I-Yerba mate isitshalo esaziwa ngokwesayensi ngokuthi i-Paraguay holly. Selokhu kwaba khona kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo futhi kuyingxenye yesiko Culinary. Iyaziwa ngokunambitha kwayo okubabayo kanye nezinzuzo zayo ekwelapheni izifo ezithile zempilo. Isakazeka ngokwemvelo futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu izakhamuzi zaseParaná nase-Alto Uruguay, lapho isuka khona. Kamuva, yatshalwa ngezinga elihlelekile futhi yaba isithako esiyinhloko esiphuzweni esivamile. I-Yerba mate igcine ukuhlonishwa kwayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ikakhulukazi emazweni aseNingizimu Melika anjengePanama, i-Argentina, iBrazil, iParaguay, i-Uruguay neChile, lapho kuwuphawu lwesiko labo. Nokho, abantu abaningi abazi yini yerba mate.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele ukuthi yini i-yerba mate, yiziphi izici zayo kanye nokunakekelwa okuyinhloko okudingayo.
Yini yerba mate
Kuyisihlahla esihlala endaweni eshisayo ehlala ehlathini laseParaná, futhi endle simila emahlathini ase-Alto Uruguay, i-Alto Paraná Basin kanye nemingenela yoMfula iParaguay. Emvelweni ingafinyelela ubude obungamamitha ayi-15, kuyilapho emasimini iba isihlahla esincane esingu-11 cm ubude nesiqu esinamagatsha. ngokuhweba, Itshalwa e-Argentina, umkhiqizi omkhulu we-yerba mate emhlabeni, ilandelwa yiBrazil neParaguay.
Kuyisihlahla esihlala siluhlaza esingawi ekwindla, futhi amaqabunga ahlala cishe iminyaka emi-3 esitshalweni. Amagatsha avela esihlahleni ema-engeli alungile, anezinaliti, amaqabunga aluhlaza anamachopho aminyene kanye nemithambo ephuzi ephawulwe kakhulu. Ithola umlingani emaqabunga awo omile aphansi kanye namagatsha, ukumnika okudumile okuvela eParaguay, e-Argentina, eningizimu yeBrazil, eBolivia, e-Uruguay naseChile.
Phakathi nenkathi yokuqhakaza (October-November) ikhiqiza izimbali ezimhlophe, izibonelo zesilisa zinezimbali ezisuka kwezi-3 kuye kweziyi-11 kanye nezinsikazi ezisuka ku-3 kuya kweziyi-11 ezixegayo nge-dioecious ngayinye. Isithelo sivuthwa kusukela kuMasingana kuya kuNdasa futhi sinsomi, sibomvu noma simnyama uma sesivuthiwe. Ukuvuna kwe-yerba mate kwenziwa ngesandla, kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuMeyi futhi kuqhubeke kuze kube uSepthemba. Ngemva kokuvuna, isihlahla se-yerba mate sizokhula amaqabunga amaningi.
Izakhiwo kanye nendawo yokuhlala
Lesi sitshalo sitholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo noma ezishisayo lapho kunomswakama kanye nemvula eningi, njengezintaba namahlathi ayimihosha. Ngokuqondene nomhlabathi, ithanda ubumba noma isihlabathi, ene-asidi ethile. Isebenza kahle ezindaweni eziphansi ezinamapayipi okwanele nokujula. Futhi kulezo zindawo lapho kukhona umhlaba odumile obomvu noma obomvu. Lokhu kunikeza imisoco efana ne-lateite namaminerali ahlukahlukene ukukhuthaza ukukhula okuvamile.
Enye yezinto ezivelele kakhulu ze-yerba mate yi-antioxidants yayo. Ngakho-ke, isetshenziselwa ukuvimbela ukuguga kwamangqamuzana. Iphinde ivuselele izivikeli ezingokwemvelo zomzimba futhi ivimbele izifo zenhliziyo, ngoba yehlisa lokho okubizwa ngokuthi yi-cholesterol embi.
I-Yerba mate iqukethe i-caffeine ne-theophylline, okuyinto ivuselela isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko futhi ikhuthaze umsebenzi wengqondo nokugxila. Amaminerali afana ne-potassium abalulekile ukuze inhliziyo isebenze kahle. Futhi iqukethe i-magnesium ekahle ukusiza umzimba ukumunca amaprotheni. Iqukethe ama-amino acid namavithamini B, adingekayo ekukhiqizeni amandla.
Ezinye izinto ezivikela impilo zalesi sitshalo yi-diuretic, depurative, vasoconstrictor, bronchodilator, laxative kanye nezakhiwo zokuphulukisa. Kuthiwa ivuselela umsebenzi wokuqonda.
Ukukhiqizwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-yerba mate
I-Yerba mate ingasakazwa ngembewu, kodwa lokhu akulula njengoba kudinga inqubo enzima. Imbewu iqoqwa esithelweni sesitshalo sikamama kanye bese zitshalwa futhi endaweni elawulwayo. Lapho izithombo zihluma, zihamba ziye endaweni enkulu lapho ziqeda khona ukwakha. Uma ufuna ukuphindaphinda ngokushesha, ungakwenza ngokusika, izingqimba kanye nokuxhunyelelwa. Impova yenziwa izinambuzane.
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zeziphuzo zilungiswa emaqabunga omisiwe naphansi kanye namagatsha alesi sitshalo. I-Mate, i-tereré ne-cocido igqamile, kodwa edume kakhulu i-mate. E-Argentina nase-Uruguay idliwa njengoswidi. Kwamanye amazwe afana neParaguay, idliwa ibaba noma nobisi olushisayo uma lina.
Lokhu kufakwa kwenziwa ngamanzi ashisayo kanye ne-yerba mate okuxekethile. Kungcono ukuthathwa esitsheni esenziwe ngokhuni noma izinto ezifanayo ngotshani, ugwayi noma isibani. UTereré udakwe i- guambá, isitsha esenziwe ngokhuni noma ngophondo. Lokhu kujwayelekile eParaguay futhi kulungiswa kakhulu ngamanzi eqhwa ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu. I-Mint noma i-orange noma i-lemon zest ngokuvamile iyengezwa.
I-cocido i-yerba mate abilisiwe. Ngemuva kokubilisa, hlunga bese wengeza ushukela. Ithathwa nobisi. EParaguay isetshenziswa esikhundleni sekhofi lasekuseni. Ngaphezu kweziphuzo, abangane bomshado kanye ne-trere amasiko e-Southern Cone. Kukhona isiko noma isenzo somphakathi sokuwangenisa. Kuye ngesiphuzo esikhethiwe, sibizwa ngokuthi i-Tererada noma i-Mateada. Kuhlanganisa ukwabelana nabangani noma umndeni ohlanganayo futhi uxoxe. Bonke abahambele umcimbi baphuza esitsheni esisodwa kanye notshani obufanayo.
Njengoba iyisiko, inemithetho yayo futhi kufanele ihlonishwe. Uma umuntu emenyiwe, kusho ukuthi iqembu liyamazisa futhi ufuna ukwabelana naye ngalo. Bekuyisipiliyoni esisondelene, esimnandi nesiphusile kubo bonke ababelana ngaso.
Abakhiqizi abakhulu be-yerba mate emhlabeni yi-Argentina, Brazil kanye neParaguay. Izwe elithenga kwamanye amazwe i-yerba mate kakhulu yi-Uruguay, ilandelwe yiChile ne-United States. I-yerba mate yase-Argentina ithengwa kakhulu yiSyria. Izwe lesibili yiChile, kodwa ngenani elincane kakhulu.
Izinzuzo
I-Yerba mate inhle kakhulu empilweni yakho futhi lapha sikubonisa ezinye zezinzuzo zayo ngomzimba.
- Itiye le-Yerba mate lisekela impilo yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi ngoba liqukethe inani eliphezulu lama-antioxidants, engavimbela izifo ezihlukahlukene zenhliziyo, kanye nokulawula i-cholesterol futhi ivimbele amafutha ekuqoqweni emithanjeni.
- Iphinde ikhulise i-cholesterol enhle, evimbela ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.
- Isiza ukubambezela inqubo yokuguga ngoba ama-antioxidants ayo avimbela ukugqoka kwamaseli kanye ne-oxidation
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi iyini i-yerba mate nezici zayo.