I-Tamarillo (Solanum betaceum)

Uyawuthanda utamatisi? Iqiniso liwukuthi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi basesaladini noma ku-toast, isibonelo, bayamnandi. Kodwa ngokuqinisekile ujwayele ukubona, noma mhlawumbe ukhula, izitshalo ze-herbaceous. Kodwa kuthiwani uma ngikutshela ukuthi kunezinhlobonhlobo ezingaphezu kwesihlahla? Leyo yi-tamarillo, nakuba yaziwa nangokuthi utamatisi wesihlahla.

Uma ufuna ukuyazi, unganqikazi: lapha uzothola lonke ulwazi oludingekayo ukuze uhlakulele kahle.

Umsuka nezici

I-protagonist yethu iyi- isihlahla esihlala siluhlaza noma isihlahla esincane esidabuka eLatin America, ikakhulukazi esuka ePeru, eBolivia, e-Ecuador, e-Argentina naseVenezuela efinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha angu-3 kuya kwangu-4. Igama layo lesayensi yi-Solanum betaceum, kodwa yaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi utamatisi wase-Andean, utamatisi we-serrano, utamatisi womdumbula, utamatisi wesihlahla, umango waseNordic, isitshalo seqanda noma i-tamarillo.

Amaqabunga awo ayashintshana, aphelele, ane-petiole eqinile, futhi anobude obu-4 kuya ku-8 cm, aluhlaza okotshani ngombala futhi anomahhewu uma uwathinta. I izimbali zincane 1,3 kuya ku-1,5 cm ububanzi, mhlophe-pinki, futhi ahlanganiswe ngamaqoqo amatheminali. Lezi zivela entwasahlobo (May kuya kuJuni enyakatho nenkabazwe).

El isithelo i-ovoid berry 4 kuya ku-8 cm no-3-5 cm ububanzi, nesikhumba esibushelelezi esibomvu noma esiwolintshi lapho sesivuthiwe. Kuyadliwa; empeleni zingadliwa zingaphekiwe noma ziphekwe ukulungiselela amaswidi nophudingi. Bacebile ngensimbi, i-potassium, i-magnesium, i-phosphorus, namavithamini A, C no-E.

Ihluke kanjani i-tamarillo kumatamatisi?

Ingabe unokungabaza ngoba awazi ukuthi zingahluka kanjani? Nakuba encazelweni yalesi sitshalo usukwazile ukufaka intuit okuthile, ngoba ekuboneni kuqala isitshalo sikatamatisi nesitshalo se-tamarillo sihluke kakhulu, kukhona umehluko ezithelweni zabo.

Okuqondile:

• La isitshalo se-tamarillo sikhulu kakhulu futhi sikhulu, ifinyelela iziqu eziwugqinsi futhi iphakame impela.
• Isitshalo sikatamatisi empeleni siyisitshalo esine-herbaceous, kuyilapho i-tamarillo iyi-semi-woody.
• Isithelo se-tamarillo, uma ungakaze uzame ngaphambili, sikhulu kakhulu okubabayo okuthe xaxa kanye nezithelo. Akufani notamatisi.

Ziyini izinkathazo zabo?

Uma ufuna ukuba nekhophi, sincoma ukuthi uyinikeze lokhu kunakekelwa okulandelayo:

Indawo

Ngaphandle, ku-semi-shade. Isizathu ukuthi akathandi ilanga eliningi ngokujwayelekile. Nokukhanya akusho lutho. Ngotamatisi wesihlahla, indawo engcono kakhulu iyindawo lapho isemthunzini omncane noma ngisho nasemthunzini ogcwele. Futhi uma kunezinsuku eziningi ezinamafu lapho uyibeka khona, kungcono kakhulu.

Ukushisa

I-tamarillo isitshalo esicishe sibe yizo zonke izindawo. Futhi yilokho Ijwayelana kahle nanoma yisiphi isimo sezulu futhi ingakhula ifike ku-2500 amamitha ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle. Ungaba nakho kokubili lapho kushisa noma kubanda.

Manje, kufanele ukhumbule ukuthi akusiyo indawo yayo yemvelo, nokuthi kuzoba nzima ukuthi iqale lapho isezingeni eliphansi lokushisa.

Eqinisweni, eyakhe Izinga lokushisa elifanele liphakathi kuka-15 no-20 degrees. Ngezansi, ibekezelela isithwathwa esincane, esifinyelela ku -2 degrees. Endabeni yamazinga okushisa aphezulu, ungawabekezelela, nakuba ekhuphuka kakhulu, izinkinga ongase ube nazo.

Okunye okumele sikuqaphele ukuthi lesi sitshalo sidinga imvula efinyelela ngaphezu kuka-600 mm ngonyaka (ngaphezu kwamalitha angama-600 nge-square meter).

Umhlaba

Lapha kumele sihlukanise umhlabathi ozowusebenzisa engadini kulowo ongawusebenzisa ebhodweni. Kodwa abavumelana ngakho bobabili ukuthi idinga inhlabathi evulekile futhi engenawo umoya, enamanzi amahle.

La umhlabathi ungcono uma une-pH ethize ene-asidi futhi unomsoco kakhulu (kuzinto eziphilayo). Ekuqaleni, esikhundleni sokusebenzisa umanyolo wezinto eziphilayo, kungcono ukhethe umhlaba ovunde kakhulu ukuze uhlanganise zonke izidingo zawo futhi, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, faka umanyolo.

Ukufingqa, nawu umehluko phakathi kwebhodwe nengadi:

• Imbiza yesithombo: I-substrate yesiko jikelele exutshwe ne-30% perlite.
• Igceke: evundile, enamanzi amahle.

Ukunisela

Njalo ezinsukwini ezi-2 ehlobo, futhi njalo ngezinsuku ezi-4-5 unyaka wonke.

Isihlahla sikatamatisi isitshalo ukuthi ayikubekezeleli nakancane isomiso. Ngakho-ke, uma ufuna ukutshala engadini yakho, kufanele ukhumbule ukuthi isimo sezulu esomile nomhlabathi ongavundile kuyinto embi kakhulu ongayinika.

Uma uhlala endaweni enesimo sezulu esibandayo noma esishisayo, kodwa enomswakama ozungezile, unganciphisa ukuchelela kuphela uma ukudinga noma ubona ukuthi inhlabathi iyoma.

Kodwa uma usendaweni efudumele, khona-ke ingozi ingcono ukuqhubeka ukugwema ukuhlupheka ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamanzi. Eqinisweni, kuyatuswa kulesi sitshalo ukuthi kusetshenziswe isistimu yokunisela nge-drip noma i-exudation ukuze ihlale ingashintshi (futhi ngaleyo ndlela igweme le nkinga).

Umbhalisile

Kusukela entwasahlobo kuze kube sekupheleni kwehlobo ngomanyolo wemvelo.

El Utamatisi wasePeru udinga imisoco eminingi, futhi yingakho obhalisile ebaluleke kangaka.

Ochwepheshe batusa ukuthi ukuvundiswa kokuqala kufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi kokutshala engadini noma embizeni. Ngokuqondile, kufanele ulungise isikhala bese ufaka umanyolo, kodwa ngaphandle kwesitshalo. Khona-ke kufanele uhambe phakathi kwamasonto amabili kuya kwangu-2 ngaphambi kokuyitshala ngoba ngaleyo ndlela umanyolo unamaminerali futhi uzuza imiphumela engcono.

Ngemva kokuyitshala kungenziwa kusukela entwasahlobo kuya ehlobo, nakuba abanye bethi kufanele ivundiswe njalo ezinyangeni ezi-3-6 nge-organic matter ezungeze isitshalo, futhi uma kungenzeka ixube nomhlabathi ongaphezulu kakhulu. Khumbula ukuthi izimpande zikatamatisi wesihlahla zikha phezulu futhi zizobe ziseduze nalowo manyolo.

Izihlahla

Imvamisa, ukuthenwa kwe-tamarillo kuyehla kube kokukodwa ukulungiswa njalo. Lesi sihlahla kufanele sibe nomqhele ophansi kanye nesimo sengilazi, ngakho-ke kuzodingeka usithene izikhathi eziningana unyaka wonke.

Lapho isifanekiso sisencane, sizokhula ngokushesha okukhulu. Kodwa esigabeni saso somuntu omdala sinciphisa (ngoba sibeka izithelo kuqala) ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi izikhathi ezingu-1-2 ngonyaka zanele.

Izinhlupho nezifo

Kulokhu kuzodingeka ubeke inkulungwane amehlo phezu izimpukane izithelo kanye nezintwala ngoba ziyizilokazane ezimbili ezibathinta kakhulu. Ukuxazulula inkinga, kungcono ukusebenzisa amafutha e-neem esitshalweni futhi uzoqeda inkinga.

Ukuphindaphinda

Por imbewu entwasahlobo. Ukuhlwanyela okuqondile embhedeni wembewu.

Eqinisweni, i-tamarillo ingaphinda iphindwe ngokusikwa, kodwa ukuhlwanyela okunikeza imiphumela engcono kakhulu.

Ukwenza lokhu, kufanele uthole i-tamarillo ngoba isithelo sayo ngasinye sinembewu ephakathi kuka-300 no-500.

Lezi, ezitshalwe endaweni yembewu, noma ezweni elifanayo, zinezinga eliphezulu lokuhluma, ngakho ngeke ube nenkinga. Noma kunjalo, sikunikeza izinyathelo:

• Lungiselela umbhede wembewu nomhlabathi onomsoco futhi ogcina umswakama.
• Khipha imbewu esithelweni. Kuzodingeka uzishiye engilazini noma esitsheni esinamanzi izinsuku ezi-2 ukuze zibole futhi ziqede izicubu ezithambile (lezo ezivala imbewu) ngoba ngale ndlela sizogwema izinkinga zokuhluma.
• Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbili ungawahlunga futhi uwahlanze. Kungcono ukuwabeka ku-napkin bese usebenzisa enye phezulu ukuze usule.
• Uma usunazo ungazifaka emibhedeni yembewu, uzichelele ngesifutho bese ulinda ukuthi ziqhume.
• Izitshalo kufanele zishiywe endaweni yembewu zize zibe ngu-5cm ubude. Ngaleso sikhathi kufanele uzitshale ezimbizeni ezingabodwana okungenani amalitha ama-5. Kuzodingeka ugcwalise nge-substrate enhle.
• Kunjalo, qaphela lapho uwaphatha ngoba ama-specimens athambile kakhulu futhi angaphuka kalula.
• Kufanele ubeke ibhodwe endaweni enomthunzi kuze kube yilapho ifinyelela ku-50 cm, lapho unganquma ukuthi uyitshale yini emhlabathini noma uyihambise kwenye ibhodwe.

Isibindi

Izwela emakhazeni. Izinga lokushisa elincane eliyisekelayo ngu-10ºC. Njengoba ikhetha umthunzi nokukhanya okuphansi, ingagcinwa endlini.

Ucabangani nge-tamarillo?