Zonke izinto eziphilayo bahlukaniswa baba ngamaqembu amaningana anezihlobo ezahlukahlukene zobudlelwano. Embusweni wezitshalo, amazinga ahlukene wokuhlukaniswa afaka isigaba, ukuhleleka, umndeni, uhlobo nezinhlobo.
Inhloso yamagama ukuhlela umhlaba wezitshalo futhi iningi linezinhlobo ezimbili zamagama: evamile futhi yezitshalo.
Izinhlobo zamagama ezitshalo
Igama elijwayelekile
Igama elijwayelekile lesitshalo kulula ukuphimisela futhi ichaza kakhulu. Amagama anjengegazi elophayo nentshebe yezimbuzi anikeza ukuqonda ngobuntu besitshalo noma ukubukeka kwaso.
Amagama ajwayelekile kukhona ngezilimi ezahlukene futhi azibetheliwe nganoma iyiphi indlela. Zivame ukudideka, ngoba isitshalo esifanayo singaba namagama ahlukene ezindaweni ezahlukene.
Igama leBotanical kanye negama lesibizo elincane
Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-200, imodeli yokuhlukaniswa kwe- isibizo semithi yezitshalo noma igama lesayensi lesitshalo, yasungulwa nguLinnaeus (1707-1778.
U-Linnaeus wenza lula inqubo yokuqamba amagama ngokusebenzisa i- "binomial" uhlelo. Ezingeni elilula lokuhlukaniswa kwesayensi, isitshalo ngasinye sinegama lezitshalo elenziwe izingxenye ezimbili, igama elejwayelekile noma uhlobo lohlobo oluthile, kanye ne-epithet ethile.
Ndawonye baziwa ngokuthi okuncane futhi ngomhlangano, igama liphrintiwe ngomalukeke.
Ubulili
Igama lokuqala limelela iqembu elikhulu kunawo wonke lapho lesi sitshalo singesaso, uhlobo, futhi uhlamvu lokuqala luhlale lubhalwe ngofeleba. Ngokuvamile ku-latíAkuwona amagama ahunyushiwe avela kwezinye izilimi, ikakhulukazi isiGreki.
Izinhlobo zezinhlobo
Igama lesibili uhlobo nezinhlobo incwadi yalo yokuqala ibhalwe ngamagama amancane. Igama lezinhlobo zezilwane livame ukuchaza isici esithile sesitshalo, isibonelo: i-hawthorn UCrataegus missouriensis, Yaqanjwa ngegama lesifundazwe saseMissouri.
Izimbali ziyingxenye yesitshalo esisetshenziselwa kakhulu amagama. Ngokwazi imigomo yezimbali, uzokwazi amagama amaningi ezitshalo. Isibonelo umbala, yingakho izinhlobo ezijwayelekile 'i-lactiflora' noma 'alba' zisho okumhlophe, 'lutea' ophuzi, 'purpurea' onsomi kanye 'ne-rubrum' obomvu.
Uma ubulili busetshenziswe esigabeni bungafushaniswa, njenge S. ubukhazikhazi. Uhlobo olungacacisiwe noma olungaziwa kuhlobo lohlobo Sage, bekungabhalwa ngokuthi Salvia sp. Uma izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwesisodwa zikhonjisiwe kuhlobo, kuzobhalwa Salvia spp., ngamabili p.
Kwesinye isikhathi ku-taxonomy yezitshalo uzobona igama lesithathuEzimweni ezinjalo, simane sicacise kakhudlwana, sicabangela ukwehlukahluka kohlobo lwenhlobo. Imvamisa, leli gama lesithathu likhombisa ukuhluka okulinyiwe; lizovela kuzingcaphuno ezilodwa futhi uhlamvu lwalo lokuqala luzofakwa osonhlamvukazi, kepha, kwesinye isikhathi, leli gama lesithathu likhombisa ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo.
Igama lezinhlobonhlobo landulelwe isifinyezo esithi "var". Ngaphandle kokuthi igama elihlukahlukene liyigama elifanele, incwadi yayo yokuqala ayifakwanga ofeleba. Njengegama lohlobo ne-epithet ethile, igama lezinhlobonhlobo lizobhalwa ngomalukeke.
I-Los nzalo noma iziphambano eziphakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene, banikezwa amagama ahlukile alandelwa i-x. Kwesinye isikhathi kufakwa elinye igama ngemuva kwegama lohlobo lwegama kanye ne-epithet engafakwanga ithalikhi noma ukumakwa ngezimpawu zokucaphuna. Kusho igama lomuntu oqale wachaza lesi sitshalo. Lawa magama kwesinye isikhathi afushaniswa. Lapho igama lifushaniswa njengo- "L", lisho ukuthi "uLinnaeus."
Umndeni
Noma kunjalo isibizo esincanyana sibandakanya kuphela uhlobo nezinhloboKuyasiza futhi ukwazi ukuthi isitshalo sikabani.Lokhu kuwusizo olukhulu ekuboneni izitshalo, ngoba ezingeni lomndeni, zivame ukuba nezici ezifanayo zomzimba.
Imindeni yezitshalo aqanjwa kusetshenziswa isichazamazwi sesiLatin esisebuningini esigcina ngo- "aceae" futhi isiphawulo sichaza ngokujwayelekile ubulili noma isici esivelele somndeni. Amagama emindeni ahlala aqala ngosonhlamvukazi futhi abhalwa ekhoneni elijwayelekile, ngokwesibonelo uFabaceae - oqanjwe ngoFaba (ubhontshisi)