Ubhontshisi beFava ngamakhambi amahle kakhulu: banesilinganiso sokukhula esisheshayo futhi futhi bazala kakhulu. Azidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ngakho-ke ziyisilimo esifanele abaqalayo, ngisho nalabo abangenalo ulwazi lokunakekelwa kwezitshalo.
Zingatshalwa zombili ezimbizeni nasemhlabathini njengoba ukuphakama kwazo kungadluli imitha elilodwa nohhafu, okungaba izaba zokuhlobisa noma yiliphi ikhona. Futhi kuyadingeka ukusho lokho ube nenani eliphezulu lokuhlobisa 😉.
Izici zebhontshisi zeFava
Ubhontshisi obanzi, ogama lakhe lesayensi ngu ubhontshisi, yizitshalo ezikhuphukayo ze-herbaceous zomjikelezo waminyaka yonke, okungukuthi, ngonyaka ziyahluma, zikhule, ziqhakaze, zithele izithelo futhi ekugcineni zife. Zidabuka eMiddle East, ezomndeni wezitshalo iLeguminosaceae (imidumba). Zinezinto eziqondile nezimile, ezineziqu eziqinile. Amaqabunga ayashintshana, ahlanganiswe futhi ahlanganiswa.
I-Las izimbali zinamakha, inkulu, ifinyelela ku-4cm, inamacembe amhlophe anezindawo ezinsomi, onsomi noma amnyama. Ziyi-hermaphrodites, okungukuthi, zombili izitho zokuzala zabesilisa nabesifazane zisembali eyodwa. I- isithelo legume ubude obulinganisiwe buphakathi kuka-10 no-30cm. Ngaphakathi kunezinhlamvu eziphakathi kuka-2 no-9 ezihlelwe zilandelana.
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, okulandelayo okusetshenziswa kakhulu:
- I-Aguadulce: iziqu ziyi-violet, izithelo zinkulu futhi zinde futhi imbewu inombala kakhilimu.
- kakhuluhoney: zinosayizi ophakathi nendawo, iziqu ezibomvu, nembewu enekhilimu ethosiwe.
- Indlovukazi yaseBlackberry: imbewu yayo ibubende.
Zikhula kanjani?
Uzizwe uthanda ukutshala ubhontshisi we-lima? Uma kunjalo, lapho-ke sichaza konke odinga ukukwazi ukuze ube nesivuno esihle kakhulu:
Ukuhlwanyela
Imbewu kabhontshisi ebanzi Kunconywa ukuwahlwanyela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kungaba ebhodweni noma ngqo emhlabathini. Sazise ukuthi singaqhubeka kanjani esimweni ngasinye:
Okubunjiwe
- Into yokuqala okufanele siyenze ukugcwalisa imbiza engaba ngu-13-15cm ububanzi ngomkhathi okhulayo wendawo yonke.
- Okulandelayo, sibeka imbewu eyodwa noma ezimbili zobhontshisi obanzi ebusweni be-substrate, bese sizingcwaba ngo-1cm.
- Ngemuva kwalokho, sinisela kahle, sishiya inhlabathi imanzi kahle.
- Ekugcineni, sibeka ibhodwe ngaphandle, endaweni lapho lithola khona ilanga ngqo.
Lapho izimpande zikhula ziphuma ezimbotsheni zamanzi, kuzoba yisikhathi sokuzihambisa ezimbizeni ezinobubanzi obukhulu, njenge-30-35cm.
Engadini
- Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, kubalulekile ukuthi silungise umhlabathi. Ngalokhu, kunconywa ukuthi uhambe nge-rototiller noma i-motor hoe ukushiya inhlabathi ivulekile.
- Okulandelayo, kufanele siwasuse amatshe, amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka.
- Ngemuva kwalokho silinganisa inhlabathi nge-rake.
- Manje, sifaka umanyolo ngomanyolo ophilayo, njenge-worm humus ngokwesibonelo, uthele ungqimba u-5-7cm ubukhulu.
- Siphindela emuva ekuklameni.
- Ngemuva kwalokho, senza ama-grooves ngokujula kwe-5cm, sishiya ibanga eliphakathi kwawo phakathi kwe-60cm.
- Sibeka abafundisi ukuze baqondise ukukhula kwabo.
- Sisabalalisa imbewu sizama ukushiya cishe ibanga elingu-30cm phakathi kwabo.
- Simboza ngenhlabathi.
- Ekugcineni siyanisela.
Zizoqhakaza ngokushesha okukhulu, ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-15.
Isondlo
Lapho sesithole indawo yethu yobhontshisi, kufanele siqhubeke nokuyinakekela ukuze ikwazi ukuqhubeka ikhule futhi ikhiqize, lapho isikhathi sifika, izithelo eziningi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele wenze okulandelayo:
- Ukunisela: ukuchelela kufanele kube njalo, ikakhulukazi lapho kuqhakaza futhi kuthela izithelo. Gwema ukuvumela inhlabathi ukuthi yome ngokweqile.
- Umbhalisile: kuyo yonke isizini kufanele akhokhelwe ngamanyolo ophilayo, njengomquba uma esemhlabathini, noma nge-guano engamanzi uma esemabhodweni.
- Izihlahla: Amaqabunga amasha kufanele asuswe ezihlokweni eziyinhloko uma imidumba seyakhiwe. Lokhu kuzobavumela ukuthi bavuthwe ekuqaleni futhi, ngeshwa, kunciphise ubungozi bokuhlaselwa yizintwala.
- Ukuvuna: imidumba iyavunwa ngaphambi kokoma, ezinsukwini ezingama-70 noma ezingama-90 ngemuva kokuhlwanyela.
Yiziphi izinambuzane nezifo ezingaba nazo?
Yize kuyizitshalo ezingazweli, inochungechunge lwezitha okufanele zilawulwe:
Izinambuzane
- I-aphid emnyama: zibekwa ekugcineni kweziqu nasezimbalini. Ilwa neMalation noma iMenazón.
- Sitone: ibhungane elidla amaqabunga. Iphathwa ngeCarbaril.
- I-Lixus: wubhungane osibungu sawo sinqume isiqu sezitshalo. Ilashwa ngeTrichlorfon noma ngeLindane.
- Uhambo ipea: kushiya amahlamvu esiliva kukhubazeke imidumba. Zingalawulwa kahle ngokubeka izingibe ezinamathelayo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ekuphakameni kwezitshalo.
Izifo
- Isikhunta: kubangela ukuvela kwamabala akhanyayo emaqabungeni. Ilashwa ngeManeb, Zineb noma ngenhlanganisela yeBordeaux.
- Roya: kubangela ukuvela kwamabala ansundu / abomvu emaqabungeni. Iphathwa ngoZineb noma uManeb.
- Isifo se-Sclerotia- Ibangela amaqabunga neziqu ukuthi kube nesikhunta esimhlophe esikotini esibangela ukubola Iphathwa nge-TMTD.
- IJopo: kuyisitshalo semithi, njengawo wonke ama-parasites, esondla izakhamzimba esizintshontsha esitshalweni, okubangela ukuba buthakathaka futhi sife kungekudala. Alikho ikhambi elisebenza ngokumelene nalo. Ukuphela kwento engenziwa ukuvimbela ukwanda kwazo ukushintshanisa izitshalo nokucekela phansi amajopo ngaphambi kokuthi zithele izithelo.
Ukusetshenziswa nezindawo zobhontshisi wefava
Ubhontshisi obanzi ingasetshenziswa njengesitshalo sokuhlobisa. Banombala oluhlaza omuhle kakhulu, nezimbali ezihlobisa kakhulu ukuze babukeke kahle kuvulandi noma ithala. Kepha, ngaphandle kokungabaza, ukusetshenziswa kwayo okusabalele kakhulu kupheka. Ungadla yomibili imidumba nembewu, futhi kumnandi kokubili kusanda kusobho, noma kuphekwe.
Ubuwazi ukuthi anezinto zokwelapha? Izimbali zayo ezifakiwe zi-diuretic, ziyahlanza futhi zinganciphisa izimpawu zezifo ze-rheumatic. Imbewu yayo isiza ekwehliseni amazinga e-cholesterol, ngoba anciphisa futhi aqede amafutha akhona emithanjeni.
Futhi ngalokhu siqeda ubhontshisi okhethekile. Ngabe unesibindi sokuzihlakulela?