Namuhla sizokhuluma ngokutshalwa kwe i-alfalfa emhlabeni jikelele. Imvelaphi yayo yenzeka e-Asia Minor naseningizimu yeCaucasus. Ihlanganisa amazwe anjengeTurkey, i-Iran, iSyria, i-Iraq, iPakistan ne-Afghanistan. Ukusabalala kwalesi sitshalo kwenziwa ama-Arabhu eNyakatho Afrika futhi, ngaleyo ndlela, kwaba indlela eyafika ngayo eSpain futhi yasabalala kulo lonke elaseYurophu.
Kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngokulinywa kwe-alfalfa, yiziphi ukusetshenziswa kwayo okuyinhloko nokubaluleka komnotho enakho.
Descripción
KwakungamaPheresiya aletha i-alfalfa eGrisi. Ukusuka lapha yaya e-Italy ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX BC. Kuyisitshalo esingumndeni we-legume. Igama layo lesayensi yiMedicago sativa. Isitshalo esinamaqabunga ahlala eluhlaza, simile futhi sinempilo. Inomsuka omkhulu, oqinile futhi oshukumisayo. Uma izimo zizinhle, zingaba izimpande kuze kufike kumamitha ama-5 ubude. Kusuka empandeni enkulu kulapho ezinye izimpande zesibili zihlukaniswe khona.
Inomqhele ophuma phansi futhi yilapho kuvela khona amahlumela akha iziqu. Lezi zizacile futhi zimile futhi zingasisekela ngokuphelele isisindo samaqabunga nama-inflorescence unyaka wonke. Yize zizacile, ziyahambisana. Lokhu kwenza kube isitshalo esihle sokugunda.
Ngokuqondene namaqabunga awo, angama-trifoliate. Amaqabunga okuqala anempahla efanayo. Kungemva kwalokho lapho sezithuthuke ngokuphelele. Imikhawulo yamaqabunga ibushelelezi ngokuphelele ngemiphetho engenhla ene serrated. Inezimbali eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma nsomi, nama-inflorescence ngamaqoqo azalwa ngama-axils amaqabunga.
Isithelo lesi siwumbumbulu esingenameva futhi sinembewu ephakathi kuka-2 no-6 ephuzi.
Ukubaluleka kwezomnotho kwe-alfalfa
I-Alfalfa ibaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni wonke. Isivuno esisakazeke kakhulu kuwo wonke amazwe anesimo sezulu esipholile. Ukufuya imfuyo okujulileyo yikho okuhlala kudinga ukudla okudingwa yimboni. Yile ndlela i-alfalfa ekhuliswe ngayo. Inhloso enkulu yalesi sitshalo ukuhlinzeka ngemboni yokuphakelayo.
Ukubaluleka kwe-alfalfa ukuthi kungumthombo wemvelo we-fiber, amaprotheni, amavithamini namaminerali okusebenza njengokudla kwezilwane. Iphinde isebenzele umnikelo wayo wokuba nezwe elihle kakhulu nokuba wusizo njengokulondolozwa kwezilwane zasendle ngokubenzela imvelo ebalungele. Uma i-alfalfa itshalwe enhlabathini, isiza ukunciphisa i-symbiotic nitrogen fixation ngokudinga amandla amancane. Lokhu kuyasiza ukuvumela umhlabathi "uphumule" kokubili leso sitshalo esifanayo nakulabo abeza ngemuva kwaso.
Ukulinywa kwayo kusiza futhi ekunciphiseni ukuguguleka komhlaba kanye nokuvela kwezinambuzane nezifo ezithile. ezitshalweni ezilandela ngokushintshana.
Izidingo ze-Alfalfa
Sizohlaziya izici ze-edaphoclimatic ezidinga ukuthi i-alfalfa ibe nesivuno esihle nentuthuko enhle. Into yokuqala imisebe yelanga. Ukuvezwa yilanga kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Kunomthelela omuhle ekutshalweni kwe-alfalfa, ngoba inani lamahora emisebe yelanga landa njengoba nobubanzi besifunda bancipha. Le radiation yelanga ivuna inqubo yangaphambi kokumisa ensimini ezifundeni eziseduze nenkabazwe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, njengoba sisondela ezindaweni eziningi ezisenyakatho, imisebe yelanga uqobo, njengoba incipha, yenza kube nzima ngezilimo ukuba zome.
Imbewu ye-Alfalfa ihluma emazingeni okushisa aphakathi kuka-2 no-3 degrees. Lokhu kwenzeka uma ezinye izimo zemvelo zikuvumela. Uma izinga lokushisa lenyuka, ukuhluma kuzoshesha. Yize ingahluma phakathi kwama-2 no-3 degrees, ukuze ikhule kahle, izinga lokushisa kufanele libe cishe ngama-28 nama-30 degrees. Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma amazinga okushisa eqhubeka nokukhuphuka aze afinyelele kumanani angaphezu kwama-38 degrees, kungabulala izithombo.
Lapho kuqala ubusika, bayamisa ukukhula kuze kufike intwasahlobo futhi. Lapho amazinga okushisa eqala ukwanda futhi namahora okukhanya kwelanga ekhuphuka, kungaleso sikhathi lapho ehluma khona futhi aqhubeke nokukhula. Kunezinhlobo ezithile ze-alfalfa ezikwazi ukubekezelela amazinga okushisa aphansi impela aze afike ku -10 degrees. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ziyathakazelisa ukukhula ezindaweni ezingasenyakatho ye-latitude. Amazinga okushisa aphakathi nonyaka okuzokwazi ukukhiqiza ifolishi angaba ngu-15 degrees. Ngokuya ngokuhlukahluka ngakunye kwe-alfalfa, izinga lokushisa elikhulu kuzo zonke liphakathi kwama-degree angama-18 nama-28.
i-pH nosawoti
Manje ake sikhulume nge-pH. Ngenye yezinto ezikhawulela kakhulu ekutshalweni kwe-alfalfa. Ubumuncu bomhlabathi bungaba yingozi. I-pH enhle yesitshalo ivame ukuzungeza u-7,2. Ungasebenzisa ukumiswa okuthile lapho i-pH yehlela ku-6,8. La ma-lime afaneleka kakhudlwana ukukhulisa inani lama-calcium ions emhlabathini futhi enze atholakalele ukuthi isitshalo sizisebenzise. Ngale ndlela, futhi kunciphisa ukumuncwa kwe-aluminium kanye nama-manganese, okunobuthi besitshalo.
Mayelana nosawoti, uzwela kakhulu enhlabathini enosawoti. Uphawu lokuqala lokuthi inhlabathi ingusawoti noma iyawuthinta ukuphakama kwezinye izicubu okubonakala ngazo. Kulandelwa ezinye izimpawu njengokuncishiswa kosayizi wamaqabunga futhi, lapho kuba nzima kakhulu ukukhula kwemifino kumisiwe ngokuphelele. Konke lokhu kwenzeka ngoba usawoti yiwona odala ukungalingani phakathi kwempande nengxenye yasemoyeni yesitshalo.
Akusona isitshalo esidinga kakhulu ngenhlabathi. Udinga kuphela inhlabathi ejulile ekhishwe kahle. Akusekeli ukugcwala kwamanzi. Kutshalwa ezinhlotsheni eziningi zenhlabathi. Inhlabathi engekho ngaphansi kuka-60 cm ukujula ayeluleki neze ngokulima.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi nge-alfalfa.