Konke okunikezwa ukutshalwa kukakolweni kuyathakazelisa ngoba kusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ufulawa, i-pasta, njll., konke ukudla okuvame ukusetshenziswa emakhishini ethu. Ukolweni uphuzi futhi, kanye nelayisi nommbila, ungenye yezinhlamvu ezitshalwa kakhulu emhlabeni. Njengamanje, kubonakala sengathi indawo yokulima igcwele ukolweni, futhi ngokwezibalo ezithile, kulinganiselwa ukuthi kuhlwanyelwa izigidi zamathani unyaka ngamunye. Nokho, abantu abaningi bayazibuza ukuvunwa kukakolweni.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele ukuthi yiziphi izinyathelo eziyinhloko zokufunda ukuthi ukolweni uvunwa kanjani, izici zokutshalwa kwawo kanye nelukuluku.
Izidingo eziyinhloko
Ukolweni uyisitshalo esithanda izinga lokushisa eliphakathi kuka-10 no-25 °C, nakuba unganconywa, uyakwazi ukubekezelela izinga lokushisa eliphansi lika-3 °C kanye nobukhulu obungu-30 kuya ku-35 °C. Idethi engcono kakhulu yokuqala ukuhlwanyela incike kakhulu ezinhlobonhlobo okufanele zitshalwe, njengoba ezinye izinhlobo zikakolweni zihlwanyelwa ebusika, kanti ezinye zihlwanyelwa entwasahlobo.
Izitshalo zikakolweni wasebusika zibonakala ngokukhula ngesikhathi sasebusika futhi ziqedele umjikelezo wazo ehlobo. Izinhlobonhlobo ezibonakala ngesidingo somswakama ohlobene phakathi kuka-50% no-60% womswakama ohlobene kusukela ekuqaleni kwesikhwebu kuze kube sokuvuna, nesimo sezulu esomile ekuvuthweni.
Izinhlobo zasentwasahlobo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, azidingi ukukhula kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi, okusho ukuthi zingahlwanyelwa entwasahlobo, kodwa azinawo umsoco kunezinye izinhlobo. Ukolweni uyisitshalo esidinga ukukhanya kwelanga ukuze sithuthuke futhi ngokufanelekile udinga amahora angu-8 okukhanya kwelanga ngosuku, Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izinhlobonhlobo ezikhethiwe.
Ukolweni awudingi ukuchelela okuningi, ingakhula inqobo nje uma ithola imvula engu-300 noma 400 mm, kodwa kufanele acebe ebusika nasentwasahlobo. Uma ufuna ukujabulela umkhiqizo omuhle, kufanele unisele kabili noma kathathu ngonyaka, nakuba lokhu kuzoncika kakhulu kumswakama womhlabathi. Ngokuvamile ukuchelela okuchichimayo kokuqala kwenziwa. Nakulokhu, ukuchelela kufanele kwenziwe ngesikhathi sokugetshengwa, okuyilapho ukubukeka komoba kuqala ukubongwa.
Kamuva, ngesikhathi se-bolting, kuyadingeka ukunisela inhlabathi futhi, ngoba izitshalo zisebenza ngokugcwele futhi zidla amanzi ngokushesha. Ekugcineni, lapho ama-spikes esevuthwe ngokugcwele, ukuchelela kokugcina kufanele kwenziwe. Uzosiqaphela lesi sigaba njengoba amaqabunga aphansi azokoma kuyilapho sonke isitshalo namaqabunga amathathu aphezulu azophenduka abe luhlaza.
Ukulungiswa kwendawo ukuze kulinywe ukolweni
Umhlabathi ongcono kakhulu ongawusebenzisa ubumba olune-lime eyanele. Uma usebenzisa inhlabathi enezinto eziphilayo ezincane, uzodinga ukuvundisa kusengaphambili noma utshale izitshalo ozozisebenzisa njengomanyolo oluhlaza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inhlabathi kufanele ikwazi ukukhipha kalula, ijule kakhulu futhi ibe ne-pH ephakathi kuka-6,0 no-7,5.
Isinyathelo sokuqala sokutshala ukolweni ukulungisa umhlabathi. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokulima umhlabathi ekujuleni okungamasentimitha ayi-15 ukususa ukhula neziqu zezitshalo ezihlala ezweni. Bese u-rasha ukuze ulinganise umhlabathi bese uphinda inqubo futhi. Inhlabathi kumele ilingane kakhulu. Uma usebenzisa izitshalo zasebusika, kufanele uhlwanyele imbewu emasontweni ayi-7 ngemuva kokulungiswa kwenhlabathi, okuyisici okufanele icatshangelwe lapho ulungisa umhlabathi. Izinhlobo zasentwasahlobo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zingahlwanyelwa ngemva kokuba inhlabathi isilungile.
Emhlabathini ocebile ifomula ye-nitrogen engu-4%, i-potassium engu-4% kanye ne-12% ye-phosphoric acid kufanele isetshenziswe. Ngokufanayo, umquba, i-slag, nama-phosphates kungasetshenziswa ukuvundisa umhlabathi lapho kutshalwa khona ukolweni.
Indlela yokuhlwanyela ukolweni isinyathelo ngesinyathelo
Ukutshala imbewu kakolweni kuqala ngokuvundisa umhlabathi ngenani elincane lomquba ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinga lomhlabathi ngaphambi kokutshala. Nakuba uqaphela ukuthi inhlabathi insundu emnyama futhi inomswakama, kodwa akudingekile, sebenzisa umquba, kodwa kuhle ukuthi uthintane ne-agronomist ochwepheshe mayelana nezimo zenhlabathi esetshenzisiwe.
Imisele kufanele yakhiwe emhlabathini ebangeni elingu-15-20 cm. Ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo ezisetshenzisiwe, imbewu kufanele itshalwe ekujuleni kuka-3 kuya ku-6 cm. Nakuba emhlabathini ovulekile kakhulu, ingahlwanyelwa ekujuleni kuka-7,5 cm.
Ngemva kokuhlwanyela imbewu, kufanele iniselwe ukuvumela umswakama wenhlabathi ukuvumela ukolweni ukukhula. Uma izulu lingazange line isikhathi esingaphezu kwesonto, kufanele unisele izitshalo zakho.
Ukuvunwa kukakolweni
Ngokuvamile, ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ngemva kokutshala, ukuvuna kungaqala. Uzokwazi ukuthi yisikhathi esifanele lapho amaqabunga omile futhi izinhlamvu zinokuvumelana okuhle. Qaphela ukuthi uma ukolweni ushiywe ensimini isikhathi eside, ungabhujiswa umoya neziphepho.
Uma unepulazi elincane, ungavuna ngesikela. Endaweni ebanzi, sebenzisa isikhethi, umshini oklanyelwe ukugunda uvundlile. Iziqu zisikwa cishe ngamasentimitha angama-30 ukusuka phansi. Ukuvuna ngomshini kufanele kwenziwe elangeni eligcwele futhi ngaphandle kwamazolo, njenge hlanganisa abavuni basebenza kahle kakhulu kulezi zimo.
Bese ubeka izitshalo zikakolweni endaweni eyomile, enomoya omuhle lapho zizogqunywa khona ukuze zingalahleki futhi uzivumele ukuba zifinyelele izinga elithile lokuvuthwa ngemva kwezinsuku eziyi-10 kuya kweziyi-15. Ekugcineni, iyabhulwa futhi isivuno saso sesilungele ukudayisa.
ukunakekela okuthile
Ngaphezu kwesikhathi sokutshala kanye nenkathi yokukhula kukakolweni, ukukhula kokhula kungabangelwa ukungawenzi umsebenzi ofanele emhlabathini. Ezindaweni eziningi kufanele kusetshenziswe umuthi wokubulala ukhula, ikakhulukazi uma kusetshenziswa ukolweni wasebusika. Uma kungenjalo, kufanele ulawule ukhula kusenesikhathi ngenxa yokukhula ngokushesha. Ukuze uthole ukhula olungapheli, ungasebenzisa ama-phytohormones okwenziwa.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi ukolweni uvunwa kanjani kanye nezinye izici zayo eziyinhloko.