I-Endive, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-curly chicory, iyimifino esetshenziswa kakhulu kumasaladi ngoba iqukethe izakhi eziningi ezizuzisa kakhulu kithi, njenge-cobalt, insimbi, i-magnesium ne-zinc. Futhi banezakhiwo eziningi ezinjengokukhanukela ukudla, izivuseleli zesifiso sokudla, ukuhlanza, i-diuretic, i-laxative, eqabulayo kanye ne-tonic. Ngaphezu kwama-multivitamins afana namavithamini A, B1, B2, C no-K. Lezi yizizathu ezenza abantu abaningi bazibuze ukuthi kanjani tshala i-escarole.
Ngalesi sizathu, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele ukuthi ungayitshala nini futhi kanjani i-escarole nokuthi yiziphi izici okufanele uzicabangele.
Izidingo zokutshala i-escarole
Ukushisa
Njengeklabishi, i-escarole ibekezelela amazinga okushisa aphansi kangcono kunamazinga aphezulu okushisa. Izinga lokushisa lizoba phakathi kobukhulu obungu-30 ºC kanye nobuncane obungu-6 ºC, nakuba i-escarole ikwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa ehle aze afike ku-6 ºC. Esikweni, ngesikhathi sokukhula, I-14-18ºC iyadingeka emini kanye no-5-8ºC ebusuku.
- Enhliziyweni ye-endive, i-10-12ºC iyadingeka emini kanye no-3-5ºC ebusuku.
- Izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi akufanele lehle ngaphansi kuka-6-8°C.
- Izinga lokushisa elidingekayo ukuhluma kungama-22-24ºC izinsuku ezingama-2-3.
Umswakama
Ngenxa yokuthi uhlelo lwempande ye-endive luncane kakhulu uma luqhathaniswa nezingxenye zasemoyeni, luzwela kakhulu ukuntuleka komswakama futhi alukwazi ukubekezelela izikhathi zesomiso, nakuba zifushane, njengoba zibangela "ukushiswa kwethiphu" futhi zithanda "izimbali".
Ngakho-ke, emhlabathini wokuqala ongu-30 cm, umswakama womhlabathi kufanele uhlale usondele ku-60% womthamo wayo wensimu. Umswakama owedlulele wemvelo uthanda ukubonakala kwezifo.
Imvamisa
Umhlabathi ongcono kakhulu walesi sitshalo yilowo onobumba-loam. Isekela i-asidi kangcono kune-alkalinity. I-pH elungile iphakathi kuka-6 no-7. Incamela i-asidi kune-alkalinity. Umhlabathi ophakathi kwesitshalo sonke kufanele ugcinwe umanzi, nakuba ungqimba olungaphezulu kufanele lubonakale lomile ukuvimbela ukubola kwentamo.
Izinyathelo zokutshala i-escarole
Umjikelezo wezitshalo ze-endive mude kancane futhi awuchazwanga kangako, njengoba ukusika kunganwetshwa kakhulu noma ngaphansi, kuye ngesisindo esifunekayo, izidingo zemakethe ngisho nokuhleleka komsebenzi wasepulazini.
Kuqala umhlabathi uzolungiswa, ikakhulukazi endabeni yenhlabathi egcwele amanzi. Ngokulandelayo, imisele izoqhubeka futhi ekugcineni umshini we-ridge uzophawula indawo yezitshalo, ngaphandle kokwenza imisele emincane yokufaka i-dripper uma kusetshenziswa ukuchelela kwendawo.
Ukutshala enkulisa kwenziwa ngokuzenzakalelayo kusetshenziswa imbewu ye-pelletized. Izithombo zizohlala enkulisa phakathi kwezinsuku ezingama-30 nezingama-35. Kuzosetshenziswa amathreyi e-polystyrene angu-260-unit Zizobekwa ekamelweni elinebanga lokushisa elingu-20-25ºC.
Kamuva, amathreyi adluliselwa ku-greenhouse ene-antithrips mesh ukuvimbela ukudluliselwa kwegciwane. Amathileyi azolashelwa ukulawula izinambuzane nezifo.
Ukufakelwa kuvame ukwenziwa mathupha, nakuba ukusetshenziswa kwama-transplanters kusanda kuqala. escarole ingafakwa emigqeni eyodwa noma emibili enendawo engama-30 kuya ku-40 cm phakathi kwezitshalo. Ukuminyana kokutshala kuvame ukuba phakathi kuka-45.000 no-55.000 wezitshalo/ha.
Ukunisela kanye nomquba
Ngesonto lokuqala emva kokufakelwa kabusha, kunconywa ukusebenzisa isistimu ephathwayo yokuchelela ngokuchelela. Esigabeni sokuqala sokumila kwesitshalo, umswakama womhlabathi kufanele ugcinwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumila kwezimpande nokuthuthukiswa kwezimpande.
Ukuvama kokunisela kuncike ohlotsheni lwenhlabathi, usawoti wamanzi kanye nezimo zezulu. Ngokuvamile, nisela njalo ezinsukwini ezi-1-2, ngaphandle kwenhlabathi enesihlabathi lapho kufanele unisele izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa ngosuku.
Uhlelo lokunisela luzoba yinto yokuqala ekuseni noma ntambama.Uma liniselwa esimweni sezulu esishisayo, kungase kwenzeke ukungafani, okubangela ukuphuzi kwamaqabunga kanye nokukhubazeka kwezitshalo.
Endabeni yokutshalwa kwe-greenhouse, ukuvundiswa kuzoncika esitshalweni ngaphambi nangemuva kwe-ulethisi. 3 kg/m2 kamanyolo obolile kahle angahlinzekwa uma izitshalo ziwudinga, akudingekile uma isitshalo esandulele i-endive sesivundisiwe.
Umanyolo ojwayelekile wesisekelo uqukethe ama-50 g/m2 womanyolo oyinhlanganisela 8-15-15, nakuba lokhu ngokuvamile akudingekile ezindlini zokugcina izithombo njengoba i-endive ngokuvamile iyisitshalo sesibili sokugcwalisa okusanhlamvu.
Kuyisitshalo esinezidingo eziphezulu ze-potassium. Ekuniseleni amandla adonsela phansi, izinga lokufakwa komanyolo we-mulch lilinganiselwa ku-3 g/m2 we-nitrogen ekucheleni ngakunye, futhi akwenzeki ukuthi adlule ku-10 g/m2. Uma ukuchelela kungadingeki, umanyolo we-foliar ungasetshenziswa lapho izitshalo zidinga ukufaka i-nitrogen.
Ukuba mhlophe lapho utshala i-escarole
Ukulawulwa kokhula kufanele kwenziwe ngendlela edidiyelwe ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela wemvelo wokuqeda ukhula. Ekutshalweni kwe-endive ukulwa nokhula lwaminyaka yonke, i-Propyzamide 40% inconywa njengokumiswa okugxilile kumthamo we-1,75-3,75 l/ha.
Ku-escarole, inhloso ukwenza amahlamvu abe bleach futhi anciphise ukufutheka kwawo. I-Blanching ingenziwa ngezindlela eziningana, kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni lwe-ulethisi:
- Endabeni ye-chicory enkulu egobile, Kwenziwa ngokubopha amaqabunga angaphandle nge-raffia, i-esparto nanoma iyiphi enye impahla.
- Ku-chicory encane ye-curly, yenziwa kusetshenziswa insimbi ehlanekezelwe.
- Ukuze uthole i-endive enamahlamvu angenalutho, i-blanch ngokugoqa iqabunga ngalinye ngaphakathi ukuze wenze "uhlobo lwekhanda," elicindezelwa ndawonye ukwenza isikhungo samaqabunga amhlophe. Uma izingxenye zekhwalithi ephezulu zidingeka kulolu hlobo, Zingabuye zilungiswe phansi kusetshenziswa isembozo se-polyethylene esimhlophe esihlanekezelwe ngezinduku zensimbi.
- Ungakwazi futhi ukumboza noma ukuthunga izitshalo ngamashidi epulasitiki abanzi kakhulu noma amancane.
Njengoba ubona, ukutshala i-escarole kudinga inhlabathi, ukuchelela kanye nezidingo zokunakekelwa okufanele kuhlangatshezwane nazo uma sifuna ukuba nesivuno esihle. Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokutshala i-escarole, izici zayo nokuthi ungayitshala nini.