Impela kuzwakala sengathi ufunde izingqimba ezahlukene hhayi kuphela zoMhlaba, kodwa nenhlabathi. Nakuba kuyiqiniso ukuthi lolu cwaningo luyingxenye ye-geology, ezinye izici zibaluleke kakhulu kwezolimo, njengokwazi liyini itafula lamanzi nokuthi ungalisebenzisa kanjani ngokunenzuzo. Kuyisibonelo esicacile sokuthi amagatsha esayensi ahlukahlukene angasizana kanjani.
Njengoba kungenzeka ukuthi usuvele unqume, kulesi sihloko sizochaza ukuthi itafula lamanzi liyini nokuthi liyini, sikhulume ngokusiza kwalo kwezolimo kanye nokubaluleka kwalo emkhakheni wokwakha. Sizophinde sichaze ukuthi ikuphi ngempela, njengoba umhlabathi uhlukaniswe ngamazinga amaningana. Uma ufuna ukwazi ngalesi sihloko, ngokuqinisekile uzosithola sithakazelisa kakhulu. Futhi, ulwazi aluthathi indawo!
Liyini itafula lamanzi futhi lisetshenziselwa ini?
Kunezindlela ezahlukene zokubhekisela etafuleni lamanzi: itafula lamanzi, ithebula lamanzi, itafula lamanzi, amanzi angaphansi komhlaba, itafula lamanzi noma itafula lamanzi nje. Ngokuyisisekelo izinga lapho kokubili ukucindezela komkhathi nokucindezela kwamanzi kulingana khona. Ngokuvamile, ukukhululeka kwalolu ungqimba kufana kakhulu nendawo evamile, kodwa kuthe ukubushelelezi futhi kungavela ngaphandle ngokwakhiwa kwamadiphozi amanzi.
Ngamanye amazwi: Itafula lamanzi izinga okutholakala kulo amanzi angaphansi komhlaba futhi ukujula kwawo ngokuvamile kuphansi kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinga eliphansi. Singasho ukuthi i-aquifer engashoni, njengoba lezi zivame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezijulile. Kuleli zinga, izikhala phakathi kwezinhlamvu zomhlaba zigcwele amanzi, ngaleyo ndlela kugcwale inhlabathi. Uma bekunjalo ukuthi ungqimba olungaphezulu kwalo luyangeneka, kungase kube nenhlabathi engagcwele. Kulezi zimo, ama-voids nawo aqukethe umoya, hhayi amanzi kuphela.
Ukuphakamisa itafula lamanzi, ukunikezwa kwamanzi okuncishisiwe kanye nokwengeziwe kwanele. Ngale ndlela, ungqimba olungagcwalisiwe luba ungqimba olugcwele. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi ubukhulu bongqimba olungasetshenzisiwe, obugcwala, buncane futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, i-topography yesayithi yanele, amanzi angafinyelela phezulu, abonakale emehlweni ethu. Yile ndlela amachibi, amachibi namachibi adaleka ngayo. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kungase kubangele ngisho nezikhukhula. Lolu hlobo lwendawo lubizwa ngokuthi itafula lamanzi angashoni.
Ukusetshenziswa kwetafula lamanzi
Manje njengoba sesazi ukuthi itafula lamanzi liyini, sizoxoxa ngokusebenziseka kwalo. Yebo, njengoba usungacabanga, imithombo yamanzi nemithombo kuxhunywe kuleli zinga, futhi amanzi aphuma lapho angase aphuze noma angaphuzwa. Njengoba ingashoni kakhulu, la ma-aquifer atholakala kakhulu ekungcoleni esikukhiqiza phezulu.
Kufanele futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi etafuleni amanzi Inenzuzo kakhulu ezitshalweni eziningi zezolimo, inqobo nje uma ukujula kwanele. Lokhu kuzoncika kakhulu ohlotsheni lwezitshalo, kunjalo. Abanye babekezelela amanzi amaningi, okungukuthi, basekela amatafula amanzi aphezulu, kuyilapho abanye bekhetha aphansi.
Nakuba konke kungase kubonakale kukuhle kakhulu ekuboneni kokuqala, itafula lamanzi lingase libe yinkinga. Emkhakheni wokwakha kubalulekile ukwazi lo mqondo, futhi ngesizathu esihle: Uma ukumba kwenziwa ngaphansi kwetafula lamanzi, ingozi yokunciphisa nokungazinzi inkulu kakhulu. Ngakho kufanele uhlale ukukhumbula lokho.
Lapho kwenziwa ukumba kanye/noma isisekelo esijulile, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi amanzi azofinyelelwa yini noma cha. Izinyathelo zingathathwa kulolu khuni ukuvimbela amanzi angaphansi komhlaba ukuthi angadluli futhi agcine engena. Izithiyo zomzimba, amasistimu okumpompa kanye nezinhlanganisela zalezi zindlela ezimbili ezisanda kushiwo zivame ukusetshenziswa njengezinyathelo zokubopha. Ukukhetha isilinganiso esifanele kakhulu, ukujula kokumbiwa kanye nohlobo lwendawo kufanele kucatshangelwe.
Likuphi itafula lamanzi?
Ukuze uthole umbono wokuthi itafula lamanzi likuphi, sizobhala amazinga ahlukahlukene futhi siwahlukanise ukusuka phezulu kuye phansi.
- Iphansi noma ngaphezulu: Iwungqimba olungaphezulu kakhulu futhi luyingxenye yezoni engagcwele.
- Indawo yomoya: Iphinde ibe yingxenye yezoni engagcwele. Lapha, izimbotshana ezitholakala emhlabathini zingaqukatha kokubili umoya namanzi. Kuleli zinga kutholakala amanzi e-hygroscopic, okuyiwo anamathela ongqimbeni oluncane oluzungeza okusanhlamvu okusenhlabathini, namanzi e-capillary. Lesi sakamuva sitholakala nasezimbotsheni ezincane kakhulu. Ukwengeza, inesibopho sokubangela ukungezwani kwe-capillary endaweni egcwele ethinta itafula lamanzi futhi igcwele kancane ngaphezulu.
- Ithebula lamanzi: Iwungqimba oluncane oluncane, uma luqhathaniswa nezinye, oluhlukanisa indawo yokungenisa umoya endaweni egcwele.
- Umphetho wezinwele: Ivamise ukuba nkulu kancane kunetafula lamanzi. Ihlukanisa ngokuyisisekelo indawo engagcwalisiwe nendawo egcwele. Yilapho amanzi angaphansi komhlaba etholakala khona, agcwalisa izimbotshana ezitholakala enhlabathini yendawo yokugcwala. Eduze kwale ndawo, i-capillary fringe ngokuvamile ayinamanzi.
- Indawo egcwele: Yakhiwe ngama- sediments kanye nedwala eliphansi. Kuyo, zonke izimbotshana zigcwele amanzi. Lawa manzi ngokuvamile ahamba phakathi kwemifantu nezimbotshana eziwugqinsi futhi abizwa ngokuthi amanzi adonsela phansi noma amanzi adonsela phansi.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngikucacise konke ukungabaza kwakho mayelana netafula lamanzi, usizo lwalo kanye nendawo yalo. Njengoba ubona, kunokuningi ngaphansi kwezinyawo zethu kunomhlabathi nezinambuzane nje. Umhlaba ugcwele izindlela namasu asiza ukugcina izinto eziphilayo.