Phakathi kwemisebenzi ebalulekile yezidalwa eziphilayo ukuzala. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokukhiqiza njengoba zenziwa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sinokukhiqiza ngokocansi okwenzeka ngokubamba iqhaza kwamageyimu futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi sinokukhiqizwa kwe-asexual. I- ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-asexual ezitshalweni itholakala ngendlela ejwayelekile kwazise ingakwenza. Inezici ezithile ezikhethekile nezinhlobo ngokuya ngohlobo lwesitshalo esihlaziya ngaso.
Ngakho-ke, kule ndatshana sizokutshela konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nokuzala kwe-asexual ezitshalweni nokuthi ziyini izici zayo.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kobulili ezitshalweni
Okokuqala kunakho konke ukwazi ukuthi yini ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-asexual ezitshalweni. Ukukhiqizwa kobulili obufanayo noma okwezitshalo okwenzeka ezilwaneni ezithile, ezitshalweni nakwezinye izinto eziphilayo kwenziwa yi ukuhlukaniswa kwamaseli noma ingxenye yomzimba womuntu othuthukile, futhi ngenqubo ye-mitosis kungenziwa enye into elinganayo ngokwezakhi zofuzo. Lolu hlobo lokuzala lungaqhutshwa esimweni somzali ongayedwa, ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza kwamaseli ezocansi noma ama-gametes kule nqubo.
Lolu hlobo lokukhiqiza luwukuphela kwendlela yokuzala ezakhiweni ezilula (njengamagciwane). Phakathi kwabo, kunenqubo yokuqhekeka noma ukwahlukaniswa kanambambili lapho amaseli esiqu ahlukana abe amaseli amabili noma ngaphezulu. Kuma-yeast nefungus eneseli elilodwa, Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi yi-budding bese kwakhiwa ihlumela elincane futhi likhule emzimbeni womama lize lihlukane. Kwezinye izilwane ezindala ezinamaseli amaningi, njengezipanji noma ama-capsule, ukwahlukana nakho kwenziwa ngamahlumela.
Ukwehlukaniswa kwamaseli noma i-mitosis eyenzeka ezilwaneni eziphakeme kufana kakhulu nenqubo yokusika, kepha akubhekwa njengendlela yokuzala kabusha ngokocansi. Phakathi kwezitshalo, Kungenzeka ukubuka izindlela zombili zokuzala kanye nezocansi. Ezitshalweni eziphakeme, ukukhiqizwa ngokobulili kwenzeka ngezimbewu, ngenkathi izindlela zokukhiqiza ze-asexual zihlukile.
Izinhlobo zokukhiqiza kabusha kwe-asexual kwezitshalo
Lolu hlobo lokuphindaphinda lungenza izinhlaka nezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuzala. Kunezinqubo ezahlukahlukene zokukhiqiza kabusha kwe-asexual ezitshalweni ezibangela izinhlobo ezahlukene ukuthi zikhona. Ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi lezi zinhlobo zokukhiqiza kabusha:
- Izitebele: Iziqu ezincanyana, ezacile zakha inhlabathi, zakha izimpande ngezikhala ezibanzi zezimpande. Ngemuva kwalokho bazokhiqiza abantu abasha.
- Ama-Rhizomes: Ziyiziqu ezinokukhula okungapheli futhi zikhula ngaphansi komhlaba. Kule ntuthuko, bagcina benikeza olunye uhlobo lwezimpande ezaziwa njengezimpande zokuzijabulisa. Bayagqama ngoba yibo abaphethe ukutshala izitshalo ezintsha.
- Ukusika: Yizingxenye noma izingcezu zesiqu ezikhiqiza abantu abasha. Ngalesi sizathu, ama-drill cuttings kufanele angcwatshwe emhlabathini futhi angalashwa ngamahomoni.
- Ubuciko: Kuqukethe ukufaka amahlumela emiseleni eyakhiwe ngeziqu zezitshalo zokuhluma. Lokhu kuyinto ejwayelekile kakhulu yezihlahla zezithelo.
- Amaqabunga nezimpande- Kwezinye izinhlobo, kukhona amaqabunga angabamba iqhaza ekukhiqizeni imifino. Kulokhu, izitshalo zizokhula emaqabungeni aze akhule ngokugcwele futhi angahlukaniswa. Zase ziwela phansi zaqala ukumila. Lokhu kwenzeka nakwezinye izihlahla.
- UkuhlukumezaIzidalwa zakha izinhlamvu, izinhlamvu zincane futhi kulula ukusabalalisa, lapho kutholakala izimo ezinhle, kukhiqizwa ezintsha. Ukwakhiwa kwespore kuyisici esijwayelekile sama-ferns nobulembu.
- Basakaze: Zingamahlumela amancane aqhamuka e-thallus anekhono lokusabalalisa. Kuyinto ejwayelekile yezitshalo ze-bryophyte nama-ferns.
- I-Parthenogenesis ne-apomixis: lowo muntu uyakwazi ukunikeza imbewu ngaphandle kokukhulelwa kwe-ovule.
- Ukuqothula: Lokhu ukuhlukaniswa okungalingani, okwenziwe ngamahlumela, izigaxa noma izigaxa zesitshalo esingumama. Lezi zitshalo zingahlukaniswa nezitshalo eziyinhloko ngesikhathi sokukhula nentuthuko futhi zibe ngabantu abasha, kepha ziyalingana.
Ngokuthola izitshalo ezifanayo zofuzo, kungenzeka ukuthi kukhiqizwe izitshalo ezintsha ezivumelana nezindawo ezithile, okuyindlela esheshayo nephumelelayo. Ngakho-ke, lolu hlobo lokusakazeka Ilungele izindawo ezingakulungele ukusakazwa kwembewu.
Izibonelo
Sizonikeza izibonelo ezithile zezitshalo ezinokukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-asexual:
- Kalanchoe: wuhlobo lwesitshalo oluseqenjini lama-succulent futhi lungakhiqizwa ngezithombo. Ingaphinde ikhiqize ngezinye izingcezu ezisele zamaqabunga ayo. Le nzuzo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo iyayisiza ukuthi ikwazi ukunweba indawo yayo yokusabalalisa ezindaweni ezibanzi.
- Ama-tulips: zikhiqiza kabusha ngokweqile ngama-bulb. Ama-bulb yiziqu ezinamanzi ezikhula ngaphansi komhlaba bese ziveza izitshalo ezintsha. Lolu hlobo lokukhiqiza futhi lwenza kube lula ukwehlukanisa izitshalo.
- Amazinyo ebhubesi: zikhiqiza kabusha i-asexually ngama-apomixis noma izinhlamvu.
- ICypress: zizala ngokusebenzisa ama-apomixis awesilisa bese zakha umbungu zize zifinyelele kukhoni lesifazane elitholakala komunye umcypress.
- Izambane: yisona tuber esaziwa kakhulu ngabantu. Ingakhiqizwa futhi futhi ngokocansi ngeziqu ezingcwatshwe.
- Ulwelwe oluhlaza: Masingakhohlwa uhlobo lokuzala olune-algae. Zizalana ngezinhlamvu bese ziveza abantu abasha abafane ngokuphelele nabangaphambili.
- Umoba: ithandwa kakhulu futhi ukukhiqizwa kwayo kwenziwa ngendlela esheshayo. Ngenxa yalesi sitshalo sithola ushukela futhi bazalana emasimini ngezicucu zepulazi ngalinye. Ukusabalalisa kwayo okulula kuvumela ukuxhashazwa kwezohwebo.
- I-anyanisi: esinye sezitshalo ezixhashazwa kakhulu emhlabeni. Inentandokazi enkulu kwezentengiselwano nangokondleka kahle futhi esinye sezizathu zayo ukuzala kalula ngokusebenzisa izinsalela zempande yayo.
- Umama omubi: Yizitshalo ezisetshenziselwa ukulima ekhaya nokuhlobisa. Khiqiza abantu abasha kusuka ezimpandeni nasemagatsheni. Njengamanje kubhekwa njengesitshalo esihlaselayo. Lokhu kusho ukususa izitshalo zomdabu ze-ecosystem.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, ukukhiqizwa kwe-asexual ezitshalweni kungenzeka ngezindlela ezihlukile. Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuzala kabusha kwe-asexual ezitshalweni nasezimpawu zazo.