Izici zikaphayini wamatshe nokuthi ungatshala kanjani amantongomane ephayini

Namuhla sizokhuluma nawe ngohlobo lwesilimo okungesona isivuno uqobo. Imayelana namantongomane ephayini. Amantongomane ephayini awalinywa, kepha avunwa emahlathini ephayini. Ziwumkhiqizo wehlathi kunokulima, ngoba azidingi ukulima, ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi, noma ukunakekelwa okuningi njengezitshalo zezolimo.

Okulandelayo sizokukhombisa izici eziyinhloko zamaphayini wamatshe, amantongomane ephayini, izidingo zabo nokuthi ungazithola kanjani. Ngabe ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngamantongomane ephayini?

Uphayini wamatshe (iPinus Pinea)

Isihlahla okuphuma kuso amantongomane kaphayini uphayini wamatshe. Kuyisihlahla esivela eMedithera naseSpain kuphela esingenayo imvelaphi ethile. Igama layo lesayensi ngu UPinus pinea L. futhi kunjalo kulo lonke ugu lwaseMedithera kuya eChina. Imvelaphi yayo, yize ingaziwa kahle, ingeMedithera futhi, yize isatshalaliswa kabanzi, iSpain iyizwe elinamaphini amatshe amaningi emhlabeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, singabakhiqizi bokuqala bakaphayini emhlabeni, sigqamisa izindawo ezinjenge-Andalusia noma iCastilla y León.

Inani lamaphayini namantongomane ephayini

Uma sikhuluma ngokubaluleka kwezitshalo, imvamisa sibhekisa ezithelweni zazo. Okusho ukuthi, isitshalo setamatisi, ngaphandle kukatamatisi uqobo, asinanani elikhulu noma asibalulekile. Kodwa-ke, esimweni sikaphayini wamatshe, inani lalo lezomnotho alinakubalwa. Kusukela esikhathini esedlule, i- UPinus pinea L.  kube ngumthombo omuhle wokudla nowezingodo ukuze isetshenziswe ekwakhiweni okufana nemikhumbi.

Amantongomane kaphayini adingeka kakhulu emhlabeni wokupheka, ngoba iyingxenye yama-dessert amaningi nezitsha ezijwayelekile zezindawo zaseYurophu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bebeyingxenye yokudla kwabantu izinkulungwane zeminyaka. Namuhla, kunesidingo sokuthi inani eliphakeme lamaphayini wamatshe liyadingeka kungokwokudla, kodwa esikhathini esedlule, okunye ukusetshenziswa okufana nokhuni, i-resin noma i-bark, bekubaluleke kakhulu. Ezweni lamandla avuselelekayo, kufanele kwaziwe ukuthi kusetshenziswa amakhoba e-pinion isizukulwane sama-biofuels.

Ngaphandle kwemithombo yezomnotho lapho i-pine pine ingasetshenziswa kuyo, futhi sinenani eliphakeme lokuhlobisa elinalo. Kunezindawo eziningi ezinala maphini njenge insiza yokuhlobisa ezitaladini emadolobheni, akha ingxenye yobuningi be-arboreal.

Izidingo zamaphayini wamatshe

Lezi zihlahla, yize zingadingi ukunakekelwa nokunakekelwa okungaphezulu njengezitshalo zezolimo, zidinga nezici ezithile zesimo sezulu nenhlabathi.

Isimo sezulu

Kungumuthi ongadingi amanzi amaningi, ngakho-ke ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu kahle, hhayi ngaphezu kwama-40 ° C, nesomiso. Futhi iyakwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphansi kahle, isinde ku -20 ° C, yize isuka ku -10 ° C iqala ukulimala izicubu namaqabunga.

Ngenxa yaleli khono lokumelana nezimo zemvelo ezimbi kakhulu, amaphayini amatshe asabalale ezindaweni ezibanzi zezulu ezihluke kakhulu (zombili izwekazi kanye nolwandle) nasezindaweni eziphakeme. phakathi kwamamitha angu-0 no-1200 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle.

Imvamisa

Mayelana nenhlabathi, leli phayini linokuthanda inhlabathi ene-asidi ne-sandy. Kodwa futhi iyakwazi ukubekezelela inhlabathi enamatshe amaningi kanye nobumba, ngoba ijwayele ukusinda cishe kunoma iyiphi imvelo.

Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, ngenxa yekhono lokuzivumelanisa nanoma iyiphi imvelo nanoma yimuphi umhlabathi, singathola amaphayini amatshe ezindaweni eziningi ezibukeka kahle.

Izidingo zokudla

Mayelana nokudla kwamaphayini, singakusho lokho awudingi inani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo ukukhula ngokushesha noma unikeze amantongomane amaningi ephayini. Lokhu kwenza iphayini lamatshe, isihlahla esifanelekile ukuphinda sigcwalise inhlabathi empofu, ngenxa yesidingo sayo sokudla esiphansi. Ukuphela kwento engayikubekezeleli kahle inhlabathi eshaywa kalula.

Izici okufanele zicatshangwe ngamantongomane ephayini

Uma ufuna ukuthola amantongomane akho ephayini, kunezinto ezimbalwa okufanele uzicabangele kuqala:

• Ukukhiqizwa kwamantongomane ephayini kusuka ku UPinus Pinea L. ingenye yakamuva, okungukuthi, uma utshala uphayini wamatshe kusuka ekuqaleni, kuzothatha phakathi kweminyaka engama-20 nengama-30 ukunikeza amantongomane kaphayini.
• Izimbali zenzeka ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo nasekuqaleni kwehlobo. Iphinathi lizovuthwa eminyakeni emithathu ngemuva kokuqhakaza.
• Amantongomane kaphayini acebile kakhulu ngama-oyela, okuyinhloko ngama-asidi namafutha e-polyunsaturated anjenge-linoleic.
• Kuyaziwa nangokubaluleka kwayo kwamaprotheni amaningi.

Indlela yokutshala amantongomane kaphayini

Ukuze sihlwanyele amantongomane ephayini, sidinga izinto zokwakha ngaphambilini:

• Into esemqoka imbiza ye- cishe ngo-15 cm ukujula nobubanzi obungu-10 cm. Ngale ndlela, njengoba amantongomane ephayini eqala ukuhluma, angaba sebhodweni isikhashana.
• I-substrate enezinto eziphilayo futhi ixutshwe ne-perlite.
• Uma kuyintwasahlobo kufanele sikunake lokho, ukusebenzisa isibulali-fungu, ngaleyo ndlela sigweme ingozi yesifo, Kufanele ibe ngethusi noma isulfure futhi uma kusehlobo, sizosebenzisa isifutho sokwenziwa.
• Amanzi okunisela.

Lapho konke sesikulungele, kuzoba isikhathi sokulandela lesi sinyathelo ngesinyathelo:

1. Into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukuthenga amantongomane ephayini entwasahlobo noma ehlobo.
2. Khona-ke, zifakwa emanzini amahora angama-24.
3. Amabhodwe abe esegcwaliswa nge-substrate.
4. Ngemuva kwalokho kubekwa inani eliphakeme le-pinion noma amabili ngakunye.
5. Ekugcineni, zimbozwe ungqimba oluncane lwe-substrate futhi luniselwa.

Lapho kuhlwanyelwa, zibekwa endaweni lapho zinikezwa khona ilanga eliqondile, kanti i-substrate igcinwa imanzi. Esikhathini sezinsuku eziyishumi nanhlanu sizobona okokuqala kuhluma.

Ukuvuna amantongomane ephayini

Ukuvunwa kwamaphayinaphu kwenzeka kusukela ngoZibandlela. Ukubambezeleka ekuqoqweni kungaholela ekulahlekelweni kwembewu ngokusatshalaliswa kwemvelo noma ngokweba uphayinaphu

Ukuvuna kwenziwa ngesandla ngophayinaphu abavuthiwe abangakavulwa. Ngalokhu kuyadingeka ukukhuphuka ezihlahleni usebenzisa amasu okukhuphuka. Lapho uphayinaphu usuvuniwe  kumele zisatshalaliswe elangeni noma emakamelweni okwenziwa okufakelwayo.  Lezi zivulwa ukushisa nomswakama ophansi bese kuthi, ukuwaguqula bese uwashaya, i-pinion iyakhishwa.

Kubalulekile ukwenza le nqubo ngokucophelela ngoba noma yimuphi umonakalo kwizembozo zikaphayini uphazamisa ukusebenza nokuphila isikhathi eside kwembewu. Ngamasefa afanele nangokwela, amaphiko nezimpaphe ezingenalutho zehlukaniswa nezimpaphe ezigcwele. Ngemuva kwalokho kufanele womise amantongomane ephayini  aze afinyelele kokuqukethwe umswakama phakathi kuka-6 no-8% bese uwagcina ezingeni lokushisa elingu-4-5 ° C esitsheni esingangeni moya.

Ngalolu lwazi manje usungatshala amantongomane akho kaphayini, yize uwathola njengesithelo, kuzofanela ulinde cishe iminyaka engama-20 😛