Ezolimo zaziyinto ebalulekile ekusombululeni isizungu nokwenelisa abantu. Ngenxa yokulungiswa komhlaba ngokukhula kwezinhlobo zezitshalo, kuye kwenzeka ukudala amasu ahlukahlukene asetshenzisiwe ngenxa yezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokutshala. Enye yazo yi- polyculture. Kuyindlela yemifino ekhulayo enikeza izinzuzo nezinzuzo ezithile emhlabeni wezolimo.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana ne-polyculture, izici zayo, izinzuzo nezinzuzo.
Izici eziyinhloko
Ukuze sichaze ukuthi ziyini izici ze-polyculture, kufanele futhi sisho lezo ze-monoculture eyodwa. Ukulima isitshalo esisodwa, njengoba igama liphakamisa, kubhekisa ekutshalweni kohlobo olulodwa, impilo yezitshalo. Lokho wukuthi, kungumsebenzi wezolimo obandakanyeke ngokuphelele ohlotsheni lwesitshalo noma ezinhlobonhlobo ezikukhulisa endaweni enkulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-polyculture ibhekisa ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene emkhakheni. Izinhlobo zingaba nobukhulu obuhlukile kepha zonke zinokunakekelwa okudingekayo ekukhuleni kwazo okulungile kanye nentuthuko.
Isici esiyinhloko se-polyculture ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezithintekayo enqubweni yezolimo. Ukulima ngamakhambi owodwa kusho ukutshala izandiso ezine-morphology efanayo nezici zofuzo zesitshalo esifanayo, ngakho-ke akukho ukwehluka. Lapho sibona umhlaba wezolimo une-polyculture, kungabonakala ukuhlukahluka okukhulu kofuzo nokwakheka kwezakhi zofuzo okumelwe kubantu abahlukahlukene abasetshenziselwa ezolimo.
Imvamisa, i-monoculture imvamisa iyazenzekela ngoba imishini ingasetshenziswa ukuhlinzeka izakhamzimba ezidingekayo ngoba zonke ziyizinhlobo ezifanayo futhi zizodinga okufanayo. Futhi kudinga umsebenzi omncane, ngenkathi i-polyculture imvamisa yenziwa ngendlela yendabuko ngokwengeziwe ngemisebenzi yezandla eyenziwa ngumuntu, noma kunjalo ngenxa yezobuchwepheshe kukhona nezitshalo ezenzakalelayo ze-polyculture.
Izibonelo ze-polyculture ne-monoculture eyodwa
Ngaphambi kokuhlaziya ukuthi ziyini izinzuzo ze-polyculture, ake sibone izibonelo zazo zombili:
- Izibonelo ze-monoculture eyodwa: imidumba, amakinati, amakinati noma ibhali kuvame ukutshalwa ngakunye ensimini. Imvamisa kuyizindawo ezinkulu zomhlaba ezinikezelwe kuphela kulesi sitshalo.
- Izibonelo ze-polyculture: Imvamisa kuba ukulima kokuziphilisa, ngoba okusele kuya ekuhwebeni futhi imvamisa kuyizinhlelo zezolimo ezinemodeli yensimu lapho kutshalwa khona izinhlobo eziningi ezifana notamatisi, upelepele, ulethisi, njll.
Izinzuzo ze-polyculture
Uma sihlaziya ubuhle bazo zombili izinhlobo zezinhlelo, siyabona ukuthi zombili zinezinzuzo nezinzuzo. Ngamunye unenhloso ehlukile futhi inzuzo enkulu ukuthi izici zayo zonke zingenziwa ngolwazi olucacile ngakho. Uhlelo lokuqala lwezolimo lunenzuzo yokuthi bangaba nomkhiqizo ophakeme kakhulu. Futhi ukuthi ikwazi ukukhiqiza ukudla ngobuningi ngenxa yokwandiswa okukhulu komhlaba owumbozayo ngenhloso enkulu yokwanelisa ukufunwa esikhathini esifushane. Zonke lezi zibalo zokukhiqiza zivumela ukunciphisa izindleko ezifanayo ukuze kungasetshenziswa kakhulu abasebenzi lapho kunemishini.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-polyculture inezici ezithile ezimakwe kahle emkhakheni wezemvelo. Ngenkathi izinhlobo eziningana zisetshenziselwa ukuhlwanyela, zonke izakhi zomzimba ezikhona enhlabathini zisetshenziswa ngokwanele, ikakhulukazi uma kusetshenziswa izibonelo ezifanele ezinikeza umbhede othile. Enye yezinzuzo zemvelo ye-polyculture ukunciphisa ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi njengoba izitshalo zisebenza njengesikhuthazi semvula ngenkathi amaqabunga awayo ngenxa yezinsalela zezitshalo esebenza ukucebisa le ndawo.
Izindawo ezine-polyculture imvamisa sebenzisa kangcono izinsiza ezikhona njengamanzi, inhlabathi, ukukhanya, inqobo nje uma kusetshenziswe izinhlobo ezifanele zezinhlobo. Imvamisa kukhuthaza ukwanda kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo zendawo, kwandise inani lezinto eziphilayo kulo lonke uhlelo. Konke lokhu futhi kubanga indawo efanelekile yokukhula nokuthuthuka kwezitha zemvelo zezinambuzane ezithile zezitshalo, ngakho-ke izehlakalo zezilokazane nezifo ezinhlotsheni ezihlwanyelwe ziphansi kakhulu. Ngalokhu, kungenzeka ukwenza ukulawulwa kwezinto eziphilayo noma zemvelo uma kunesidingo sokusebenzisa amakhemikhali, ngakho-ke imikhiqizo etholakala kulolu hlobo lokuvuna inomsoco futhi inempilo kakhulu.
Ekugcineni, olunye ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi isivuno esiphezulu singatholakala endaweni ye-polyculture, inqobo nje uma kukhethwa izinhlobo ezifanele. Ukuphela kwento okufanele uyikhumbule yilokho ukunwetshwa komhlaba kuncane futhi isivuno sitholakala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
nebubi
Njengoba ungalindela, kukhona futhi ukwehla okuthile kulezi zinhlobo zokutshala. Okufanele kakhulu ukulinywa ngohlobo olulodwa ukuthi zilulaza imvelo ngezinga elikhulu. Futhi ukuthi bawusebenzisa ngokweqile umjikelezo wesitshalo ngasinye ngaphezu kokusebenzisa izingubo ezingaphezulu zamakhemikhali ukulawula ukutholakala kwezilokazane nezifo nokwanda kwazo. Imikhiqizo etholwayo ingaba nemiphumela ethile empilweni noma ibe nemithelela engemihle ngokwengeziwe empilweni yokudla. Iphinda futhi iwuthinte kabi umhlabathi kusukela ngokuhlwanyela nokuthuthukisa uhlobo olulodwa kuphela lwemifino emhlabathini ofanayo ithambekele kakhulu ekonakaleni kwayo okuqhubekayo.
Inani elithile likasawoti livame ukuqongelela, lithinte ukuzala kwenhlabathi nokuguguleka kwesikhathi eside. Endabeni ye-polyculture, okungahambi kahle kakhulu ukuthi umsebenzi uba lukhuni ngokwengeziwe ngoba kunezinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo ezihilelekile ezitshalweni. Phambilini kufanele kwenziwe isifundo esifanele ekuhlanganisweni kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezizosetshenziswa ukukhulisa isivuno seziza ezizosetshenziswa.
I-polyculture yokuxubanisa ishintshanisa izinhlobo ezihlwanyela endaweni efanayo ukuze inhlabathi ingabi nengcindezi eyeqile ekusetshenzisweni kwezakhi ezithile zomsoco. Inqubo ye-polyculture nayo yenziwa endaweni yasemanzini ngokukhulisa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinhlanzi emachibini ezentengiselwano zesikhathi esizayo.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi nge-polyculture, izici zayo kanye nobuhle bayo.