Namuhla sizokhuluma ngakho amakhiwane. Umkhiwane isihlahla esiqukethe futhi igama laso lesayensi ngu UFicus carica L. Kungumndeni wakwaMoráceas kanti kulo mndeni kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezi-1.500 zezihlahla nezihlahlana ezinezici ezifanayo. Cishe zonke zihlobene namaqabunga amakhulu anephunga elimnandi, anombala oluhlaza okotshani futhi ocwebezelayo nonina wohlobo oluthambile. Ivela eMpumalanga futhi idliwe izinkulungwane zeminyaka eGrace naseGibhithe. Lapha eSpain ibuye idliwe ngokunambitheka kwayo okumnandi.
Sikutshela okuningi nge-breva, kusuka kuzici zayo kuya kuzakhiwo zayo nokusetshenziswa kwayo.
Izici eziyinhloko
Yize umkhiwane uthathwa njengesithelo, uma siwuhlaziya ngokuphila kwawo awutheli zithelo. Okungukuthi, ayibi isithelo sinjalo, ngoba iyisamukeli esinamanzi esibizwa nge-botany sycon. Inesimo esifana nepheya futhi ingasebenza njengesisekelo sazo zombili izimbali zesilisa nezesifazane. Lesi sithelo esibizwa ngokuthi i-drupeolas sidla ngokuphelele. Sidla ingxenye enkulu kakhulu nembewu. Kulokhu, kuzoba itshe lesithelo, kepha njengoba sibona, lithambile kakhulu futhi liyadleka.
Inokunambitheka okumnandi futhi okumnandi futhi kuyaziwa impela. Ingaphandle liluhlaza uma lisakhula bese liba nsomi futhi limnyama uma selivuthiwe. Kuya futhi ngokuhlukahluka esikudlayo. Kuyisithelo esithola ukunambitheka njengoba sikhula. Akuvamisile ukuthi idliwe iluhlaza noma isavuthwa ngoba ayimnandi kangako futhi ayinanambitheko engako.
Kunemithi yamakhiwane wohlobo lwe-biferous ebizwa ngama-brevales noma ama-bacoreras anesici esikhethekile. Lezi yilezo zihlahla ezikwazi ukuthela izithelo kabili ngonyaka. Owokuqala wenzeka phakathi kwenyanga kaJuni noJulayi kanti izithelo zawo ngumkhiwane. Kepha ngukuthi ngo-Agasti kuze kube ngu-Okthoba isivuno siyaqhubeka ukusinika amakhiwane. Imvamisa, imikhiwane ejwayelekile ithwala isivuno esisodwa samakhiwane ezinyangeni zika-Agasti noSepthemba. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kukhethekile futhi kuyadingeka kakhulu.
Izici ze-breva
Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zezihlahla zamakhiwane lapha eSpain yiColar neGoina. Esinye sezici eziyinhloko zalesi sithelo esingaziwa kakhulu ukuthi umkhiwane isithelo sangesizini edlule. Lokho kusho ukuthi, yizithelo ezingatheleli ngenyanga kaSepthemba futhi, lapho ukushisa kuvela ngoJuni, zikhula zize zibe yikhiwane. Kungashiwo ukuthi ngumkhiwane ongakwazi ukuthela izithelo futhi uphinde wakhula kamuva.
Ngokuqondene nezakhi zomsoco zomkhiwane, kuyadingeka ukugqamisa umnikelo wawo ophakeme kuma-carbohydrate. Kungenye yezithelo okuthi, kanye nobhanana, zinikeze ama-carbohydrate amaningi. Okuqukethwe yi-fiber akusekho emuva kakhulu. Kwesinye isikhathi isetshenziswa njenge-low intact laxative. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-breva kuthakazelisa impela ezinganeni, ebusheni nakwabesifazane abakhulelwe abancelisayo.
Njengoba inenani elikhulu lama-carbohydrate, isetshenziswa kakhulu ngabadlali. Inokuqukethwe okuphezulu okulula ukufaka amandla futhi iphelele ukuthatha ngemuva kwezikhathi zokuqeqeshwa. Akunconyelwa ukuthi uthathe ngaphambili, ngoba okuqukethwe kwayo kwe-fiber ephezulu kungadlala kuwe lapho uziqeqesha.
Yize iphansi nge-sodium, inikeza i-potassium eningi enconyelwa labo abane-hypertension nesifo senhliziyo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-potassium ayinconyiwe kubantu abanokwehluleka kwezinso.
Ibuye ine-antioxidants yemvelo efana novithamini A. Ithanda ukulwa nama-radicals wamahhala futhi isiza ekunciphiseni ubungozi bezifo eziwohloza umdlavuza. Ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo kwe-fiber ephezulu, kungasiza ukunciphisa imiphumela yokufakwa kwe-cholesterol.
Ukulima kweBreva
Phakathi kwezidingo i-breva enazo ngesikhathi sokulinywa kwayo sithola lokho ingabekezelela amazinga okushisa aphezulu naphansi kahle. Ungathola izihlahla zamakhiwane ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zesimo sezulu ezivumelana kalula nezimo. Ukuze amakhiwane abe nendawo yezentengiselwano, umkhiwane udinga ukuba sezimweni ezithile zezulu.
Intengo yezithelo iyahluka kakhulu emakethe, kuya ngokuthi ingamakhiwane asekuqaleni noma sekwephuzile. Uma kukhona ifayela le- umswakama owedlulele noma imvula ephezulu, izithelo zonakaliswe kakhulu ngokushintsha kakhulu ikhwalithi yabo. Uma ufuna ukutshala umkhiwane ngokwemvelo, kungamakethwa kuphela kulezo zindawo ezinesimo sezulu esipholile ebusika (okusho ukuthi, alinisi kakhulu noma kuneqhwa kaningi) futhi kuyashisa ehlobo. Isimo sezulu esishisayo nesomile saseMedithera siwulungele umkhiwane.
Ayikhethi ngenhlabathi, njengoba ikwazi ukuchuma emadwaleni nasenhlabathini eyomile. Ukuze isivuno sibe nekhwalithi engcono kudingekile ukuthi inhlabathi inokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-calcium nokuthi ayinamanzi kakhulu. Uma inyathelwa ngesikhathi sokuniselwa, izobola kalula, ngoba iyazwela kuyo.
Isikhathi sokutshala senzeka ngenyanga kaJanuwari. Okwezitshalo ezibanzi Amafreyimu ayi-8 × 8 asele kanti ama-5 × 5 aqinile. Njengamanje, okwenziwayo ukutshala amakhiwane amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kutholakale inani eliphezulu lokukhiqiza futhi kwandise ukuvuna.
Curiosities
Bekulokhu kukhona ukwaziswa okwengeziwe ngamakhiwane kunamakhiwane. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isivuno somkhiwane sincane kakhulu, ngakho-ke, siyigugu ngokwengeziwe. Ukunambitha kunoshukela omncane futhi kukhona ubuningi obuncane kakhulu. Kucatshangwa ukuthi sithandwa kakhulu ngoba kufana nokunambitha lokho okuzayo kamuva, kumnandi kakhulu, umkhiwane.
Zingasetshenziselwa ukudla ngqo (imvamisa kuyindlela ekhethwayo), kepha kukhona futhi nokukhiqiza ama-compotes, isinkwa samakhiwane, amajamu, amakhekhe, njll.
Njengoba ubona, umkhiwane isithelo esidingeka kakhulu futhi sisetshenziswa ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba.