Abantu kudingeka ukuthi banikeze abantu bonke ukudla okwanele. Okuningi kwalokhu kudla kuvela emhlabeni ngokuhlanganisa izinqubo ezahlukene nolwazi olutholwe eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane edlule. Inhloso yezolimo ukukhiqiza ukudla okuyimvelaphi yezitshalo njengezithelo, imifino, okusanhlamvu, imifino, phakathi kokunye, ukuhlanganisa lonke lolu lwazi nezinqubo ezaziwayo ngokwelashwa komhlaba.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela yini ezolimo, izici zazo nezinhlobo ezahlukene ezikhona.
Kuyini ezolimo
Ezolimo umsebenzi wezomnotho womkhakha oyinhloko. Ifaka phakathi konke ukuziphatha okuhlose ukuguqula indawo ezungezile ukuyenza ifaneleke ngokwengeziwe, ngaleyo ndlela kukhiqize umkhiqizo wenhlabathi ophakeme. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ithola ukudla okuzosetshenziswa ngqo noma ukucutshungulwa okulandelayo kwezimboni, okuholele enanini elingeziwe.
Ezolimo zaqala ukuchuma kwi-Neolithic ye-Stone Age, yize imvelaphi yayo yabuyela ezikhathini zangaphambi komlando futhi yathuthukiswa ngokuzimela ngamasiko ahlukahlukene. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, abantu ababethembele emnothweni osuselwe ekuzingeleni kuphela, ekudobeni nasekubutheni ngendlela yokuzulazula. Baqala ukusebenza umhlaba, bakhiqiza ezolimo futhi bathola izilimo zabo zokuqala, njengokolweni nebhali, futhi basebenzisa imfuyo njengenye into eyisisekelo lapho beyeka ukuba ngabazulane. Imfuyo, njengezolimo, Kwakungumsebenzi oyisisekelo wezomnotho ukusekela impilo emphakathini.
Ukubaluleka komlando wezolimo
Ukwamukelwa kwezolimo kusho izinguquko ezakhiweni ngaphakathi kwaleyo miphakathi eyifakayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukwanda kokuphakelwa kokudla kwandisa inani labantu futhi kwenza kuthuthukiswe impilo yokuhlala phansi. Umphakathi uya ngokuya uba yinkimbinkimbi, ukuhlukaniswa kwabasebenzi kukhulu futhi izinkambiso ezintsha zokuhlalisana ndawonye. Kukhona nokuthuthuka okukhulu kwemisebenzi yobuciko neyezentengiso. Konke lokhu kuguqulela ekuguqukeni okuphumelelayo kwemiphakathi. Khumbula ukuthi uma amadolobha amakhulu embozwe ukudla, umphakathi ungachuma futhi ube yinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe.
Kodwa-ke, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ezolimo kufanele zihlelwe ngendlela esimeme. Ukulima ngokungakhethi nangokunganakekelwa kungaba nomthelela omubi kakhulu emvelweni. Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje kube nokwanda okukhathazayo ekukhiqizeni kakhulu izimboni. Konke lokhu kuhumusha ekusetshenzisweni okunamandla kwamakhemikhali namanyolo ahlukene lokho guqula inqubo yokukhula kokudla kanye nomthelela wayo empilweni yabathengi. Njengoba kunesidingo esikhulu sokudla kanye nesibopho sokuthola isiqinisekiso sokutholakala, ubunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo buphoqeleke ukuthi buthuthukise izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokwandisa ukukhula kwezitshalo.
Ngomqondo wesayensi nokukhethwa kwemvelo, lezo zinhlobo ezikhulisa izakhi zofuzo ezingcono zikhethwa ukwenza ngcono yonke inzuzo. Amasiko aya ngokuba yinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe njengoba lezo zinhlobo zikhethiwe ezinezici ezingcono ze-organoleptic nokuthi amelana kakhulu nezimo ezingezinhle zemvelo kanye nezinambuzane nezifo ejwayelekile kwezolimo. Ngakho-ke, siyabona ezitolo ezinkulu izinhlobo ezahlukene zezithelo nemifino enemibala emihle kakhulu nekhwalithi emangalisayo. Kukho konke lokhu kungezwa ukusetshenziswa komanyolo, ukubulala ukhula, izibulala-zinambuzane, njll. Yikuphi usizo lokuqhubeka nokwandisa ukukhula. Uma utshala uhlobo lwotamatisi, ngokwesibonelo, olungazange luphathwe ngezimboni, uyabona ukuthi ikhwalithi ayifani ngoba ingumkhiqizo "wemvelo" ngaphezulu.
Izinhlobo
Siyazi ukuthi ezolimo zezimboni njengenhloso yazo enkulu ukukhiqizwa kokudla okuningi okususelwa kwimikhiqizo yezitshalo. Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlobo eziningi zezolimo ngokuya ngezimpawu, inhloso yokugcina kanye nemvelaphi yazo ngayinye yazo. Sizobona ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezolimo ezikhona nezimpawu zazo eziyinhloko. Zizohlukaniswa ngokuya ngezici ezithile. Izinyathelo zokuqala zizosuselwa kumthamo womkhiqizo abawukhiqizayo:
- Ukulima kokuziphilisa: inhloso enkulu yalo mkhakha wezolimo ukugcina izinga eliphansi lokukhiqiza. Inhloso kuphela ukondla umphakathi ozinzile futhi kuzokwehlisa inani labantu. Ukuba ngumkhiqizo ophansi kangako, akuvame ukudala ukugqokwa okukhulu kwenhlabathi.
- Ezolimo zezimboni: ingenye equkethe ukukhiqizwa kokudla okuningi okuvela enhlabathini. Kuyinto ejwayelekile kulawo mazwe asethuthukile futhi athuthukile angaqinisekisi kuphela ukwaneliseka kwezidingo zabantu, kepha futhi ahlose ukuthengisa ngensalela ukuthekelisa ukudla kwamanye amazwe.
Ezinye izinhlobo zezolimo zincike ekubalulekeni kwamanzi ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza. Lokhu kungokulandelayo:
- Ukunisela: Luhlobo oluyisisekelo lwezolimo ngoba lunohlelo lokunisela futhi lusebenzisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene zemvelo nezokuzenzela ukunisela. Zonke izinhlobo lapha zidinga amanzi aqhubekayo. Enye yezinhlelo zokunisela ezaziwa kakhulu ukunisela ngenkasa.
- Imvula: lapha akudingekile ukuthi kuniselwe ngokufakelwa, kepha umswakama odingekayo ekukhiqizeni unikezwa yimvula. Asikho isidingo sokuthi umlimi angenelele.
Ezinye izinhlobo zezolimo kuye ngezindlela zokukhiqiza ezisetshenzisiwe nokusebenza kwazo yilezi ezilandelayo:
- Ezolimo ezibanzi: inhloso yezolimo ebanzi akuyona ukusebenza kwezomnotho kangako, kepha ukunakekelwa kwenhlabathi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kusetshenziswa izindawo ezinkulu zomhlaba zokuguguleka futhi zinamazinga aphansi okukhiqiza. Inzuzo enkulu yezolimo ebanzi ukuthi inhlabathi ayonakalanga futhi ayinamphumela omkhulu kangako.
- ezolimo ezijulile: inhloso enkulu ukukhiqizwa kokudla ngobuningi endaweni encane phansi. Lolu hlobo lwamasiko luyingozi emvelweni kwazise ligcina seludla phansi ikhwalithi yenhlabathi nokuyenza ilahlekelwe ukuzala kwayo. Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa kuwo wonke amazwe athuthukile kakhulu.
Ekugcineni, ngokuya ngenqubo esetshenziswe enhlosweni enkulu, kunezinye izinhlobo zezolimo:
- Industrial: Le ndlela yokukhiqiza ihlose ukuthola inqwaba yokudla okuzokwazi ukumaketha endaweni kanye nokuthekelisa okusele kwamanye amazwe.
- Ezolimo zemvelo: okubaluleke kakhulu akukhona ukuguqula imvelo nokunciphisa imithelela. Ukunakekelwa kwenhlabathi kumele kube yinto ephambili futhi, ngenxa yalokhu, kusetshenziswa izindlela ezifanele nobuchwepheshe.
- Ezolimo zendabuko: Kubonakala kakhulu ngokusebenzisa amasu nezinqubo zomdabu zesifunda esithile. Onke lawa masu asabalalisa isizukulwane ngesizukulwane ngenxa yesiko lendawo.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi yini ezolimo kanye nezici zayo.