Izitshalo ezinengxenye ethile edliwayo imvamisa yilezo ezigcina zinezinambuzane nezifo eziningi. Kunezinhlobonhlobo zezinambuzane, isikhunta, amagciwane kanye namagciwane azithintayo. Umvini, umgibeli odume kakhulu ngesikhathi samaholide kaKhisimusi, unebhadi lokuba sengozini enkulu ohlotsheni lwe-aphid olwaziwa nge-phylloxera.
Lesi yisifo esibuhlungu esacishe saqothula izivini zaseMalaga ngo-1878. Naphezu kwakho konke, singathola izimpande ezingamelana nazo, kepha ... Singazi kanjani ukuthi isitshalo sethu sine-phylloxera?
Uyini umvini phylloxera?
I-phylloxera yomvini, ogama layo lesayensi ngu I-Viteus vitifoliae) ungowokuzalwa kwe-aphid e-United States, lapho udla khona amaqabunga nezimpande zomvini waseMelika. Umjikelezo wakhe kulezi zitshalo unje:
- Ama-overwinters amaqanda kumagxolo esitshalo.
- Kuchanyuselwa ngoMashi-Ephreli (eNyakatho Nenkabazwe), kuvele isibungu.
- Isibungu siya emaqabungeni bese siwaluma ngaphansi, lapho kwakhiwa khona inyongo ephuzi, bese sibekela amaqanda afinyelela kuma-600.
- U-10% wala maqanda ahlala akha ama-galls emaqabungeni (okungaba yi-neogallic-chicken aphid), kuyilapho ama-90% ethuthela ezimpandeni (ama-aphid neogallic-root).
Ama-phylloxeras aqhamuka ezimpandeni ezifukamela kakhulu ezimpandeni kuze kube nguJuni, abe yizimpungushe. Owesifazane ngamunye ubeka iqanda koqweqwe, ngaleyo ndlela aqale umjikelezo omusha.
Ziyini izimpawu / ukulimala okukubangelayo?
Umonakalo, ezimweni eziningi, ubucayi kakhulu. Singazibona ku:
- Kushiya: ukuvela kwamagill wobukhulu obuthile, ophuzi ngombala, ngaphansi.
- Ifa: izigaxa ngesimo samafindo noma izilimo eziyizigaxa eziphazamisa imisinga yokuphuza.
Ngonyaka wokuqala singahle singaboni ukuthi inayo, kepha phakathi nonyaka wesibili, sizobona ukuthi emaphethelweni amaqabunga alahlekelwa kanjani yiklorofili, ukuthi izithelo ziwela ngaphambi kokuvuthwa nokuthi ekugcineni, isitshalo siyafa ngenxa yokubola okusuka ezimpandeni .
Kungavinjelwa?
Ngenhlanhla, yebo. Ukuvimbela kuqukethe thola izinhlobo zomvini zaseYurophu ezimpandeni ezingamelana ne-phylloxera, njengeRiparia, iRupestris noma iBerlandieri, ingahlanzekile noma ihlanganiswe.