Esinye sezihlahla phakathi komndeni wakwaCannabaceae kanye nohlobo lweCeltis yisona i-hackberry. Isihlahla esitholakala ezindaweni ezipholile esitholakala cishe kuwo wonke amazwekazi. Yaziwa ngegama elivamile le-hackberry, kodwa nangamanye amagama afana ne-Latonero, i-Lodoño, i-Aligonero, i-Almecino, i-Lodón, i-Lidón ne-Lironero. Ziyizihlahla ezinomqhele obanzi futhi oyindilinga ngokuvamile ofinyelela kumamitha angama-25 ukuphakama. Zivame ukukhula ngokushesha kanye nempilo ende ngakho zisetshenziswa njengezihlahla zomthunzi izivande nasemigwaqweni noma emapaki omphakathi. Kufanele wazi ukuthi ukunakekelwa kwe-hackberry kuyini ukuze ikhule kahle.
Ngakho-ke, kulesi sihloko sizokutshela zonke izici nokunakekelwa kwe-hackberry.
Izici eziyinhloko
Banomqhele obanzi oyindilinga futhi zingafinyelela kumamitha angama-25 ukuphakama. Amaqabunga awo a-lanceolate, aluhlaza engxenyeni engenhla futhi asobala engxenyeni engezansi. Bakhiqiza izimbali ezincane ze-axillary futhi bakhiqize izithelo eziyisiyingi ezidliwayo.
Ziyizihlahla ezikhula ngokushesha, eziphila isikhathi eside (iminyaka engu-300 kuya kwengu-600) futhi zisetshenziswa njengezihlahla zomthunzi ezingadini, emigwaqweni yomphakathi nasemapaki. Izinkuni zayo zifaneleka kakhulu ekwenzeni amathuluzi. Ngenxa yezimpande zayo ezijulile, izihlahla zingatshalwa ngaphansi kwezinyawo zayo ukuze zinikeze umthunzi.
Itholakala eningizimu yeYurophu, enyakatho ye-Afrika nase-Asia Minor. UHackberry uhlala kulo lonke elaseMedithera, ukusuka olwandle ukuya kumamitha ayi-1.200 ngaphezu kolwandle. Ihlukaniswe nezwe ngezifufula futhi eduze nomthombo kanye nedamu (ayikaze yakhe ihlathi). Phakathi kwabalimi baseCatalan, kuyisiko ukuthi izindlalifa zomndeni zitshala i-hackberry lapho zizalwa.
I-Hackberry ingeyomndeni wakwa-Ulmus. Isihlahla esinamagatsha anobude obungamamitha angama-20 kuye kwangama-25, isiqu siqondile futhi siyindilinga, kanti amagxolo ampunga, afana ne-beech, angenazo izibazi ezisobala. Inkomishi eyindilinga ingakhula ibe yisayizi enkulu. Inamaqabunga amade, ama-ovoid noma a-lanceolate, anamazinyo emaphethelweni, iziphetho ezinde ezigobile, nezisekelo ezilinganayo.
Izithelo ezibizwa ngokuthi i-hackberry noma i-hackberry ezinama-pulp amnandi kanye ne-flavour emnandi, zisetshenziswa emithini edumile futhi zibalulekile ezilwaneni futhi zilungele ukuba izingane zizibukele futhi zizidlale. Lolu khuni lusezingeni eliphezulu futhi lusetshenziswa kabanzi, ikakhulukazi eCatalonia, lapho isetshenziselwa khona ukwenza izimfoloko. Ihlala emihosheni, emithambekeni nasezindaweni ezisogwini zemifula nemifudlana, yaziwa njengohlobo lwehlathi laseMedithera elixubile, izindlela kanye nezihlahla ze-elm, kodwa njalo esimweni sezulu esipholile.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Hackberry
Akuvamile ukuthi akhe ehlathini, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi hlobo luni lwezakhiwo zobumba, lubonakala ngaphezu kwanoma yini enhlabathini ehlanzekile evulekile. Yisihlahla esetshenziswa kabanzi ezingadini ezizimele kanye nezikahulumeni, futhi iphinde ibe isihlahla sokuhlela imigwaqo nemigwaqo. Inikeza umthunzi omuhle, ominyene. Entwasahlobo, ehlobo nasekuqaleni kwekwindla, amaqabunga awo aluhlaza aminyene ahlobisa kakhulu.
Ngisho nasebusika obungenamaqabunga, iyathandeka kakhulu. Amaqabunga aluhlaza aveza ubuhle be-hackberry, isiqu esimpunga esibushelelezi kanye namagatsha amancane angapheli akha i-canopy ebanzi awenza abe isihlahla esihle kakhulu.
Ukuhlwanyela
Nisela njalo izihlahla ezincane nezisanda kutshalwa kabusha, futhi uma sezimile emhlabathini, ukuchelela kungagcina ibanga. Izitshalo ze-hackberry zabantu abadala zingahlala isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokunisela njalo ngoba zinezimpande ezijulile, ezivumela ukuthi zifinyelele umswakama emhlabathini. I-Hackberry ikhiqiza ngembewu kanye nama-spikes, kanye nekhono layo lokukheka enhlabathini enamadwala kuyenza ibe usizo kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni nasekulondolozeni izindawo ezonakele. Izinyathelo zokutshala i-hackberry zimi kanje:
- Khetha imbewu noma izindlebe ze-hackberry bese uhlukanisa izitshalo komunye nomunye.
- Beka isivuno endaweni enelanga.
- Sebenzisa inhlabathi ye-limestone edonsa kahle.
- Nisela kanye noma kabili ngesonto ukugcina umswakama.
- Qaphela ngamagatsha ukuze ungawafaki futhi uvimbele ukukhula kwezitshalo.
Ukunakekelwa kwe-Hackberry
I-Hackberry ithanda izindawo ezipholile, eziswakeme kancane, kodwa ingamelana nesomiso kahle. Ungaphila iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-500. Ifaneleka kakhulu ekubunjweni kweqembu. Ngokungangabazeki iyona ndlela efaneleke kakhulu ezihlahleni zethunzi zasemadolobheni ezikhula kancane ngoba imelana nokungcola, ayinazo izilokazane nezifo.
Futhi, nokusimama kwayo sekubuye kwaqashelwa. I-Hackberry ingakhula ezindaweni ezinelanga nasezinhlotsheni eziningi zenhlabathi, kusukela enhlabathini eyomile, enobumba kuya enhlabathini evundile kancane. Lesi sihlahla sikhula kahle enhlabathini engenamanzi, enomswakama.
Izitshalo ezikhula enhlabathini ene-alkaline ziyathinteka ekukhuleni kwazo futhi ngokuvamile ziba mfushane futhi zihamba kancane. Lolu hlobo lwesihlahla, njenge-hackberry, lulungele izindawo zasemadolobheni ezicindezelayo ngoba zibamba kahle kule ndawo, ukuze zikhule ngokujwayelekile.
Ingasakazwa kalula ngembewu; Izinkinga lezi zinhlobo zezihlahla ezivame ukuba nazo ngesikhathi sokukhula zihlobene nekhono lamagatsha azo ukubanjwa ngesikhathi sokukhula kwesihlahla. I-Hackberry ingasakazwa futhi ngokusikwa ekwindla futhi igxilwe kuyo i-substrate yekhwalithi ephezulu equkethe isihlabathi esimahhadla ukukhuthaza ukugeleza kwamanzi. Beka ama-cuttings endaweni epholile futhi ugcine inhlabathi imanzi kuze kube yilapho izimpande.
Iqhakaza phakathi kuka-Ephreli noJuni entwasahlobo, kuye ngezinga lokushisa, izimbali zayo zincane futhi zodwa, zibonakala kancane, ngezinye izikhathi ziyi-hermaphroditic, zivela kuma-axils amaqabunga amahlumela amasha, zidlula kuma-petioles amade.
Isondlo
Ngenxa yohlobo lwesihlahla sohlobo lwe-hackberry, ayidingi ukuthenwa, kuphela lapho kudingekile futhi ayikwazi ukubekezelela ukuthenwa kwamagatsha aminyene kahle. Uma kunesidingo, kungcono ukusika amagatsha lapho eselungile bese uphatha ukusikeka noma amanxeba ezitshalweni ngemikhiqizo ye-antifungal.
I-Hackberry ingangenwa izifo eziningi ngoba ingaphansi kwengcindezi evela emvelweni, izimo zezulu noma inhlabathi. Uma ikhula endaweni enempilo, kodwa futhi ibhekene nesomiso, amakhaza noma amazinga okushisa aphezulu, izoba indawo ekahle yokuphindaphinda kwezinambuzane. Izinambuzane ezihlasela i-hackberry zihlanganisa i-fire blight kanye nokugqwala.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokunakekelwa kwe-hackberry nezici zayo.