I-mesquite emnandi (Prosopis glandulosa)

Izihlahla zomndeni wakwaFabaceae, ikakhulukazi, yizitshalo ezikhula ezifundeni ezifudumele ezinemvula encane. Ngenkathi kukhona okuthakazelisa kakhulu ukutshala ezingadini, njenge I-Albizia julibrissinNgakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona abanye okuhle ukwazi ... kepha akukho okunye. Omunye wabo waziwa njenge-mesquite emnandi, ogama lakhe lesayensi ngu I-Prosopis glandulosa.

Yize ingafakwanga ku-Catalog of Species Invasive of Spain, ifakiwe kuhlu lwezinhlobo eziyikhulu eziyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni ezihlelwe yi-International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN); yingakho singakutusi ukulinywa kwayo. Noma kunjalo, Kungani kuyingozi emvelweni? Ingabe ikhona ukusetshenziswa?

Umsuka nezimpawu ze I-Prosopis glandulosa

El I-Prosopis glandulosa kuyisihlahla esihlala siluhlaza esikhula size sifike kumamitha ayi-14 ukuphakama, yize into ejwayelekile ukuthi yeqe amamitha ayi-9, futhi emagatsheni inameva athile. Amaqabunga awo aluhlaza okotshani, akhiwe ngamaphinifa noma amapheshana anwetshiwe, futhi cishe ubude obuyisentimitha elilodwa.

Ikhiqiza izimbali isikhathi esiningi sonyaka; ikakhulukazi, kusuka entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla yokuqala. Lawa ma-spikes aphuzi aqoqelwe ku-inflorescence enwetshiwe, efana nesibonelo kuma-catkins we-willows (Salix). Isithelo, njengaleso sayo yonke imidumba, siyimidumba, okuthi uma kwenzeka i-mesquite enoshukela ibe luhlaza okotshani. Ngaphakathi iqukethe imbewu eyindilinga.

Itholakala kuphi i-mesquite emnandi?

Ivela eNyakatho Melika, ikakhulukazi ukusuka eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-United States kuya enyakatho yeMexico. Ukucaciswa kabanzi, ihlala eduze kwezingwadule, emathafeni awomile, kusuka olwandle kuya kumamitha ayi-1800 wokuphakama. Kepha akunakwenzeka ukwazi kahle ukuthi utshalwe ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba.

Kungumuthi ukuthi iyamelana nesomiso, amazinga okushisa aqatha ehlobo (40ºC, mhlawumbe aze afike ku-45ºC), futhi ayisabi nesithwathwa (Ngokusho kwezinye izingosi zaseNgilandi, njengePFAF, ilimala kabi kuphela uma i-mercury yehlela ku -22ºC uma isihlahla sikhulile; uma sincane asikwazi ukubekezelela amakhaza, kuze kufike ku - 1ºC).

Ngazo zonke lezi zizathu, bekungeke kumangaze ukuthi abaningi bakhuthazwe ukuthi babe nesibonelo esivandeni sabo, ngoba siyashintshashintsha futhi siyamelana. Kodwa-ke, lezi zici ezimbili, kanye nezinga eliphezulu lokuhluma, yizona ezingalimaza izimbali zomdabu.

Ingabe ikhona ukusetshenziswa okudliwayo noma okwelapha?

Iqiniso ngukuthi yebo. Kokubili umpe wezimbali, kanye nemidumba, imbewu kanye nobisi lwamagxolo kuyadleka.. Ngawo amakhekhe, uphuthu, ushingamu, ngisho neziphuzo kuyalungiswa. Isibonelo, imidumba eseluhlaza idliwa njengemifino, isibonelo kumasobho noma okuphekwe; Ngakolunye uhlangothi, avuthiwe avamise ukugaywa aze abe luhlobo lukafulawa, oluthelwa esitsheni esinamanzi amahora angama-24, luze lukhuni, futhi ekugcineni lusetshenziselwe ukwenza, phakathi kokunye, ama-pancake noma izinkwa.

Mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha, ezindaweni lapho idabuka khona isetshenziselwa umqala obuhlungu, ukwelapha izilonda nezilonda, nokulawulwa kwezintwala. Ukufakwa kwamaqabunga kusetshenziselwa ukunciphisa umkhuhlane, kanye nejusi ukukhulula ukulunywa nokucasuka kwamehlo.

Ingabe ingalinywa ukuze kutholakale amahlathi?

Iqiniso ukuthi angikukhuthazi. Ukutshala amahlathi njalo kungcono ukusebenzisa izitshalo zomdabu, okuyizona ekugcineni ezithatha izinkulungwane, mhlawumbe izigidi zezizukulwane, ukuzivumelanisa nesimo sezulu nenhlabathi yendawo.. I I-Prosopis glandulosa kuyathakazelisa uma kusetshenziselwa ukubuyisela amahlathi ahlazekile eMexico ngokwesibonelo, noma e-United States, ngoba phela okokuqala kuvela kulezo zifunda.

Kepha ezweni elifana neSpain, ngokweqiniso, ngeke ngimangale noma yini eba yingozi futhi idale umonakalo omkhulu ezimbalini zomdabu. Kubonakale ne- Leucaena leucocephala eCanary Islands, okuyisihlahla somndeni wakwaFabaceae, esikhula ngokushesha futhi sinezimbali ezinhle eziphuzi ezibunjiwe njengepomponi, futhi nayo ezalwa eMexico (unolwazi oluthe xaxa ngayo I-MITECO). Noma masingasho nokuthi i- U-Ailanthus altissima, isihlahla esikhula ngokushesha esinciphisa izikhala zemvelo ngokuvimbela izitshalo zomdabu ukuthi zingahlali kuso (okuyilungelo labo, uma ngingasho njalo).

Uma lokho inezimfanelo ezikwenza kube isitshalo esithakazelisayo, kepha hhayi okokutshalwa kabusha kwamahlathi. Izimpande zawo zijulile, futhi zilungisa ne-nitrogen emhlabathini, ngakho-ke zivimbela inhlabathi ekugugulekeni, noma uma isivele ikhona, izokwehlisa isithunzi ngokwengeziwe. Izinhlamvu zihluma ngokushesha lapho zithola umswakama omncane, futhi lesi sitshalo asithathi isikhathi eside ukuzinza. Kepha ngaphambi kokuthatha isinqumo sokutshala a I-Prosopis glandulosa engadini, kungcono ukubheka ezinye izinketho.