- I-diuretic, i-toning kanye nezakhiwo ezivuselelayo.
- Ziyi-choleretic, depurative kanye ne-antianemic.
- Aqukethe amavithamini A, B1, B2, C no-PP.
- Futhi aqukethe amaminerali afana ne-calcium, i-phosphorus, insimbi, i-magnesium ne-sodium.
Atshalwa nini ama-artichokes?
Ama-artichokes adinga isimo sezulu esipholile, ohlangothini olupholile. Nokho, azikubekezeleli kahle isithwathwa, futhi azikubekezeleli izinsuku zokushisa ngokweqile. Kuhle ukuqala ukutshala ama-artichokes ngoMashi no-Ephreli. Izifunda ezifana neMedithera ebusika, entwasahlobo nasekwindla ngokuvamile zifanelekile kule mifino. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, sizotshala ama-artichokes phakathi nezinyanga ezakha intwasahlobo, ikwindla nobusika. Ngakho phakathi kuka-April no-May.
Ama-artichokes adinga ukukhanya kwelanga, njengemifino eminingi. Kodwa hhayi kakhulu. Cishe amahora angama-5-6 ngosuku anganele. Ngisho nangezinsuku ezishisayo zasehlobo, kumnandi ukuzitshala endaweni lapho zingaba nomthunzi khona usuku lonke.
Uzodinga isikhala njengoba ama-artichokes esakaza ububanzi obuningi (azungeze i-1m) kanye nokukhula kusuka ku-1m kuya ku-1,5m ubude. Ama-artichokes ayisitshalo esidinga umhlabathi. Sidinga umhlaba oyaluzayo nonomoya. Inokujula futhi inothile nge-humus. Sizophinde sengeze izinto eziphilayo zezilwane, okungcono into ebola kahle.
Sizogwema inhlabathi enzima neyomile. Ngaphambi kokutshala ama-artichokes, kuyathakazelisa ukususa inhlabathi nge-tiller kagesi. Qinisekisa ukuthi umquba uxubene kahle. Ngemva kokwenza lokhu okungenhla, Sizokwenza ukunisela okujwayelekile ukuze simanzise inhlabathi esikhundleni sokuyikhukhula.
Ama-artichokes adinga umquba omningi. Izindawo ebezinezilimo zifanelekile. Kodwa ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele wengeze ama-organic. Okufanelekile, kufanele kube ngemvelaphi yezilwane, njengendle. Ekuqaleni sizonikeza ababhalisile mayelana ne-7-10 kg ngemitha yesikwele. Khona-ke, njengoba izitshalo zikhula, sizofaka izinto eziphilayo ezenziwe ekhaya, njengomquba, okungenani ekuqaleni.
Ama-artichokes nawo akhethiwe ngokunisela. Kodwa-ke, azikubekezeleli amanzi amaningi kanye nokugcwala kwamanzi kahle kakhulu. Ngakho kufanele sibagweme. Njengenjwayelo, inketho ekahle yokunisela i-drip irrigation. Sizonisela njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-2-3 cishe imizuzu engama-30-40. Ehlobo, sizokwandisa imvamisa yokunisela nsuku zonke.
Ungatshala kanjani ama-artichokes
Manje njengoba sesiyazi ukuthi i-artichoke itshalwa nini, ake sibone ukuthi ikhule kanjani. Zingahlwanyelwa ngaphandle kwembewu. Nokho, sincoma ukukwenza ngo-April. Le nyanga inikeza izimo zezulu ezingcono kakhulu zokukhula kwayo.
Sifuna ukuhlwanyela imbewu njalo ngo-40-50 cm. Lapho ziqala ukukhula, sizosusa iziqu ezibuthakathaka (ukuthena). Uma sinezithombo ze-artichoke, izinto zizoba lula kakhulu. Sizolinda ukutshala izithombo ngoMeyi.
Kungcono ukubeka izithombo ebangeni elingama-90cm phakathi kwazo. Kufanele futhi uqinisekise ukuthi inhlabathi ivundile kahle futhi ine-pH elinganiselwa ku-6,5. Ama-artichokes angakhula abe mkhulu. Ikakhulukazi uma lina noma kunamanzi anele. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, unenhlanhla, kodwa ufuna ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi isitshalo asihlukani ngenxa yesisindo. Okubalulekile, ungasebenzisa izigxobo noma izinti ukusekela ama-artichokes, uma kudingeka. Okufana nezitshalo zikatamatisi.
Singakwazi ukuvuna ama-artichokes iminyaka eminingana. Ngakho ufuna ukubanakekela. Ama-artichokes angavunwa ezinyangeni ezi-3-4 ngemuva kokutshala. Isizini yokuqala ikhiqiza ikhanda elilodwa kuphela esiqwini esikhulu. Eminyakeni embalwa ezayo, amakhanda amaningana azokhiqizwa futhi imboni izoba nkulu. lapho i-artichoke ikhule isiqu esingaba ngu-15cm, siyayisika futhi sizobona ukuthi inombala omuhle. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungalindi ukuthi liqhakaze, lapho-ke lingasadleki.
Izinhlupho nezifo
Kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi ama-artichokes ashintshwe abantu kusuka kumakhakhasi. Ngakho-ke, ukumelana nokumelana kwayo nezinambuzane nezifo kuzoba ngaphansi kakhulu kunalokhu. Umswakama omningi ungaholela ezifweni zokuzala kanye nesikhunta.
Ama-aphid avame ukutholakala lapho ukuchelela kuphezulu kakhulu kanye nomanyolo we-nitrogen omningi kakhulu. Ama-aphid atholakala ezisekelweni nakwamanye amaqabunga e-artichokes futhi angadala umonakalo esitshalweni. Ukufakwa kwe-neem extract ngokuvamile kuyisisombululo se-ecological kuma-aphid.
I-Verticillium wilt iyisikhunta esivamile senhlabathi esikhula ezindaweni ezipholile emhlabeni wonke futhi singahlala emhlabathini amashumi eminyaka. I-Verticillium ibuna ebusika emhlabathini njenge-mycelium elele, noma izakhiwo ezimnyama ezithule ezibizwa ngokuthi i-microsclerotia, ezilindele izimo ezivumayo ukuthi zibuye. Bangena ezilimele izicubu zezitshalo ngezimpande futhi bande. Ukhula oluningi oluvamile, njenge-dandelion nokhula, kungase kube izinhlobo ze-Verticillium wilt.
Izitshalo eziningi ezinenani elikhulu ngokwezomnotho zisengozini yokuthinteka kalula, kuhlanganise ukotini, utamatisi, amazambane, i-canola, ama-eggplant, upelepele, nezitshalo zokuhlobisa, kanye nezinye izitshalo ezisemiphakathini enezimila ezingokwemvelo.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi i-artichoke itshalwe nini.