Igama laso botanical lithi Sambucus nigra L, ongowomndeni wakwaCaprifoliaceae, okubandakanya izihlahlana, izihlahla noma ama-liana.
Umdala yaziwa nangamanye amagama ajwayelekile njenge-sabuco, sabugo, sayugo, linsusa, canillero ne-cañilero. Singasho ukuthi lesi isihlahla esidabuka eYurophu nokuthi sethulwe abaseSpain abasiletha eMelika ngekhulu le-XNUMX.
Izici ze-Elderberry
El Umdala Inama-subspecies amabili, iSambucus peruviana neSambucus yaseMexico. Igama "Sambucus" livela esiGrekini Sambuca, okuyi Kwakuyinsimbi yomculo esetshenziswa amaRoma futhi sakhiwa ngokhuni lwalesi sihlahla, uma kufaneleka ukuba ngeso "le-nigra", elibhekisela kumbala omnyama wezithelo ezivuthiwe.
Kuyisitshalo esingamamitha ayisithupha kuya kwayi-6 ukuphakama, amaqabunga awo aphikisana, aphinile, aguquguqukayo kakhulu futhi alinganiselwa ku-20 cm kuya ku-30 cm ubude futhi ube nomphetho ovuthiwe njalo. Isiqu sawo sithambile, siwugqinsi ngamagxolo amabi namagatsha awugqinsi kanti amagxolo angaphandle aqhekekile futhi anombala onsundu ngombala.
Izimbali zinamakha futhi iqoqwe ngamaqoqo okugcina angama-15 abizwa ngama-corymbs; Imbali ngayinye, i-hermaphrodite, inamacembe amahlanu amise okwenkanyezi.
Izithelo ziyinyama, amajikijolo e-globose, alinganisa cishe u-9 cm ububanzi, zinamanzi futhi ziyadliwa. Kusuka esithelweni sawo kutholakala umbala obomvu kuya kobumnyama uma sekuvuthiwe futhi, kunalokho, uma ungakavuthwa, umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-lilac noma i-violet, unezinhlamvu ezi-3 kuye kwezi-5 lilinye.
Izingxenye ezinemisebenzi yokwelapha neyokudla yizimbali nezithelo ezivuthiwe. Ukuqapha kufanele kusetshenziswe nge I-Elderberry ngoba amagxolo ayo, amaqabunga, imbewu nezithelo ezingavuthiwe zingaba nobuthi.
Ukulima Nokuvuna i-Elderberry
I-Elderberry ingena kahle kakhulu ku- izindawo zehlathi ezinomswakama futhi simelana nesithwathwa esiqinile.
Ingasatshalaliswa yimbewu nangokukhiqizwa kabusha kwemifino, iveza ukuphikisana ngokocansi, ngakho-ke imvamisa ikhipha izimpande ezimpandeni ezikha phezulu ngokuphindaphindeka kwayo. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lokukhiqiza ukuzala ngemifino.
Intwasahlobo yisikhathi esihle kakhulu sokuvunwa kwezimbaliInqubo yabo yokomisa isemthunzini futhi kufanele igcinwe endaweni epholile, eyomile futhi emnyama, ngaphandle, izithelo kufanele ziqoqwe lapho zimnyama zilenga emagatsheni, ezisekupheleni kwehlobo noma ekuqaleni kwekwindla.
Enkulisa ukuchelela okuningi kufanele kusetshenziswe nokugcina i-substrate imanzi, kepha igwema ukweqisa. Ukuhlwanyela kungenziwa ngqo ensimini noma ngokufaka izithombo kusuka enkulisa. Kwenziwa imbobo enhlabathini ngokobukhulu besikhwama ebesisetshenziswa enkulisa.
Ukwakheka, ukusetshenziswa nezakhiwo
Umdala Ikhulelwa ukuhlobisa, ukudla, ubuciko kanye nezinjongo zokwelapha ezindaweni ezipholile nezibandayo.
Izithelo ezivuthiwe noma amajikijolo akhiwa ama-organic pigments, anthocyanins, fiber, phosphorus, glucose, fructose ne-potassium. U-50 g ngamunye wezithelo ezintsha uhlinzeka phakathi kuka-9-13 mg kavithamini C no-32.5 mg kaVitamin B. Ine-magnesium, i-zinc, i-iron ne-calcium.
Ziyizithelo zasendle ezidliwayo, isikhumba noginindela kungadliwa. Amajamu enziwa ngezithelo futhi zisetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha kuma-syrups, laxatives kanye ne-cleansers, ukunciphisa i-cholesterol nokwenza ngcono umbono, futhi inezindawo ezilusizo zokulwa nokuvuvukala kwe-neuralgia, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ubuhlungu besisu kanye ne-sciatica.
Kunconywa pheka amajikijolo ngisho kancane, ukuthuthukisa ukunambitheka kwayo nokuthuthukisa ukugaya.
Isiraphu ingalungiswa ngale ndlela elandelayo:
Ijusi lesithelo esivuthiwe liyakhishwa noma liyakhanywa bese imbewu iyaxinwa, qaphela imbewu ngoba inobuthi, bese uyashiya pheka cishe imizuzu eyi-10, lapho ipholisa iyahlanganiswa futhi igcinwe esiqandisini. Thatha izipuni ezimbili kuya kwezingu-2 ngosuku.
Ucwaningo olwenziwe e-University of Graz e-Austria, lwathola ukuthi ukukhishwa kwaleli berry, kunciphisa i-oxidation yama-lipoprotein we-cholesterol ephansi obandakanyeka ku-atherogenesis, esiza ukulwa nezifo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izithelo eziluhlaza ziqukethe umthetho onobuthi obizwa nge-sambunigrina, yingakho akufanele idliwe ize ivuthwe kahle. Ngokunjalo, lo mthetho onobuthi uvezwa ngamaqabunga, amagxolo kanye nembewu ye-elderberry.
Amaqabunga akufanele adliwe ngoba anobuthi obukhulu futhi maqondana nokusetshenziswa kwawo, kuye kwabonwa ukuthi ezitshalweni xosha amagundane, izikele nezilokazanengokufanayo, ukusha kungumuthi wokubulala izinambuzane osebenzayo.
Ekumanyelweni ingasetshenziswa njengomuthi oxosha omiyane futhi kufuthwe izitshalo kusebenza njengesivikelo kuma-aphid kanye nezibungu.
Ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane, ukulungiswa kungenziwa ngokulandelayo:
Ilitha elilodwa lamanzi no-225 g kubilisiwe. kaMdala ushiya imizuzu engama-20, hlunga bese uyeka kuphole, bese ufaka u-a isipuni samanzi noma i-powder detergent futhi ekugcineni ibekwe kwi-atomizer.
Izimbali ziyadliwa, asetshenziselwa i-gastronomy ukunambitheka futhi alungiselele ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene kuma-herbal teas, amajeli, ujamu, u-ayisikhilimu, amakhukhi noma ngokuhlanganiswa namanye amakhambi. Sekuyisikhathi eside kutholakala iwayini, lapho i-macerated iyinika iphunga elimnandi nokunambitheka okudala.
Izimbali zenziwe ngamafutha abalulekile, ama-flavonoid, ama-phenolic acid, ama-tannins, uvithamini C, namaminerali. Zinezici ze-diaphoretic futhi basebenza nge-epithelium ye-bronchial, benomthelela ocasulayo okhulisa ukukhiqizwa kwemfihlo ye-bronchioalveolar, yingakho isetshenziswa ngempumelelo ekwelapheni izinqubo ezivamile zomkhuhlane nezokulwa nomkhuhlane.
Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi i-elderberry flavonoids inayo antioxidant, anti-inflammatory kanye nezakhiwo zomzimba, ngoba lokhu kusiza ekwandiseni ukukhiqizwa kwama-cytokines kuma-monocyte, ngaleyo ndlela kukhuthaze amasosha omzimba.
Izimbali zingasetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kokhilimu abahlanzayo futhi ususe izisihla esikhunjeni.
Izimbali nezithelo kunakho izakhiwo ezibulala amagciwane nezamagciwane, isetshenziselwa i-pyorrhea, i-gingivitis ne-pharyngitis, nge-infusion ungenza ukugeza ngomlomo nokugcoba. Zisebenza ukubulala amagciwane ezilondeni noma ukudambisa ukusha.
Izimbali ngokwesiko kuthiwa zinomphumela we-galactogogue, okungukuthi kuvusa ukukhiqizwa kobisi ngenxa yokulinganisela kwamaprotheni, okufaka isandla ekunceliseni ubisi.
Izinkuni zomdala ziyamelana impela, yigugu kakhulu ekwenzeni ikhabethe nokwenziwa kwamathuluzi ezolimo. Ngenxa yobulula lapho kukhishwa khona i-pith emagatsheni, asetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwemitshingo, ama-canutillos, ama-blowpipes kanye nezinkuni zokubasa.
Ekugcineni, ukusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene okushiwo ngenhla kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukukuqinisekisa lokho el Umdala ngokwesiko isetshenziselwe izinhloso eziningi. Njengoba kungabonakala, zonke izingxenye zesihlahla zinezici ezinamandla amakhulu okusetshenziswa ngabantu.