Amabele (Amabele)

Abantu, sekuyiminyaka eyizinkulungwane, bafunde 'ukufuya' iningi lezitshalo ukuze bazuze, ngokwesibonelo, kuzakhi zabo zokudla okunempilo. Ngalo mqondo, namuhla lapho sazi ukuthi kunabantu abaningi abanokubekezelelana kwe-gluten, i- umunyu Kwethulwa njengokudla okusanhlamvu okuthakazelisa kakhulu kubo.

Ngalesi sizathu, iyalinywa ngokwandayo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezifudumele lapho nayo ina kakhulu, ngoba, ngokungafani namanye amakhambi, isekela isomiso kahle kakhulu.

Umsuka nezimpawu zamabele

Amabele yigama elijwayelekile lezinhlobo ezingama-31 noma ezamukelwe sohlobo lwe-Sorghum. Lokhu kufakiwe emndenini wasePoaceae, lowo wotshani. Ziyizitshalo ezingapheli ezivela eMelika, eYurophu, e-Afrika nase-Asia. Ziba neziqu eziyindilinga, zimile, zinomuthi, zinamaqabunga aluhlaza we-lanceolate, futhi ziphakeme ngamamitha ayi-1 kuye kwezi-2.

Izimbali zayo zibomvu, ziphuzi noma zimnyama, ziqoqwe ngezipikisi, futhi zinomumo oyindilinga oyindilinga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zinama-stamens nama-pistils, okwenza kube yi-hermaphroditic. Imbewu incane, cishe ngamamilimitha amathathu.

Njengolwazi lwentshisekelo, kufanele ukwazi lokho izimpande zawo zingafinyelela kumamitha amabili ukujula, inqobo nje uma indawo ingavunyelwa.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko

Izinhlobo ezimbili ezaziwa kakhulu yilezi:

I-Sorghum bicolor

El I-Sorghum bicolor, eyaziwa ngokuthi amabele noma amabele, isitshalo esidabuka eMpumalanga Afrika. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi kungumbila wesihlanu obaluleke kakhulu ngokomkhiqizo wawo, ngoba kubalwa ukuthi ubuso bomhlaba lapho kulinywe khona kungamakhilomitha angama-470.000 emhlabeni jikelele.

Ukudonsa amabele

El Ukudonsa amabele, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Aleppo sorghum, idabuka enkabeni ye-Afrika, yize yethulwa eMelika. Yize kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba isetshenziswa kabanzi njenge-forage (qaphela, ngoba ezimeni zeqhwa noma zesomiso, iba yingozi kakhulu emfuyweni), futhi ingenye yamakhambi ayingozi kakhulu kusuka ezifundeni ezipholile futhi ezifudumele zomhlaba, kufaka phakathi iMedithera neNingizimu Melika.

Yikuphi ukusetshenziswa okunikezwa amabele?

Amabele umuthi ongapheli onokusetshenziswa okuningi. Ngokwesibonelo:

• Ukudla okunempilo: entula i-gluten, kungumbila osetshenziswa kakhulu ezitsheni ezahlukahlukene, njengama-tortilla, isinkwa, umzala, iphalishi, noma inyama nenyama yemifino. Iziphuzo ezidakayo nazo ziyalungiswa.
• Ngicabanga izilwane: ikakhulukazi eNyakatho Melika naseMpumalanga Yurophu.
• ImishadoIziqu kanye namaqabunga ommbila omisiwe kungasetshenziswa ukwenza imishanelo.
• I-Bioethanol: kuyaziswa kakhulu ukuyikhiqiza, kanye nokunye okusanhlamvu okufana nommbila noma ibhali.

Ukulinywa kwamabele

Uma ufuna ukuqala ukukhulisa lesi sitshalo kufanele ubheke izidingo zaso ukuze ukwazi ukuthola isivuno esihle kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ake siqale:

Isimo sezulu

Isimo sezulu kufanele sibe kufudumele. Okuhle kakhulu ukuthi awekho amakhaza, kepha uma ekhona, kufanele abe phansi aze afike ku -4ºC. Uzobona ukuthi ikhula ngokushesha ehlobo, lapho i-thermometer ingaphezulu kuka-32ºC ubukhulu.

Umhlaba

Akufuneki kakhulu, ngoba Ikhula ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zenhlabathi uma nje ine-alkaline. Manje, uma zivundile, zijulile, futhi zikhipha amanzi ngokushesha, lapho-ke zizoba nentuthuko engcono kunalezo ezisindayo (okungukuthi, zivame ukuhlangana kakhulu).

Ukunisela

Ukunisela kuzoba ngaphansi kunezinye izitshalo zokusanhlamvu. Njengoba ikhula, kungakuhle ukuthi uyinamanzise isilinganiso esiphindwe kabili noma kathathu ngesonto, kepha uma sekutholakele, izikhala zizohlukaniswa. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi endaweni yakho kuvame ukuna njalo, unyaka wonke, kusukela kwisizini yesibili ungayeka ukukhathazeka ngokunisela izitshalo zakho zamabele.

Ukuphindaphinda

Amabele angaphindaphindwa ngembewu, noma ngokuhlukaniswa kwe-rhizome entwasahlobo:

Imbewu

Imbewu kuhlwanyelwa emathileyi embewu, kusukela ngaleyo ndlela bazophathwa. Zigcwalise nge-substrate yendawo yonke (isendalini lapha), bese ufaka eyodwa noma ezimbili kusokhethi ngalinye. Zimboze ngenhlabathi encane, bese amanzi ngokucwiliswa.

Uma usuniselwe kahle, uwubeke endaweni enelanga, bese ugcine i-substrate imanzi. Ngakho-ke zizoqhuma cishe ezinsukwini eziyi-7, ezingeni lokushisa elingu-12-13ºC.

Ukuhlukaniswa kweRhizome

Indlela esheshayo yokuthola amabele amasha yile uhlukanisa impande ibe yizicucu eziningana, bese uyihlwanyela kwezinye izingxenye zensimu noma ezimbizeni nge-substrate.

Uma ufuna, ungangeza ama-hormone anezimpande ezicucwini ngaphambi kokutshala, ngakho-ke anethuba elingcono lokukhipha izimpande ezintsha.

Isibindi

Kuya ngezinhlobo, kepha ngokuvamile ziyamelana nesithwathwa esibandayo nesincane kuze kufike -4ºC. Kunoma ikuphi, uma uhlala endaweni lapho amazinga okushisa ehla kakhulu, ungakhathazeki ngoba aqhuma kahle futhi akhule ngokushesha.

Ubucabangani ngamabele? Wake wezwa ngaye?