Isihloko esithandekayo nesiyinkimbinkimbi ngasikhathi sinye ngokungangabazeki esika- substrates. Ngokuya ngezidingo zokutshalwa kwesitshalo ngasinye, kanye nezimo zezulu ezikhona endaweni ngayinye, kuzodinga ukondliwa okukodwa noma okunye. Lokhu kuzodingeka kusize izimpande zabo ukuze zikhule kahle, futhi ngenxa yalokho, kuzodala futhi ukukhula kwezitshalo kulungile.
Kulezi zinsuku umgadi wensimu unezinhlobo eziningi zezinto ezikhulayo, futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kuvame kakhulu ukuthi ingadi ye-neophyte, ngisho nalabo asebekade bekulomhlaba othakazelisa kakhulu wokulima izingadi iminyaka eminingi, banokungabaza ukuthi bazokunikeza muphi izitshalo zakho. Kubo bonke, lokhu kuhamba Umhlahlandlela we-substrate esinethemba lokuthi kuzoba wusizo kuwe.
Uyini umugqa ongaphansi?
Peat emnyama
Ngaphambi kokungena ngokugcwele endabeni eseduze, kuyadingeka ukuthi sazi ukuthi sisho ukuthini uma sikhuluma nge-substrate. Yebo, i-substrate imane nje ingu impahla eqinile, yemvelo ephilayo, yamaminerali, noma eyinsalela, esebenza njengehange esitshalweni. Ingasetshenziswa emsulwa, okungukuthi, kusetshenziswa uhlobo olulodwa kuphela lwe-substrate, noma ukuxuba eziningana.
Kubalulekile futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi le nto, noma iqoqo lezinto zokwakha, angahle noma angangeneleli kwinqubo yokudla zezidalwa zezitshalo.
Ama-propiedades
I-volcanic greda
I-substrate enhle kuzoba ngeyokuthi, njengoba sishilo, izosiza isitshalo ukuthi sikhule ngamandla futhi ngaphandle kwenkinga. Kepha, Iziphi izakhiwo okufanele zibe nazo ukufeza lo msebenzi?
Iqiniso ukuthi kuzoncika kakhulu ezimeni ezikhulayo, kepha ngokujwayelekile kuzofanele sikhethe eyodwa okuyi:
- Ukudonsa kanzima: leyo enesibindi kuzoba yiyo engathathi kakhulu izinhlayiya eziqinile. Izitshalo zizwela kakhulu ekuniseleni ngokweqile, ngaphandle kwezimila zasemanzini, yingakho zidinga i-substrate engenakho ukuthambekela kokuhlangana, ngoba uma kungenjalo izimpande zazo zingancipha.
- Ovundile: uma sikhuluma nge-substrate evundile, sisho ukuthi inezakhamzimba ezingamunzwa izimpande. Unalokhu engqondweni, zonke izitshalo ngaphandle kwezidliwayo ziyokwenza okuhle enhlabathini evundile.
- Natural: Kungazwakala kungajwayelekile, ngoba wonke ama-substrate akhishwa eplanethi, kepha i-substrate yemvelo yinto okungekho lutho olwenziwe kuyo. Yize omanyolo bamakhemikhali bezosiza kakhulu ukufaka umquba engadini yethu, emvelweni izitshalo zinakho konke ezikudingayo, futhi kungalesi sizathu ukuthi kunconywa ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yemvelo kanye nemvelo, kufaka phakathi iziqhekeza ezingaphansi komhlaba. Ngale ndlela, sizoqinisekisa ukuthi isitshalo ngeke siphuthelwe lutho.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zama-substrates esingazithola?
Ezitolo zokugcina izitolo nezingadi sithola izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-substrates: axubekile, angaxutshiwe ... Zivelaphi futhi ziyini izici zazo eziyinhloko?
akadama
akadama
La Akadama Yi-substrate ye-quintessential ye-bonsai, engeniswe eJapan. Ngomsuka wentaba-mlilo, lolu daka oluyimbudumbudu luyakwazi ukonga umswakama ofanele wezitshalo, into eyenza ukuthi izimpande zihlale zinomoya omuhle futhi zingakhula kahle. Njengoba ine-pH engathathi hlangothi, ingasetshenziswa icocekile noma ixutshwe namanye ama-substrates.
Ungayithenga lapha.
UKanuma
UKanuma
La noma I-substrate engenisiwe evela eJapan, esetshenziselwa kabanzi ukutshala izitshalo ze-acidophilic, njenge-azaleas noma i-hydrangeas. Kuqhamuka ezinsaleleni zentaba-mlilo eziguguliwe zesifunda saseKanuma. I-pH yayo iphansi, iphakathi kuka-4 no-5, futhi inombala ophuzi omuhle impela.
Yithole lapha.
I-Kiryuzuna
I-Kiryuzuna
La kiryuzuna Inomsuka wamaminerali, futhi yakhiwe ngubhuqu lwentaba-mlilo olubolile. Ine-pH ephakathi kuka-6 no-5, nokuqukethwe yensimbi ephezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inekhwalithi engavamile engaboli.
Ithenge lapha.
Imbotshana
Imbotshana
El semboza ngabo izithombo zezihlahla kuyisisekelo esingokwemvelo esingasithola ezingadini zethu. Yebo, yebo, impela: kungenziwa ekhaya, ngoba yakhiwa imfucumfucu yezitshalo ebolile. Ngokuya ngesimo sokuqanjwa, kanye nezimo zezulu, kuzoba nombala onsundu noma mnyama kakhulu. Igcina umswakama isikhathi eside, ngaphezu kwalokho izitshalo zizothola kuwo wonke umsoco odinga ukukhula.
UPerlita
UPerlita
La perlite Kuyinto ephakanyiswe kakhulu ngenxa ye-porosity yayo. Yize inelukuluku lokwazi kithina, ingilazi yentaba-mlilo enamanzi amaningi. Ibizwa kanjalo, uma ibonwa yi-microscope, ingabonakala njengamaparele ngaphakathi.
Ithole ngokuchofoza lapha.
Peat
Peat Blond
La Peat I-substrate esetshenziswa kakhulu ezitshalweni. Kwakhiwa njengoba imfucumfucu yezitshalo ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi ibola. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili: i-peat emnyama ne-blonde peat.
- Peat emnyama: amafomu ezindaweni eziphansi. Banombala onsundu onsundu ngenxa yokuthi izinsalela zisesimweni esiphambili sokubola. Bane-pH phakathi kuka-7 no-5.
- Peat Blond: amafomu ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu. Banombala onsundu okhanyayo, ne-pH ephakathi kuka-3 no-4.
Zombili zinamandla amakhulu okugcina amanzi, kepha ezimweni ezomile futhi ezishisayo zingabumbana ngokweqile.
Thola i-peat emnyama lapha ne-blonde ye lapha.
I-Vermiculite
I-Vermiculite
La busisiwe Kungumuthi wamaminerali okuthi uma ushisiwe, wehlise amanzi emzimbeni futhi unyuse ivolumu. Inamandla wokumunca aphezulu.
Ngifaka ini i-substrate ezitshalweni zami?
Njengoba uhlobo ngalunye lwesitshalo ludinga i-substrate eyodwa noma enye, ake sibone okuyizinto ezeluleka kakhulu kuya ngesitshalo esifuna ukusilima:
Izihlahla nezihlahlana
I-Delonix regia inyanga engu-1 ubudala
I-Los izihlahla nezihlahlana Ziyizitshalo okuthi, ngokuya ngemvelaphi yazo, zikhule kangcono kwezinye iziqeshana noma kwezinye. Ngakho-ke, sinakho:
- Izihlahla ze-Acidophilic nezihlahla: kubo akukho okungcono kunokusebenzisa ama-akadama angama-70% (ithenge lapha) kanye ne-30% peat blond (yithole). Ezinye izinketho, ngokwesibonelo, i-peat ye-blond engu-50%, i-30% ye-perlite ne-20% mulch.
- Izihlahla zaseMedithera nezihlahlana: lezi zinhlobo zezitshalo zilungiselelwe ukumelana nesomiso, ngakho-ke sizosebenzisa ama-substrates ane-pH ephezulu (phakathi kuka-6 no-7), njenge-70% peat emnyama exutshwe ne-30% perlite. Noma i-substrate esezingeni eliphakeme, njenge lokhu.
- Izihlahla nezihlahlana ezihlala ezindaweni lapho imvula inkulu khona: lezi zinhlobo zezitshalo zidinga umswakama ophezulu, ngakho-ke i-substrate esiyifaka kuzo kufanele ikwazi ukugcina amanzi. Ngakho-ke, sizosebenzisa i-peat emnyama (60%), esizoyixuba ne-vermiculite (30%) ne-perlite encane (ukuthengisa lapha).
Bonsai
U-Eurya Bonsai
I-Los bonsai ziyizihlahla (noma izihlahlana) ezigcinwa emathileyi ane-substrate encane kakhulu. Uma siqala umsebenzi wokusebenza kwesihlahla ukusiguqula sibe ngumsebenzi wobuciko, okusithandayo kakhulu ukuthi umboko waso uvuleke. Ngalokhu, kuzobaluleka ukukhetha i-substrate evumela ukuthi izimpande zikwazi ukungena emoyeni kahle, kepha lokho kungasiza futhi nesitshalo ukuthola isimo.
Ngakho-ke, okunconywe kakhulu kuzoba yi- akadama exutshwe nekiryuzuna (70% no-30% ngokulandelana), noma kuhlanganiswe ne-kanuma (kuyathengiswa lapha) uma kuyinhlobo ye-acidophilus. Futhi, uma uthanda, ungasebenzisa i-substrate ethile ye-bonsai, njengaleyo abayithengisayo Ayikho imikhiqizo etholakele..
Icactus nezitshalo ezinamanzi
Rebutia fiebrigii
I-Los i-cactus nama-succulents Bahlala enhlabathini enesihlabathi, ngakho-ke i-substrate efanelekile kunazo zonke kuzoba yiyona eyenza kube lula ukugeleza kwamanzi okusheshayo futhi okuphelele, ngoba nabo bavame ukuba nezinkinga ngomswakama owedlulele.
Unalokhu engqondweni, kunconywa ukuxuba I-vermiculite engu-50% ene-peat emnyama engama-40% ne-10% perlite. Le ngxube izophinde isisebenzele imibhede yezimbewu. Enye indlela evumelana ngokulinganayo inhlabathi ye-cactus asebevele bayithengisa ilungisiwe, kepha kubalulekile ukuthi ibe sezingeni eliphakeme. Ngakho-ke, sincoma lena abayithengisayo lapha.
Izitshalo ze-Acidophilic
Camellia
I-Las izitshalo acidophilic, njengamamephu aseJapan, ama-camellias, ama-hydrangea, namanye, adinga i-substrate enamandla kakhulu, kepha ngasikhathi sinye alondoloze izinga elithile lomswakama. Ikakhulukazi uma sinalolu hlobo lwezitshalo ezindaweni zesimo sezulu ezibavimbela ukuthi babe nokuthuthuka okujwayelekile kwemifino, okungukuthi, ezindaweni lapho amazinga okushisa abeqisa kakhulu (kokubili ubuncane nobukhulu) kubo, kubalulekile ukukhetha ukudla kwalokhu izitshalo kahle.
Ngenkathi uzothola ama-substrates enziwe ngomumo (njenge lokhu), lokhu kuzoba kuhle kithina kuphela uma isimo sezulu sethu sibalungele. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kuzofanele sisebenzise, ngokwesibonelo, akadama no kiryuzuna (70 kanye no-30% ngokulandelana), ngale ndlela sizobe sesiqinisekise impumelelo yokutshala lezi zitshalo ezindaweni ezinzima ukuze zikwazi ukusinda.
Izintende
ICocos nucifera iyamila
I-Las izintende yizitshalo ezihlukile, ezihlobisa kakhulu, ezikwazi ukunikeza lokho kuthinta okungajwayelekile kunoma iyiphi ingadi. Kodwa-ke, esigabeni sezingane kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi zikhule ezimbizeni. Kepha ... kuliphi i-substrate?
Singasebenzisa izingxenye ezilinganayo i-peat emnyama ne-perlite, kepha njengoba sizama ukunikeza izitshalo zethu okuhle kakhulu, ukuxubana okuhle kuzoba nesembozo semifino (yithole lapha) futhi perlite 50%. Kunconywa kakhulu ukwengeza ungqimba wokuqala we-akadama ngaphakathi ebhodweni ukwenza ukukhipha kwamanzi ngokweqile kalula.
Izitshalo zengadi nezimbali
Utamatisi
Esethu izitshalo zensimu nezimbali babonga kakhulu, kangangoba ngeke basicele ukuthi senze inkathazo eningi yokufuna i-substrate engcono kakhulu yabo.
Eqinisweni, uma sihlanganisa i-peat emnyama engama-80% ne-10% perlite ne-10% mulch, sizothola izithombo ezinempilo futhi ngokukhula okuhlukile. Uma ufuna enye indlela, le nhlanganisela eyenziwe ngomumo ye-substrate engadini yasemadolobheni ongayithenga izoyenza. lapha.
Izitshalo ezimnandi
I-Drosera madagascariensis
I-Las izitshalo ezidla inyamaNjengoba ziguqukile, sezijwayele izimo ezimangazayo. Enhlabathini lapho zikhula khona, ezihlale zinomswakama, azikho neze izakhi, ngakho-ke ziye zaphoqeleka ukuthi zibheke ukudla kwazo ngokuguqula amaqabunga azo aze abe izingibe ezinhle kakhulu ezidaliwe.
Unalokhu engqondweni, sizosebenzisa Peat yemvelo blonde ukuqinisekisa ukuthi banakho konke umswakama abawudingayo futhi, uma sifuna, sizokuxuba ne-perlite encane ukuvimbela izimpande ekubeni nezinkinga ngokunisela ngokweqile. Ungathenga futhi i-substrate ekulungele ukusetshenziswa kwezidliwayo, njenge lokhu.
Njengoba sibona, inkinga yama-substrates ibaluleke kakhulu impela. Ngakho-ke, sethemba ukuthi lo mhlahlandlela kuyasiza kuwe ukuze ukhethe okufanele izitshalo zakho, nokuthi zibukeke zizinhle kakhulu.
Umbhalo omuhle kakhulu Monica, ngiyaqala futhi njalo lapho ngifunda izincwadi zakho ngifunda okunye, ngiyabonga !!! Inkazimulo
Ngiyabonga kakhulu ngamazwi akho, Gloria 🙂
sawubona, mayelana ne-akadama, engikubonile emadwaleni e-sicila asuka e-volna ye-etna kunosayizi abahlukahlukene, ngabe lo-akadama noma u-akadama nje uvela eJapan? Mayelana
Sawubona Efraul.
I-akadama esetshenziselwa ibhonsai nezinye izitshalo ivela eJapan.
A ukubingelela.
Sawubona, ngifisa ukwazi ukuthi ngabe ikhona yini indlela yokuthola izakhi zomzimba nge-peat evundile.
Muchas Gracias
Sawubona Tomas.
Cha, akunakwenzeka ezingeni lasekhaya (kwilabhorethri yamakhemikhali kungenzeka) Izakhamzimba ziyinto enjalo, kepha zincane kakhulu ukuthi azikwazi ukusebenza.
Ukubingelela!
Gcwalisa kakhulu udaba lwakho Monica, siyakuhalalisela !!!
Ngiyabonga kakhulu, Miguel Angel 🙂
Ngabe i-akadama iyawalungela ama-orchid? NginamaCymbidium ambalwa ngaphandle futhi ngidinga ukuwashintsha futhi ngihlanze yonke into "pocho" noma efile!
Uma kungenjalo, iyiphi into okufanele ngiyibeke, yikuphi okungcono kakhulu?
Sawubona, Martha.
Ungasebenzisa i-akadama ngaphandle kwezinkinga. I-porous kakhulu futhi izogcina izimpande zivulekile kahle.
A ukubingelela.
Sawubona ntambama enhle Monica
Ungangitshela ukuthi hlobo luni lwama-substrate adingekayo ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zembewu, ngibala, iCitrus, iMaple, iPine, iPomegranate, iChirimollas Eccetera
Ngakolunye uhlangothi ngokufanayo kodwa ngeZiteki
Siyabonga kusengaphambili
H. Alonso
Sawubona uHermogenes Alonso.
Amamephu adinga inhlabathi ene-asidi (pH 4 kuye ku-6), okunye kungatshalwa kuma-substrates ane-pH 6 kuye ku-7.
Okufanayo ngezigxobo.
A ukubingelela.
Yini engaba yi-substrate ekahle yensangu? Ngiyabonga
Sawubona Roberto.
Ukuhlanganiswa okuhle ngokusho kochwepheshe ekutshalweni kwalesi sitshalo yilokhu okulandelayo: 40% we-peat emnyama + 20% kakhukhunathi fiber + 20% perlite + 10% vermiculite + 10% worm humus.
A ukubingelela.
Sawubona. Ngatshala kabusha i-spathiphylium ngelinye ilanga ngabeka amanzi futhi ngathenga i-substrate ebhodweni, kepha kubonakala sengathi inesisekelo. Kujwayelekile. Ngabe kungenxa ye-substrate? Amaqabunga abuthaka. Ungangisiza?
Sawubona Lupe.
Uyinisela kangaki? Uma unepuleti ngaphansi kwalo noma ebhodweni elingenayo imigodi, kungenzeka ukuthi lithola ubunzima ngenxa yamanzi amaningi.
Sincoma ukuthi uthinte i- ithebhu ukubona ukuthi kungenzeka yini kuye.
Ukubingelela
Sawubona Monica, i-athikili enhle kakhulu, nginombuzo othile, wama-tulips, yini i-substrate noma ingxube engcono kakhulu kusimo sezulu sasolwandle, u-chiloe?
Sawubona Harmony.
Ungasebenzisa okuphakathi okukhulayo, kepha ngincoma ukukuxuba ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo nesihlabathi somfula esivele sagezwa, amabhola obumba anwetshiwe ezitshalweni noma okufanayo (pomx, perlite, akadama).
A ukubingelela.
Bheka ukuphikisana
I-kiryuzuna ingeyomsuka wamaminerali, futhi yakhiwe ngubhuqu lwentaba-mlilo olubolile. Ine-pH ephakathi kuka-6 no-5, nokuqukethwe yensimbi ephezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inekhwalithi engavamile engaboli.
Sawubona, Juan.
Nge "khompiyutha" yokuqala wayesho ukuthi yakhiwe ngubhuqu lwentaba-mlilo.
A ukubingelela.
Sawubona Monica: Nginomdlandla ngenhloso yokukhulisa amaFuchsias, ngoba ngibathanda kakhulu futhi ngendaba ethintekayo, bengilokhu ngingena odabeni lokusakazeka kwabo ngemuva kokunuka kamnandi futhi okunomsoco. Ngifuna imininingwane ngale ndaba ophawula kahle lapha, ngithole le, ukuphawula kwakho. Umnikelo ongenakulinganiswa ogcwala emininingwaneni futhi ucacise imibono thina neophytes enomdlandla esiqhubeka nayo, esiphikelela ngenkani kaninginingi ekufezeni lokho okwabanye kuyinto ejwayelekile. Ukukufundela kube yintokozo, ngenxa yokunotha kokubhala kwakho, ukucaciseleka nokulula kokuqonda isici ngasinye okukhulunywe ngaso lapho kuthuthukiswa ukuhambisana nemifanekiso okusetshenzisiwe. Lokho kwenza kube lula ngathi ukuthi singagcini ngokubona umehluko phakathi kwama-substrate ahlukahlukene kepha futhi nokuqonda ukuthi kungani zilusizo kuzidingo zesitshalo ngasinye. Ngiyabonga, ngothando
Ngiyabonga kakhulu Jako ngamazwi akho.
Kuyintokozo njalo ukubhala ngezitshalo, nokuningi lapho okubhalayo kukutshela ukuthi kuyasiza 🙂
Uma ufuna ukwazi kabanzi ngama-fuchsias, ngiyakushiya lesi sixhumanisi. Nokho, uma unemibuzo, xhumana nathi.
Ukubingelela!
Imininingwane eveziwe iyathakazelisa .. ngiyabonga kakhulu!
Siyabonga ngamazwi akho, uNancy 🙂
Sawubona Monica, nginezitshalo eziningana engingakwazanga ukuzifaka embukisweni
Isibonelo, i-lavender, lapho ngiyithenga futhi ngiyidlulisela ebhodweni elikhudlwana, ngiyayinisela bese ngiyabona ukuthi iyakhipha, kepha inhlabathi igcina umswakama iwele phansi, ifa kamuva. Ngisanda kuthenga obunye ubuso obubizwa ngehhashi, futhi sebubolile emasontweni amabili ngokuchelela kanye kuphela lapho utshalwe
Ngithenge ama-carnation kepha akhule kancane, kanti amaqabunga ajika abe mhlophe qwa
Phendula ngokucaphuna
Ngibonga umhlahlandlela, uqedele kakhulu!
Ngiyabonga ngokuma ubeke amazwana, Asher.
Sawubona Monica. Yimuphi umugqa ongicebisa wona ngezithombo ezivela ezimbewini zeHibiscus? Ngemuva kwalokho, lapho ukufakelwa kabusha kuzofana? Ngiyabonga.
Sawubona Satxa.
Ngombhede wembewu ngincoma i-fiber kakhukhunathi, noma i-substrate yendawo yonke yomkhiqizo we-Flower noma we-Fertiberia.
Lapho bekhula, owokuqala ngeke abe usizo olukhulu kubo ngoba cishe awunamsoco; esikhundleni salokho omunye yebo.
Ukubingelela
Isihloko esihle kodwa angicabangi ukuthi ngiyibonile i-substrate efanelekile yama-succulents?
Bengifuna ukukhiqiza kabusha okwami (i-francesco baldi) futhi angiqiniseki ukuthi iyiphi ingxube engizoyisebenzisa.
Sawubona Lary.
Kunconywa ukuxuba i-vermiculite engu-50% ne-peat emnyama engama-40% ne-10% perlite.
Ukubingelela!