Lapho siqala ukuhlwanyela ensimini, sihlala sinokungabaza isikhathi sokubeka umquba engadini. Umquba usiza ukondla umhlabathi futhi ukwazi ukunikeza izitshalo zonke imisoco edingekayo ukuze zikhule esimweni esihle. Nokho, akuwona wonke umuntu owaziyo ukuthi kufanele ayisebenzise nini.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele ukuthi kufanele ubeke umquba engadini nokuthi kufanele ukwenze kanjani.
Kungani kufanele sibeke umquba engadini?
Isitolo sisidayisela umanyolo ohlanganisiwe, izakhi eziyinhloko yi-NPK (i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, i-potassium), kwesinye isikhathi inothile ngezakhi ezithile ezincane (i-magnesium, i-calcium, isulfure), futhi inothile ngezakhi zokulandelela (iron, manganese, zinc, boron, chlorine…). Ngakho singacabanga ukuthi uma abantu belima ngomanyolo, umlotha kanye nemikhiqizo yokuphila kwansuku zonke, siphetha ngokuthi zonke lezi zakhi ezidingwa izitshalo ziqukethwe ubulongwe.
Okokuqala, kufanele sibe nomlando wesikhathi nendawo ukuze siqale ukuthola izimpendulo ezifanele. Ekuqaleni kwesikhathi, lapho umuntu ezinikela kwezolimo futhi engaseyena umzulane, wathola izindawo ezingakaze zibonwe muntu, okwathi lapho engaseyena umuntu ohambahambayo. Bamnikeze wonke amaminerali nezinto eziphilayo azidingayo kwezolimo. Ngakho, umuntu waqala ukuhlakulela nokuhlakulela nokunye iminyaka eyizinkulungwane. Ngokungenakugwenywa, inhlabathi isiphelile, lokho akungabazeki. Uma siletha umsoco ovela enhlabathini ezitshalweni, kufanele sizigcwalise ngokufaka umquba.
Lapho kuhlolwa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zomanyolo ezivame kakhulu, inani elithile le-NPK triplet eyaziwa kakhulu litholakala kuwo wonke ama-fertilizer, kodwa akwanele ekuvunweni kokukhiqizwa kwezimboni zanamuhla. Eqinisweni, ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe wonke umanyolo awunakho ukugxila okwanele kwe-phosphorus ngendlela ye-P2O5. Okuhlinzekwa ngumquba iningi lezinto eziphilayo ezintsha kanye ne-nitrogen, kodwa ikakhulukazi esimweni semvelo. Ngakho-ke, ingxenye ye-organic ye-N idinga isikhathi sokubola ukuze ibe amaminerali. Ngokujwayelekile izingadi zemifino, ukufaka umquba owenziwe ngemfucuza yezitshalo njll. ngokuvamile kuhle. Nakuba abaningi bethu kufanele bengeze kancane imisoco ngendlela yomanyolo wamakhemikhali ukuze bathole utamatisi owengeziwe, izithelo eziningi nokunye.
Imuphi umthamo owengezwa emqubeni?
Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa ubulongwe njengomanyolo, kunezinto ezimbalwa okufanele uzicabangele.
- Iphuzu eliyinhloko ukuthi ayikwazi ukungezwa ezitshalweni, kumele kufakwe isikhathi esithile ngaphambi kokutshala, isikhathi eside ngokwanele ukuze izinto eziphilayo ezikulomquba ziwohloke. Ngokuya ngesivuno, kungaba yinyanga noma izinsuku eziyi-15 ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela.
- Enye into ebalulekile okufanele uyikhumbule umthamo. Umkhawulo osemthethweni ngu-170 kg we-nitrogen ngehektha. Lokhu kuchazwa ngumthetho wokungcoliswa kwamanzi ngama-nitrate ezolimo. Ngakho-ke, gwema ukufinyelela ku-50 mg L we-nitrate emanzini angaphezulu noma angaphansi, ngoba amanani aphezulu angabangela izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo yomphakathi.
Ukuze sazi ukuthi yisiphi isithako esingasisebenzisa, kungcono ukwazi imithamo ye-agronomic. Ibhalansi phakathi kwe-nitrogen ekhishwa yisitshalo phakathi nomjikelezo waso kanye ne-nitrogen ekhona emhlabathini noma i-humus esesimweni se-inorganic futhi esetshenziswa emanzini okunisela. Ukulinganisa ibhalansi sizofaka i-nitrogen kumanyolo, esimweni sethu umanyolo.
Kufanele uwubeke nini umquba engadini?
Enye yezinkinga eziyinhloko ukwazi ukuthi kufanele ubekwe nini umquba engadini. Ukuze uthole impendulo eyodwa enkulu. Bazovikela esikutshalile ngaso sonke isikhathi, isimo sezulu lapho sikhona nalapho kufanele sinisele isivuno. Kwesinye isikhathi kuzoba kanye ngonyaka, ekuqaleni kwezinkathi zonyaka noma kaningi.
Yiqiniso, qaphela izingozi, njengoba ukulahlekelwa ukudla okukhulu kwenzeka lapho amanzi ephuma futhi ephelela ezindleleni zendle, ezingase zingcolise i-aquifer. Faka umanyolo okhishwa ngokushesha oqukethe i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, ne-potassium njalo emavikini amathathu kuya kwamane. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izitshalo zigcwele amandla futhi uma sekutholakala ukudla bazokudla.
Ekwindla, lapho sisusa izitshalo eziphelile, sifaka umanyolo omncane wensimu, kulokhu ngokukhululwa kancane. Kudingeka idedelwe kancane ngoba izitshalo ziyakwamukela kancane kancane, sezikhulile, sezithele izithelo, manje inqubo ihamba kancane.
Yebo, kuya ngokuthi sikutshala ini nokuthi nini... uma utamatisi eqhubeka nokuthela ngo-Okthoba, asikho isidingo sokuvundisa. Kakade ekupheleni kobusika, kuwumqondo omuhle ukufaka umquba noma izinto eziphilayo ukuze kugcinwe izinga lomhlabathi. Njengoba sifunda ukwaziswa okunomsoco emikhiqizweni esiyisebenzisayo, singakwazi ukufunda amalebula kamanyolo esizowafaka engadini yethu. Ngakho-ke, ngeke sazi kuphela ukuthi yiziphi izimbiwa esizinikezayo, kodwa futhi nezilinganiso zazo.
Ungasifaka kanjani isicelo
Uma sifuna ukuthola okuningi kumanyolo osengadini yethu yezithelo noma engadini, indlela esinquma ukuwusebenzisa ngayo ibalulekile. Enye yezindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokusebenzisa umquba njengomanyolo wezitshalo ukuwuxuba njengengxenye yomquba wakho. Ngokuyisebenzisa njengomquba, ususa amathuba okushisa izitshalo zakho.
Enye inketho ukuyifaka emhlabathini nge-rake ngaphambi kokutshala entwasahlobo, kungaba ekwindla noma ebusika. Ngokuvamile, ikwindla yisikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokusebenzisa umanyolo ohlanzekile emibhedeni yethu yezimbali nasemasimini. Lokhu kunikeza umquba isikhathi esanele sokubhidlika, kuqedwe usongo lokushiswa kwezitshalo nezitshalo zemvelo.
Umanyolo omude wokwelapha nawo ungumanyolo omuhle kakhulu ezitshalweni zethu. Cishe noma yiluphi uhlobo lukamanyolo lungasetshenziswa, kuye ngokutholakala komanyolo owutholayo. Noma kunjalo, Indle yekati noma yenja ayinconywa. Lezi zinhlobo zomquba azifanele izingadi noma izinqwaba zomquba, njengoba zingaqukatha amagciwane, amagciwane, nezifo eziyingozi kubantu.
Ngokuvamile, ubulongwe behhashi, inkomo kanye nezinkukhu, owaziwa nangokuthi umquba wezinkukhu, yiwona osetshenziswa kakhulu. Ungasebenzisa futhi ubulongwe bonogwaja. Ngisho nakamuva, i-bat guano isithandwa kakhulu.
Iningi lezinhlobo ezahlukene zomanyolo zingathengwa ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo nasezikhungweni zengadi, kodwa uma uhambahamba, uzothola ukuthi abalimi noma abanikazi bamahhashi bazimisele kakhulu ukuwanikeza.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nesikhathi sokuthela umquba engadini.