Ezintweni eziphilayo kunobudlelwano obuningi phakathi kwezitshalo nezilwane. Kukhona nokuxhumana phakathi kwabo, ngamagciwane, isikhunta nezinye izinto eziphilayo. Konke kuhlobene ngokusebenzisa ibhalansi eyinkimbinkimbi. O-lichen nabo badinga lobu budlelwano ukuze baphile. Empeleni, ubulelesi yizinto eziphilayo eziwumphumela we-symbiosis phakathi kwesikhunta ne-alga.
Yiziphi izimo ezithanda kakhulu ukuthi ubulembu bukhule kahle?
Ubulembu nemvelo
Ondlebende emvelweni baphila ngokubambisana nezinye izinhlobo zezinto futhi balungiswa yizinto zemvelo ezizungezile. Ukukhula kwayo kanye nokwakheka komzimba kuhamba kancane futhi kulungiswe isimo sezulu kanye ne-substrate lapho zitholakala khona. Lezi zinto zemvelo yizinto zokulungisa isimo ngesikhathi sempilo yobulembu futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, yizo ezimaka ukuhambisana okukhona phakathi kwezakhi ze-Syciosis.
Kuyaziwa ngokusondelana kwamanye amachaphazelo okunqwabelana kwamaminerali athile awakhipha emadwaleni noma enhlabathini. Lokhu kungasebenza njenge-bioindicator yenhlabathi enamadiphozithi athile we-mineralogical.
Njengoba ngike ngaphawula phambilini, kunjalo izici zezemvelo ezinesimo sesimo nempilo yobulembu. Ubudlelwano phakathi kwezimila nezimila zobulembu buyahluka ngokuya ngesimo sendawo ezitholakala kuso, isimo sezulu, izici ze-substrate noma ithonya elenziwa ezinye izidalwa eziphilayo kuzo.
Izici ze-Abiotic ezibeka impilo yempungushe
Izici ze-Abiotic yilabo abangenakho ukuphila futhi lokho kunquma izici ekwakhiweni kobulembu, okungukuthi, izinto ezifana nenhlabathi, idwala, isimo sezulu, ithambeka, njll.
I-substrate
Isici sokuqala se-abiotic esibeka impilo yenyathi endaweni engezansi lapho bakhula khona. Ama-lichen ayakwazi ukukhula kuzo zonke izinhlobo ze-substrates ezinjengamaminerali, amagxolo, izinkuni ezifile, amaqabunga ... kanye ngisho nasezifundeni ezingekho emthethweni njengeplastiki.
Ukuthungwa kwe-substrate nakho kubhekwa njengesimo sokumiswa ekwakhiweni nasekuthuthukisweni kobulembu, ngoba kuncike ekutheni ngabe ama-crust mancane, athambile, aqinile, abushelelezi, anemifantu lapho umswakama ugxile kakhulu, njll. Endabeni yamatshe, kufanele kubhekwe ukuthi aqinile, anezimbotshana ... noma inhlabathi uma inesihlabathi, ibumba, iqinile, izinzile, njll.
Lezi zinto zibeka isimo sokwakhiwa kobulembu njengoba kuzovumela ukufakwa okulula noma bazogcina amanzi isikhathi eside noma esifushane.
Ukwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali kanye ne-pH
Ukwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali kwe-substrate, ezimweni eziningi, imbangela eyisisekelo yokuthi kungani izinhlobo ezithile zobulembu zingatholwa noma zingatholakali ezingxenyeni ezinesimo esifanayo somzimba. Isibonelo, inhlabathi e-siliceous ibamba izimbali ezihluke kakhulu kunenhlabathi enothe ngama-carbonates kanye ne-gypsum.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-pH iyisici okufanele sicatshangelwe, ngoba, ngokuya nge-asidi ye-substrate, bazoba nomthelela noma ngeke babathonye olele.
Isimo sezulu
Isimo sezulu singesinye sezici esinomthelela omkhulu ekwakhiweni kobulembu. Ngokwesibonelo, insolution, amazinga okushisa, umbuso wemvula yizici zokubeka isimo ekuphenduleni kwezitshalo nemiphakathi ehlala endaweni, kepha ikakhulukazi esimweni sobulembu.
Amanzi nokushisa
Amanzi nawo anesici esinqumayo ekusabalaliseni ubulembu. Amanzi ahlangana ngqo imisebenzi ebalulekile yobulembu. Ngokuya ngamanzi nomswakama wemvelo kanye ne-substrate lapho ikhula khona, ingakhula kangcono noma ibe yimbi kakhulu.
Izinga lokushisa liyisici esikhulu esinqumayo ekusatshalalisweni kobulembu, njengoba linethonya eliqinile ekuguqulweni komzimba. Izinhlobo zezintaba eziphakeme zinezindawo ezahlukahlukene zokubekezelelana kulezo ezisogwadule olushisayo. Kepha le nto futhi isebenza ngokungaqondile ekutholakaleni kwamanzi, lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya ozungezile noma le-substrate liphakama, ukulahleka kwamanzi ngokushesha kusuka kubulembu.
Umoya
Umoya ukuguquguquka kwe-abiotic enemiphumela engaqondile kuma-lichen. Isibonelo, ezindaweni lapho umbuso womoya unamandla khona, usebenza ngesimo se-hydration ubulembu ngenxa yomphumela okhukhumezayo nowomshini womoya wejubane elikhulu.
Izici zebhayoloji ezinesimo sempilo yobulembu
Sibonile ukuthi izici ze-abiotic zihlobene kakhulu nobulembu futhi zibeka impilo yazo emvelweni. Kodwa-ke, ezinhlelweni zemvelo lapho kukhula ubulembu, ezinye izinto eziphilayo ezifana bayimifino, izilwane ngisho nabantu, ukuthi ngokungangabazeki zinomthelela ezindaweni ezifanayo zokuhlala futhi ziguqule izimo zazo zamakhemikhali ngokomzimba.
Ukuba khona kolunye uhlobo lwe-lichen oluzohlala phakathi komphakathi ofanayo, kudala ukuncintisana ngendawo nezinsizakusebenza. Lezo zinhlobo ezinokuzivumelanisa nesimo sazo noma ku-physiology yazo ezanele ngokwanele ukuba ziphile ezimweni zemvelo, zizoba namandla amakhulu okukoloni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kucatshangelwe ukuthi labo bobulembu abanamazinga aphezulu okubekezelelana kwezinye izici, bangaphila kangcono.
Ihlathi elikhiqiza umthunzi nodoti yizinto ezingezinhle ngobulembu. Kungakho ubulembu buningi kakhulu futhi bunenani elikhulu lezinhlobo ezindaweni lapho izigaba zezitshalo ziyahlehla. Lezi zimo zidala izikhala ezinhle ngokwengeziwe zokufakwa nokuthuthuka kwayo. Njengoba ubulembu buyizinto zasendulo, abanamandla amancane okuncintisana futhi bazobusa kuphela kulezo zindawo lapho ezinye izitshalo zincane kakhulu.
Ama-lichen, ngenxa yokuthuthuka kwawo kancane, ngokujwayelekile azikwazi ukusinda ezigabeni ezihambayo noma eziguqukayo, njengoba kwenzeka ngamatshe amaningi anesihlabathi kanye nenhlabathi ethile. Ngalesi sizathu, ezindaweni ezinesihlabathi noma ezinamatshe amnandi bahlala ezitshalweni ezifile, ikakhulukazi iziphunzi, okokubola kwezitshalo noma ubulembu. Ubulembu bomhlaba bungahlala kuphela esihlabathini noma emadwaleni ngenxa yamakhemikhali athile nobulembu obusiza ukuhlanganisa inhlabathi.
Yimiphi imisebenzi ethinta ulele?
Ubulembu bangabakhiqizi abakhulu kanti ezinye izilwane ziyazifaka ekudleni kwazo. Eziningi zalezi zilwane zikhiqiza ukuncika kotshani ekudleni kwazo, njengoba kwenzeka kwezinye izinambuzane, izibungu nezilwane ezincelisayo ezinjengezimvu nezimbuzi ezincike kuzo ekudleni kwazo ebusika kuma-taiga nase-tundras.
Ukudla emadlelweni kungumsebenzi othinta kabi ubulelesi. Bakha futhi bathande ukuthuthukiswa kotshani obungapheli, ezisusa inqwaba yabantu noma zibashiya behlukaniswe kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ngumuntu okuthi, ngemisebenzi yakhe, athinte kakhulu ubulembu futhi abeke izinhlobo ezithile, usuku ngalunye nezindawo zokusabalalisa ezincane, engcupheni yangempela yokuqothulwa.
Ukuguquka komhlaba wonke ezimeni zasemkhathini kanye nokungcoliswa kwe-troposphere ngokukhishwa kwamagesi nezinhlayiya eziqinile ezivela ezikhungweni zasemadolobheni nasezimbonini, kunethonya elibi kakhulu kubulembu esikhathini eside ngaphambi kokuthi ezinye izidalwa eziphilayo zibonise izimpawu zokuthinteka. Ukugawulwa kwemithi okukhulu nokungakhethi, ukushisa, izinkwali, izimayini ezivulekile, njll. Lezi ngezinye zezinto ezifakiwe emsebenzini wamanje we-anthropic futhi lapho izindawo eziningi ezisekela ukukhula okujwayelekile kobulembu zichithwa khona.