Sekuyizinkulungwane eziningi zeminyaka, cishe kusukela thina, i- Homo sapiens, savela emhlabeni cishe eminyakeni engama-200.000 edlule, besilokhu sinobuhlobo obusondelene kakhulu nezitshalo. Ngenxa yabo sikwazile ukuzivikela emakhazeni naselangeni elishisayo, sikwazile ukuzondla futhi, futhi, sifunde ukupholisa amanxeba nezinye izifo.
Ukubuza ukuthi yini i-ethnobotany ukubuza ukuthi buphi ubuhlobo esinabo ngempela nombuso wezitshalo ngakho-ke kungani zibaluleke kangaka kithi.
Iyini incazelo ye-ethnobotany?
I-Ethnobotany (kusuka kuma-Greek ethnos okusho abantu nomuthi wezitshalo) yisayensi ehlola ubudlelwano phakathi kwabantu nemvelo yabo yezitshalo, okungukuthi, ukusetshenziswa nendlela okufanele sizisebenzise ngayo ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomhlaba nangezikhathi ezingafani.
Yize, njengoba sishilo, besisebenzisa izitshalo ukusizuzisa izinkulungwane zeminyaka, i-ethnobotany yavela cishe ngekhulu lama-77 AD. C., lapho udokotela ohlinzayo ongumGreki uDioscorides eshicilela i- "De Materia Medica", ikhathalogi yokuqala enezitshalo ezingama-600 zaseMedithera ezichaza ukuthi zazisetshenziselwa kanjani ukwelashwa. Kule herbarium ebonisiwe ungaba nemininingwane mayelana nenye ngayinye yazo: zithathwe kuphi futhi kanjani, noma ngabe zinobuthi, ukusetshenziswa kwamanje, noma ngabe ziyadliwa noma cha. Ezizukulwaneni eziningi abafundi bafunde kule herbarium, kepha abazange bangene kulo mkhakha kuze kube yiNkathi Ephakathi.
Kusukela lapho, abanye abaningi bashicilela imifanekiso ebaluleke ngokulinganayo, njenge "Species Plantarum" kaCarlos Linnaeus (1753), esikweleta uBinomial Nomenclature Method, lapho zonke izinhlobo zinamagama amabili (uhlobo nezinhlobo), noma »Izitshalo ze abantu baseTewa »baseNew Mexico, eyashicilelwa nguBarbara Freire-Marreco ngo-1916.
Kufundwa kanjani ukusetshenziswa kwezitshalo?
Indlela yokutadisha ukusetshenziswa kwezitshalo imi kanje:
- Okokuqala, yisho imicabango. Isibonelo, uma bazi ukuthi kukhona isitshalo esingahle sibe semithi, yikhona lapho beveza khona umbono wabo.
- Ngemuva bayakuphenya, ezincwadini nasendaweni yabo yokuhlala.
- Ngemuva kwalokho bahlanganisa izibalo futhi uhlaziye imininingwane.
- Ekugcineni, uhumushe imiphumela futhi uhlole imibono yabo.
Kungani kubalulekile?
Ngenxa yocwaningo lwezitshalo, sonke isintu singazuza ngendlela efanayo kuzo. Siyakwazi, sibonga izincwadi, ukuthi iziphi izitshalo ezingaba wusizo kithina futhi yiziphi ezingasizi.
I-Ethnobotany yindaba ethakazelisa kakhulu, awucabangi? 🙂