La I-Vitis vinifera, eyaziwa emhlabeni wonke ngokuthi umvini noma umvini, isitshalo esitholakala kakhulu emapulazini nasezingadini zomndeni, kokubili ngamagilebhisi aso (impahla eluhlaza yokwenza iwayini) kanye nenani laso lendabuko kanye nobuhle. Ukunakekela umvini ngendlela efanele akulula, futhi enye yezinto okufanele zicatshangelwe ngomvini ukuthena. Lo mqwali ungakhula ube mkhulu endle, kodwa abalimi nabalimi cishe njalo bayawuthena ukuze kugcinwe izihlahla ezincane zilungele ukuvunwa. Lokhu kuthena ngeke kwenziwe nganoma iyiphi indlela. abantu abaningi bayazibuza kuthenwa nini imivini.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukukutshela ukuthi ungathena nini imivini, yiziphi izici nezici zabo okufanele uzicabangele.
Ithenwa nini imivini?
Lapho unquma ukuthi uzothena nini izivini, kuyasebenza imithetho efanayo njengasezitshalweni eziningi: imivini kufanele ithenwe ngenkathi isesimweni sokukhula kwezitshalo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, isitshalo asigcini kahle umsoco futhi siba buthakathaka futhi silahlekelwe amandla amaningi ngemva kokuthena. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, isikhathi esivamile sokuthena sihlala sisekupheleni kwe-fruiting nasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuba ibuyele emsebenzini.
Ngalo mqondo, abanye batusa ukuthena phakathi nokuphela kobusika nasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, njengoba lesi sitshalo sithela izithelo kamuva kodwa eziningi kakhulu nezisezingeni eliphezulu.
Ungawuthena kanjani umvini
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokuthena umvini: ukuqeqesha ukuthena nokuthena izithelo.
Ukuqeqesha ukuthena kwenziwa phakathi neminyaka yokuqala yokuphila komvini futhi umsebenzi waso ukunikeza isitshalo isimo esifanele kanye nesakhiwo. Leli fomu lizohluka kuye ngomsebenzi ofuna ukuwunikeza umvini, akufani ukuthola isivuno esiphezulu samagilebhisi kuna, isibonelo, dGcoba imivini engadini.
Ukuthena kwenziwa ezitshalweni ezindala esezivele zinesisekelo esanele, inhloso ukuthi izitshalo zikhule zinempilo futhi zithele izithelo ezinhle.
Indlela yokuthena imivini emincane nemidala
Ukuthenwa kokubunjwa kwenziwa phakathi neminyaka emi-3 noma emi-4 yokuqala yomvini. Ukuthena kufanele kwenziwe ebusika bokuqala ngemva kokutshala, kodwa ungalinda kuze kube unyaka olandelayo uma imivini yakho isencane kakhulu futhi ibuthakathaka.
Ekutheneni kokuqala, khetha igatsha eliwugqinsi neliqondile lomvini, elizoba igatsha lawo eliyinhloko. Kufanele uthene wonke amanye amagatsha abuthakathaka uwabeke phansi, kanye negatsha elikhulu uma liwumvini omnyama, ushiye imiqumbe emi-2, noma imiqumbe emi-3 uma kuwumvini omhlophe. Ekutheneni okulandelayo, khetha ihlumela eliqine kakhulu futhi futhi usike amanye, ushiye ihlumela elikhulu elingaba ngu-30 cm ubude. Futhi, lapha kungaba usizo ukubopha igatsha kumhlahlandlela noma ukusekela, ukulicindezela egatsheni uma selikhule lafinyelela ekuphakameni okufanayo, bese ucindezela igatsha elifanayo ngonyaka olandelayo ubude obungaba ngu-25 cm.
Kukhona ezinye izinhlobo zokuthena, kodwa lena yindlela ejwayelekile yokuthena esetshenziswa ukuvumela imivini ukuthi ikhiqize izithelo eziningi ngaphandle kokukhula ibe mikhulu kakhulu.
Uma kukhulunywa ngezivini ezindala, ukuthenwa kwezithelo kwenziwa emivinini esevele inesakhiwo esiyisisekelo esidingekayo, ukugcinwa okufanele kuyadingeka ukuze kukhishwe izingxenye ezisesimweni esibi futhi amagatsha awo awaphonsi ilanga phakathi kwazo.
Ukuze uqhubeke uvuselela ukukhula komvini, kufanele unqume amagatsha amadala anokhuni angasakhiqizi amahlumela amasha. Sika futhi amagatsha noma izingxenye ezibonakala zinezifo noma zisesimweni esibi, futhi ususe amahlumela amasha abhodloza egatsheni elikhulu noma avimbele ukukhula kwawo ngokuvimba ukukhanya.
Izinyathelo zokuthena imivini nokunikeza umthunzi
Uma inhloso eyinhloko yezivini zakho kuwukunikeza umthunzi ngaphambi kokusetha izithelo, ukuthena kufanele kwenziwe ngendlela ehluke ngokuphelele. Shiya isiqu somvini esijiyile, siboshelwe esisekelweni ukuze ngikhwele kuso; futhi ususe noma yimaphi amagatsha asemaceleni avelayo kuze kube yilapho umvini ufinyelela ukuphakama oyifunayo, lapho ungakhuthazwa khona ukuba ukhule futhi ube nesihlahla. Uwabeka ngendlela enikeza umthunzi owanele lapho uqeda ukuwamboza.
Ukuvunwa kwamagilebhisi kuncike esikhathini sokuthenwa kwezivini kanye nezimo zezulu zesifunda kanye nenkathi. Nokho, imvamisa iqala ehlobo, maphakathi noma ekupheleni kukaJulayi, futhi ihlala kuze kube uSepthemba.
Izici okufanele zicatshangelwe lapho kuthenwa imivini
Ngokujwayelekile, ukuthenwa kwemivini kwenziwa ngesikhathi sokungalali kwesitshalo, sonke isitshalo. Ngale ndlela, umvini uzothenwa ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi njengoba uba buthaka futhi ulahlekelwa amandla ngenxa yokuntuleka kwemisoco egciniwe. Ngakho, Sibeka inkathi yokuthena phakathi kokuphela kobusika nokuqala kwentwasahlobo, lapho kuphela inkathi yokuthela.
Kuyini ukuthena sekwephuzile? Ukuthena kwenziwa ngemva nje kokuba izitshalo ziqale ukuhluma. Lesi sikhathi akusona isikhathi sokuthena imivini, ngoba lapho ukusika izinqolobane ezinkulu ziyasuswa.
Kwenzekani uma uthena imivini ngaphambi kokuba izitshalo zithule? Kulokhu sizithola sinezitshalo ezingenawo ama-carbohydrate, futhi uma zingavunyelwe ukuphumula, ukuhluma kuyabambezeleka futhi isitshalo silahlekelwa amandla.
Ezinye izici okufanele zicatshangelwe yilezi:
- Isimo sezulu: ukhuni lomvini namagatsha awo lungagula, futhi lapho luthenwa ludala amanxeba okhunini oluvumela ukungena kwawo. Kubalulekile ukugwema izinsuku ezinemvula, ezinenkungu futhi ezinomswakama kakhulu njengoba zithanda ukusabalala kwesikhunta.
- iminyaka yezitshalo: kufanele uqaphele ukuthi ukuthena imivini emincane akufani nokuthena imivini evuthiwe. Izitshalo ezincane zizwela kakhulu kuqhwa futhi, ngokumangalisayo, azinawo amandla amakhulu okubuyisela emiphumeleni yesithwathwa. Yingakho ukuthenwa kwemivini emincane kufanele kuhlehliswe ngemva kokuba ubusika obubandayo budlulile.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi imivini inqunywa nini nokuthi yiziphi izici zayo.