Njengakweminye imibandela, izici, njll. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene, kwezolimo kwenzeka okufanayo. Kulokhu, kunamamodeli amaningana alokhu futhi amabili awo asetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni: ajulile futhi abanzi. Kodwa-ke, ukwazi umehluko phakathi kwezolimo eziqinile kanye nezibanzi akulula, ikakhulukazi uma ungazi ukuthi sikhuluma ngani.
Uma ufuna ukuzinikela kancane kancane kwezolimo, la magama kufanele wazi ukuthi asho ukuthini ngoba angakusiza unqume uhlobo lwendlela yokukhiqiza yezolimo ozoyenza. Sikutshela okwengeziwe ngezansi.
Ake sikhulume ngezolimo ezijulile
Ngaphambi kokuba sikwethule umehluko phakathi kwezolimo ezijulile nezibanzi, kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ukuthi ithemu ngayinye isho ukuthini.
La Ukulima okujulile kuyindlela yokukhiqiza lapho umkhiqizo wenziwa waba mkhulu esikhathini esifushane.. Okungukuthi, ifuna ukuzuza inani eliphezulu lokukhiqiza. Futhi ngenxa yalokhu, izindlela ezahlukene zisetshenziselwa le njongo. Isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa kwembewu ekhethekile, ukuchelela okukhethekile, imishini ekhethekile, umanyolo nomanyolo, imikhiqizo ye-phytosanitary kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane ...
Umgomo uwukuthi umhlaba ulinywe kabili ngonyaka; eyodwa eyentwasahlobo nehlobo; nenye ekwindla nasebusika.
Phakathi kwezinzuzo le ndlela esinika yona, akungabazeki ukuthi enye yezokuqala yiyona amathuba okwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo. Okungukuthi, ukuthola imikhiqizo eminingi ngesivuno ngasinye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zibiza kancane ngomqondo wokuthi, njengoba zishesha, zidla kancane. Futhi zidinga isikhathi esincane njengoba izitshalo zithonywa ukuba zifinyeze isikhathi sazo sokukhiqiza (ngaleyo ndlela zidela ikhwalithi).
Inkinga, oye wayiqaphela ngokuqinisekile, ukuthi lokhu kungakwazi zibe nemiphumela esikhathini esimaphakathi nesikhathi eside emhlabeni. Njengoba ugwadule kungaba njalo uma ukuxhaphaza (umhlaba ugcina usudla izakhamzimba futhi ekugcineni uyeke ukukhiqiza). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali, inhlabathi ingalimala noma ukumelana nemikhiqizo kungaqedwa, okwenza kudingeke ukuthi kusetshenziswe ezinamandla kakhulu (okungashintsha izitshalo).
Lolu hlobo lokukhiqiza kwezolimo yilona olusetshenziswa ngaphezu kwakho konke emazweni asethuthukile kanye nabalimi njengoba lufuna ukwandisa umkhiqizo ukuze bathole izitshalo eziningi kanye neholo eliqhubekayo.
Konke mayelana nezolimo ezibanzi
Uma manje sesigxile kwezolimo olubanzi, kufanele wazi ukuthi lusekelwe ku-a imodeli yokukhiqiza elandela isigqi semvelo semithombo yemvelo. Ngamanye amazwi, umjikelezo wokuphila ovamile wezitshalo uyalandelwa, kanye nomhlaba.
Kulokhu, izindlela zokukhiqiza ezisheshisa inqubo azisetshenziswa, futhi ukukhiqiza akuyona inhloso, kodwa kunalokho ikhwalithi nokunakekela imvelo.
Ukwenza, kusetshenziswa amasu emvelo (ukutshala, ukunakekela, njll.) ukuzama ukungawuthinti ngemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali futhi unikeze izitshalo isikhathi sazo ukuze zikhule ngokwemvelo (hhayi ukuzisheshisa). Ngokungasebenzisi kabi imishini, noma ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali, ingasaphathwa kabi inhlabathi, ihlala inempilo, iwuvumela ukuba ululame phakathi kokuvunwa nokukhuthaza ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo.
Okomthengi futhi Kunezinzuzo njengoba imikhiqizo efika ezitolo isezingeni eliphezulu, impilo kanye nokunambitheka. Kodwa lokho kuhlanganisa intengo ephakeme ngoba kuwukudla okungatholakali unyaka wonke futhi okuye kwadinga ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe ngesikhathi esisensimini.
Ngokufigqiwe, Izinzuzo zezolimo ezibanzi yilezi ezilandelayo:
- Akudingeki imishini eminingi, empeleni umsebenzi wezandla unqoba omakhenikha.
- Umhlabathi awudingi umsebenzi ongaka. Uma yondlekile, kufanele nje uyivumele ngesineke yenze umsebenzi.
- Izivundisi azisetshenziswa, futhi izinambuzane nezifo akufanele zilashwe (futhi uma kunjalo, kusetshenziswa izindlela zokwelapha ezingalimazi kangako nezingahlaseli).
Manje futhi Inebubi, njengokungatholi umkhiqizo ophezulu, noma ukukwazi ukuxhaphaza amasimu izikhathi ezimbili noma ngaphezulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izitshalo zithatha isikhathi eside ukuba zilungile, okusho ukuthi inzuzo encane esivunweni ngasinye.
Umehluko phakathi kwezolimo ezijulile nezibanzi
Njengoba usuyazi ukuthi iyini ezolimo ezijulile nezibanzi, kungenzeka ukuthi kucace kuwena ukuthi yini umehluko phakathi kwalokhu okubili. Kodwa uma kwenzeka, sifingqa ngezansi umehluko phakathi kwabo.
- Ukulima okujulile kusekelwe endleleni ehlaselayo, njengoba ifuna ukwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwenhlabathi futhi ngenxa yalokhu isebenzisa imithi yokwelapha ukuze ifinyelele umgomo wayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokuningi kwezolimo, izinsiza ziyahlonishwa futhi kusale isikhathi sesilimo ngasinye.
- La ezolimo ezijulile, ngenxa yalokhu kuthuthukiswa kokukhiqiza, kudinga umsebenzi nemishini eyengeziwe kunokuningi
- Kukhona ukwanda kokusetshenziswa komanyolo, izibulala-zinambuzane namafungicide kwezolimo ezigxilile kunaseziningi. Lapho inhlonipho ngendawo ezungezile kanye nokulima kwemvelo futhi ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali, kodwa eyemvelo, ibekwe eqhulwini.
- Mayelana nomhlaba, kwezolimo olujulile Ifuna ukukusebenzisa ngokugcwele ngesikhathi esifushane ngangokunokwenzeka., kufanele amqaphele kakhulu ukuze agweme ukuba yinyumba. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, endaweni ebanzi, ngokungawuthonyi, ingahlala isikhathi eside.
Okwamanje, ezolimo ezibanzi zibhebhetheka kuwo wonke amazwe ngoba zifuna ukungalimazi imvelo futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo bathole ukudla kwekhwalithi engcono.
Noma kunjalo, akuwona wonke amazwe asawenza okwamanje. Okwamanje, e-United States, e-Argentina, e-Afrika nase-Asia kuphela kube yibo ababheja ngale ndlela yokukhiqiza ezolimo. Kwesinye isikhathi ngisho ukuyihlanganisa ne-intensive.
Ezitshalweni, okugqama kakhulu yizitshalo ezisanhlamvu nefolishi.
Manje njengoba usuwazi umehluko phakathi kwezolimo ezijulile nezibanzi, ungakhetha yiphi kulezi ezimbili?