Igeja lingelinye lamathuluzi ezolimo afaneleka kakhulu ekulimeni okuyisisekelo, okungukuthi, ukulima nokuphendula umhlabathi.. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi njengoba ujula emhlabathini, amandla okulima kufanele akhule, okusho ukuthi amandla okudonsa amaningi nokwenyuka kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli. Yavela okokuqala eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-5.000 edlule futhi kwaba uguquko lapho kwase kwenziwa imisele ukuze kutshalwe.. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yadalwa ngokusekelwe egebeni noma ngefosholo, kodwa ukuyisebenzisa ngokudonsa kwezilwane, empeleni kwakungenye yentuthuko ebaluleke kakhulu olwazini lwesikhathi.
Ngamazinga ahlukahlukene empumelelo, yasakazeka kusukela ekuqaleni kwempucuko, yagudla ugu lweMedithera, futhi eRoma, yaphawula inkathi; indlela igeja elalisetshenziswa ngayo kanye nokuthuthukiswa komklamo walo kusaqhubeka kuze kube namuhla. Amathuba okusebenza nge-engeli kanye nokuma okuvumela ukwandisa ukujula kokulima, okungagcini nje ngokusiza ekuhlwanyeleni, kodwa futhi kwenza inhlabathi ibe isiponji.
Igeja namuhla
Igama elithi "igeja" lisho inqubo evumela amagaqa eqiniso avundlile ukuba akhishwe emhlabathini.. Lezi zizobe sezigaywa futhi zichotshozwe ukuze umhlabathi ubuyele esigabeni sawo sokuqala futhi kube lula ukudlula kwezinto eziphilayo, okuqinisekisa indawo kanye nokudla kwesitshalo esisha. Imishini esetshenziswa ukulima ichazwa kahle ngokuthi "amageja", futhi idonsa ngogandaganda onamandla amakhulu futhi i-share kanye ne-moldboard. Ngale ndlela, ungasebenza ekujuleni okuhlukahlukene.
Amageja imishini esebenza umhlabathi ngaphezulu ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela. Bavumela ukulima, okungukuthi, ukususa ungqimba lomhlabathi ongaphezulu nokulungiselela inhlabathi yesilimo esilandelayo ngokuwufaka umoya futhi ufake nezinsalela zezitshalo zangaphambilini.. Namuhla, amageja atholakala ngezindlela eziningi: amakhuba asindayo, alula, afakwe noma afakwe kancane, amageja alula noma ahlehliswayo, amageja ezinhlanga, njll. Ngaphambi kokulima, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlola isimo sempahla yakho, izingxenye zegeja lakho, kodwa nomhlabathi wakho. Umhlabathi omanzi kakhulu awulungele ukulima, njengoba iwumhlaba ozwela ukuguguleka, lapho kukhethwa khona umsebenzi wokukhanya.
Uma kuziwa ezintweni zokusebenza zasepulazini lakho, ibhalansi kanye nokucindezela kwawo wonke amathayi akho, kanye nesimo esihle sezingxenye zangemuva zokuphakamisa nokushayela, yizici zokuqala ekusebenzeni kwegeja lakho.. Ngokuya ngezimo zokusebenza ezizindeni zakho (indawo eyisicaba, engalingani noma exubile), i-eksisi yephoyinti lakho lesithathu izosondezwa ngendlela ehlukile (emgodini ongashintshi noma ekukhanyeni). Ukuyilungisa, kunezinto ezintathu okufanele zicatshangelwe: ukujula (isondo elilungisa ingemuva nokuphakama okuphakamisayo ngaphambili), phansi ngaphandle (sibonga i-crank yephoyinti lesithathu) futhi ekugcineni i-plumb (indawo encike emhlabathini wegeja lakho) sibonga isikulufu sokulungisa ngaphambili).
Kungani igeja libalulekile
Inhloso yale nqubo, empeleni, ukuqeda ukhula futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, izinsalela zemifino yezitshalo ezedlule., eziphusha ngokujulile ukuze zingaphazamisi ukukhula kwezithombo ezizayo. Ngale ndlela kungenzeka ukuthambisa umhlabathi futhi uwulungise kancane kancane ukuze uthole isivuno esilandelayo.
Lapho igeja seliqedile
Ngokuvamile, ukulima kwenziwa ekupheleni kwesigaba sokuvuna. Ukulima kungenziwa ngezikhathi ezahlukene zonyaka, nakuba imiphumela engcono kakhulu itholakala ngezinkathi ezimaphakathi. Eqinisweni, ngegeja lasekwindla, izinsalela zezitshalo kanye nomanyolo wezinto eziphilayo zingcwatshwa ngomzuzwana wesimo sokwanda kwemvula kanye nokwehla kwamazinga okushisa.
Ngalo mqondo, izinga lokushisa eliphansi lisho izenzo zokuqhwa nokuncibilika, ngakho-ke, ukubola ngokushesha kwamagaqa. Ngokuqondene nentwasahlobo, kulokhu igeja linenhloso yokuvimbela ikakhulukazi. Kwenziwa ngaphambi nje kokuhlwanyela ukugwema ukuqina kwenhlabathi okubangelwa ukuvela kwelanga nokushisa okuqhubekayo.
Izinzuzo zegeja
Kunezizathu eziningi zokuthi kungani, nanamuhla, igeja liphenduke indlela ebaluleke kakhulu yokulungisa umhlabathi. Nazi izinzuzo eziyinhloko le ndlela yokucubungula engaziletha.
- Isimo esihle senhlabathi siyabuyiselwa. Ukunyakazisa umhlaba, ukuwuguqula nokushiya indawo phezu komhlabathi “omusha”, ongakaze uthintwe ngokujulile ngokulinywa, kuthanda ukuzalwa nokuthuthukiswa kwesitshalo esisha esizayo.. Lesi sakamuva, empeleni, sizokwazi ukuthola indawo efanele yokusabalalisa izimpande zayo emhlabathini.
- Inhlabathi entsha ayinamanzi futhi inomoya-mpilo ocebile. Ngegeja, inhlabathi iyavuselelwa: ngenxa yalokho, i-porosity yayo iyanda, okubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhamba kwamanzi, umoya-mpilo nezinye izinto eziphilayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinsalela zesivuno sangaphambilini, ezijulwa ngegeja, ziba umthombo wokudla kwesitshalo esisha.
- Kukhona ukulawula okuqinile phezu kokhula. Ukunyakazisa umhlabathi kusho ukucekela phansi ukhula kanye nokunciphisa ukusebenza kwezimuncagazi zezilwane ezivimbela noma ezithiya ukukhula okuluhlaza kwesilimo.
Ububi begeja
Ngokusungulwa kwezobuchwepheshe, igeja seliphenduke isihloko esikhuluma ngezazi zezolimo namahlathi kanye nabaphathi bamapulazi. Le nqubo iphinde iletha nezithiyo ezimbalwa, kwesinye isikhathi ezishayisana nomqondo wamanje kakhulu wokusimama kwemvelo. Lezi yizinto ezimbi eziyinhloko zokulima:
Umhlabathi ugcwele ama-microorganisms anezidingo ezahlukeneKuye ngesendlalelo lapho atholakala khona: ama-microorganisms e-aerobic ahlala phezulu, adinga umoya-mpilo omningi ukuze aphile; ukuya ekujuleni, kukhona amagciwane anaerobic kanye nesikhunta, ehlushwa ukuxhumana nomoya. Kuyacaca ukuthi ukuguqula inhlabathi kusho ukusebenza ngokulinganisela okuthambile kwe-microflora: ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kubangela umonakalo omkhulu., okuholela ekulahlekeni kokuvunda kwenhlabathi okuqhubekayo.
Isisindo esikhulu segeja sichoboza inhlabathi futhi kwakha ungqimba, okuthiwa 'amagxolo okucubungula'., okuyinto, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ijula futhi ijule. Lolu ngqimba aluvumeli ukudlula kwamanzi nomoya futhi luvimbele ukuthuthukiswa kwesimiso sezimpande zesitshalo esisha, kancane kancane kubangele ukulahlekelwa kokuzala emhlabathini.
Ekugcineni, idla amandla aphezulu kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezomnotho. Imisebenzi ehambisanayo ihlanganisa izindleko zikaphethiloli eziphakeme, okunomthelela omkhulu kwezemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amageja adinga amandla amakhulu okudonsa futhi ngenxa yalokho ogandaganda abathile, abangafinyelela ezindlekweni eziphezulu.