Lo izingadi zomphakathi noma ezomphakathi zihlanganisa iqoqo lezindawo zasemadolobheni zezitshalo ze-horticultural futhi kusekelwe ezolimo eziphilayo. Umsebenzi wabo ubangelwa kakhulu izivumelwano zokuxhaphaza ezisungulwe iziphathimandla zendawo nomuntu oyedwa noma ngaphezulu. Le ingadi ibonakala ngokuba nezindawo ezifanayo ukuze bonke abahlanganyeli bomklamo bakwazi ukufinyelela uchungechunge lwengqalasizinda yomphakathi (izinsiza, imigwaqo, njll.) eqhuba umsebenzi wezolimo.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi ziyini izingadi zomphakathi, izici zazo kanye nezinzuzo zomphakathi.
Ziyini izingadi zomphakathi nemisebenzi yazo
Kuze kuhlukaniswe imisebenzi emi-5 eyinhloko eyenziwa ingadi yezenhlalo:
- Ukuhlelwa kwedolobha: Guqula izindawo ezonakele noma ezilahliwe zibe izindawo eziwusizo futhi uthuthukise izindawo zasemadolobheni ngokungeza izindawo eziluhlaza ezengeziwe ibhulokhi ngayinye noma indawo.
- Imvelo: Zisebenza njengezihlungi zokuvimbela ukungcola, zisebenze njengamaphaphu futhi zithuthukise izinga lomoya ngomoya ohlanzekile.
- Ukwelashwa: Ukukhula ngaphandle kunikeza izinzuzo eziningi ezihlobene nempilo yomuntu siqu kanye nokuphila kahle, njengoba kusiza ukuqeda ukucindezeleka futhi kuhilela ukuvivinya umzimba okulinganiselwe.
- Ukuzijabulisa: Izingadi zomphakathi ziyithuba elihle lemisebenzi ehlanganyelwe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi okomndeni, ukwelapha, izizathu zemfundo noma nje njengento yokuzilibazisa.
- Cultura: Ngomsebenzi wezolimo, amasiko ahlobene nolwazi lwasemaphandleni nolwendawo ayagcinwa futhi avuselelwe ngokufunda nangezenzo zabadlali abasha.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwezingadi zomphakathi
Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kungabandakanya izibonelo eziningi, izinjongo eziningi ezifanayo (isayensi, ezohwebo, njll.) zingamakwa kuphrojekthi ngayinye, futhi ihlelo lensimu yezithelo ngayinye lizohluka ngokuya ngendawo yendawo. Izinsimu zezithelo ezivame kakhulu yilezi:
- Ingadi ezithengisayo: Njengoba igama laso lisho, umsebenzi omkhulu wukuhlinzeka ngokudla kwababhekele isilimo, ukuze sikwazi ukuzimela.
- Izingadi zezemfundo: Ngemisebenzi ye-didactic, ingasetshenziselwa ukutadisha esikoleni, indawo yasenyuvesi noma nabantu asebekhulile. Atholakala phakathi nendawo nangaphandle kwesakhiwo.
- izingadi zokwelapha: Asetshenziselwa ukusiza abantu abanokukhubazeka okuthile noma abakhubazekile, izinkinga zengqondo, izidakamizwa, njll. Bancike ezinhlelweni zokusiza umphakathi.
- Izingadi zokungcebeleka: Ngokwemvelo yokudlala, yingakho bemelela ukuzilibazisa kwabahlanganyeli, abaphethe imisebenzi yezolimo ngesikhathi sabo samahhala, ngokuvamile ngesikhathi samaholide.
Njengoba sibhekene nokucindezeleka kokuphila kwansuku zonke nomsebenzi, ingadi yezenhlalakahle iba yindawo lapho singabelana nabanye ngezinsiza esinikezwa umhlaba.
Ukuhlwanyela izindlela zokuhlala edolobheni
Ikusasa elinobulungiswa emphakathini neliqhubekayo lisho ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwezindawo zemvelo eziphuthumayo, lapho ezolimo zasemadolobheni kufanele zibambe iqhaza elibalulekile. Ubudlelwano phakathi kwezindawo zokuhlaliswa kwabantu kanye nomhlaba wezolimo oseduze ngomunye we izici eziyinhloko ezichaza umphakathi wesintu. Ngokomlando, amadolobha akhulume kwezolimo kwaze kwaba yilapho ukuthuthuka kwezimboni kushesha futhi ukufinyelela emandleni amaningi nashibhile kuvumela ukuqhubeka kwedolobha, ezokuthutha amabanga amade, nokwanda kwezimakethe zomhlaba.
Ukwanda kwamadolobha ezimboni kukhuthaze ukuzimela okungelona iqiniso ekudleni okukhiqizwe endaweni kanye nempahla yesizini, okube nesandla ekuwohlokeni kancane kancane nasekuhlukaniseni izindawo zezolimo. Ama-mirages, izinkinga zezomnotho namandla kanye nomthamo oweqile wempahla iplanethi iqala ukubuzwa. Ikusasa elinobulungiswa emphakathini neliqhubekayo lisho ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwezindawo zemvelo eziphuthumayo, lapho ezolimo zasemadolobheni kufanele zibambe iqhaza elibalulekile.
Izinzuzo
Eminyakeni yamuva, izingadi zomphakathi wasemadolobheni ziye zabhekana noguquko lwangempela emadolobheni emhlabeni jikelele ngezizathu ezahlukene, nakuba zibonisa ukuqaphela okukhulu kwesidingo sokuqhubeka nokusimama nokuqonda imvelaphi kanye nekhwalithi yokudla esikudlayo. Lo mkhuba uholele ekutheni U-15% wokudla emhlabeni namuhla uvela ezitshalweni ezitshalwa ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusezingadini, ophahleni lwendlu, izikwele ezinkulu ezindaweni ezivulekile noma ezindaweni ezingenamuntu.
Eqinisweni, lezi zinhlelo zinegalelo elihle emphakathini, ikakhulukazi lokho okubizwa ngezingadi zasemadolobheni zomphakathi. Kusukela ekukhuthazeni imiphakathi enempilo futhi eqaphela kakhulu kuya ekwehliseni lokho okubizwa ngomphumela wesiqhingi sokushisa, lapha sigqamisa izinzuzo eziyi-10 zezingadi zomphakathi wasemadolobheni:
- Isiza ukufinyelela ekudleni okusha kanye nekhwalithi, njengezithelo nemifino, ukuthuthukisa izinga lempilo nempilo.
- Ithuthukisa indawo yezenhlalo engcono endaweni ngokuvumela Vumela omakhelwane bahlanganyele futhi bazane. Khuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kobunikazi bomphakathi.
- Bavumela ukuhlanganiswa kwamaqembu afana nasebekhulile noma abokufika abathola lapha umsebenzi wokuzijabulisa obagcina bekhuthele futhi ebavumela ukuba bahlanganyele nabanye ubudala noma amaqembu amasiko.
- Ikhuthaza impilo yengqondo engcono ngokusiza ukulwa nokucindezeleka.
- Basebenza njengezikhungo zemfundo, ikakhulukazi izingane, mayelana nomthwalo wemfanelo, ukusimama, ukunakekela imvelo kanye nokwazisa umzamo wokutshala ukudla kwabo siqu.
- Izingadi zomphakathi nazo zisiza ukunciphisa umthelela walokho okwaziwa ngokuthi "isiqhingi sokushisa." I-thermal inertia yamanzi akhona ezitshalweni kanye nensimu ngokwayo ivumela insimu ukuthi ibambe ukushisa, ngaleyo ndlela inciphise ukuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa.
- Baphenduka izindawo zokukhosela zasemadolobheni kwezinye izilwane, njengama-pollinator.
- Inganciphisa izikweletu zokudla futhi isebenze njengohlelo lokusekela ukudla emindenini ehola kancane.
- Ithuthukisa umuzwa womphakathi wokuba uyingxenye futhi isiza umphakathi ukuthi uhlenge, ubuyekeze, futhi usebenzise kahle izindawo ezingenamuntu ebezingagcina sezigcwele udoti.
- Siza ukunciphisa udoti ophilayo emphakathini wakho ngokuwusebenzisa njengomquba.
Imiphakathi yendawo ethuthukisa izingadi zomphakathi ihlela ukuvuselela izindawo zasemadolobheni ezonakele ngezinga elincane, okuhlanganisa nokwakhiwa kabusha kweziza okunesizotha, egcizelela ukubaluleka kokusetshenziswa kwezindawo zasemadolobheni kanye nokuvuselelwa kobudlelwano okuhloswe ngayo ukubuyisela ikhwalithi yezindawo ngokuqinisa ubudlelwano bomphakathi (ukuthuthukisa imicimbi efana nemikhosi edumile, izindawo zokudlela noma imizamo yamasiko).
Le mikhuba yasemadolobheni amancane iveza ukungaboni ngaso linye mayelana nemodeli evelele yedolobha kanye nendlela yokuphila eyidalayo. Izingadi zomphakathi ziveza ukuzwela okuningi, izidingo nezimfuneko ezingeni lendawo (ezemvelo, ezakhelene, ezombusazwe, ezobudlelwano...) ngenkathi eqala inqubo yokuzilawula ezingeni lomakhelwane, egcizelela ukubamba iqhaza okuqondile, ukusebenza kwendawo, ukuvuselelwa kobunikazi kanye nokuzibophezela komphakathi ngokubambisana ezindabeni ezahlukene eziwuthintayo.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nezingadi zomphakathi kanye nezici zazo.