El Bursaphelenchus xylophilus Yana daya daga cikin kwayoyin da suke lalata dukkan nau'ikan masu fitar dashi pines da conifers, kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin damuwar da ƙungiyoyin masu ra'ayin ɗabi'ar halitta da majalisun gari suka ɗauka a duk cikin ƙasar Spain.
Wannan yana da alaƙa da Tasirin sa yana da matukar yawa, yana haifar da saurin lalacewar wannan nau'in ciyayi, ba wai kawai lalacewar muhalli ba, har ma da lalacewar tattalin arziki ga dukkan yankuna na kasar.
Menene Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
El Bursaphelenchus xylophilus cuta ce ta itace wacce yawanci ana samun ta a cikin nau'in Pines da a cikin wasu nau'ikan bishiyun coniferous, samun sakamako mai saurin gaske da tasiri a kan bishiyoyi, yana haifar musu da lalacewa da sauri kuma da wahalar dawowa, yana barin su gaba ɗaya sun bushe kuma sun rasa dukiyoyinsu.
Akwai bishiyoyi iri iri wadanda yawanci suke da irin wannan cutar. A Spain ne kawai, jinsunan da suka fi kamuwa da wannan cuta sune 'Ya'yan itacen Scots, da bakin fure da kuma dwarf pine. Akwai wasu da abin ya shafa, amma a dan kadan kasa da wadanda aka ambata a baya, wanda ƙwarewarsu ba ta kai matsayin cutarwa a gare su ba ta wata hanya.
Daga cikin manyan haɗarin da wannan cuta ke iya kawowa, akwai ɓarkewar bishiyoyi kwatsam, sabili da haka bala'in muhalli da ke kawowa canje-canje masu tsauri ga tsarin halittu na gandun daji kuma inda irin wadannan pines din suke kwana.
A lokaci guda, masana'antar katako na iya fuskantar wahala mai tsanani a yankunan da wannan kwaro ya fi wadata, wani abu da ke haifar da matakan keɓewa da za a ɗauka a duk cikin Tarayyar Turai, domin rigakafi da maganin alamomi da illolin cutar.
Tushen
Rarraba wannan kwaro wanda ya shafi nau'ikan bishiyoyi da yawa a duniya ya samo asali ne daga kasashen Arewacin Amurka, inda a zahiri ba ya haifar da babbar lalacewa, saboda nau'ikan pines da conifers da ake samu a can suna da matsayi na juriya fiye da waɗanda ke girma a Turai.
Wannan kwayar halitta ta tsallaka tekuna ta hanyar sayar da itace abin ya shafe shi, ya fara da farko wasu kasashe a yankin na Asiya, inda zai samu kuma ya sauka a jinsunan da basu da halaye masu karfi irin na Amurkawa kuma zasu fara shafar bishiyoyi masu matukar wahala.
Wannan yaduwa a cikin wannan yankin ya faru ne a cikin shekarun farko na karni na XNUMX., inda har yanzu ba a san kasantuwarsa ba kuma an yi amannar cewa alamun wannan annoba ta haifar da wani nau'in kwari, daga dangin masu bore.
Amma wannan koma baya na bishiyoyin Asiya, musamman na China, Koriya da Taiwan ya kasance saboda wannan kwayar, wanda ana kuma kiransa itacen pinewood nematode.
Ba da daɗewa ba kafin ƙarni na XNUMX ya iso, shari'o'in farko na Bursaphelenchus xylophilus a cikin bishiyoyi a cikin Tarayyar Turai, mafi daidai a Fotigal, wani abu da ya sanya ƙararrawar taka tsantsan a duk sauran ƙasashen Turai, saboda yaɗuwarsu a tsakiya da arewacin ƙasar Portugal.
Menene alamu?
Don fahimtar menene alamun wannan cutar, dole ne mu fara fahimtar cewa wannan cuta ta pines Ana yaduwa ta kwaro wanda ake kira Monochamus.
Cutar da bishiyoyi daban-daban waɗanda ke cikin ƙoshin lafiya na faruwa ta hanyoyi daban-daban guda biyu: Lokacin da wannan kwarin yake cin abincin wadannan bishiyoyi da na conifersdon haka lokacin da suke kwan ƙwai a bishiyoyin da tuni suka fara ruɓewa.
Ba za a gano alamun ba a farkon, kuma a cikin abin da waɗannan kwari ke ɗauka su gabatar da shi a cikin pines. Sabanin haka, Yana iya ɗaukar fewan watanni kaɗan kafin ku fara ganin lalacewar waɗannan.
Wannan lalacewar ta haifar da Bursaphelenchus xylophilus zata fara bayyana a saman babin bishiyar, ganin wasu rassa gaba daya ku da yanayin lalacewa tare da sautunan rawaya ko launin ruwan kasa a yankunan da kore ke da wadata gabaɗaya.
Wannan da farko zamu ga a sama, zai fara ɗaukar pine ɗin gaba ɗaya, Har ila yau, ya isa ɓangaren ƙananan kuma ta haka yana haifar da rarrabawa da rashin ci gaba na gaba ɗaya. Abu ne mai yiyuwa cewa a cikin shekara guda bayan cutar ta rigakafin samfurin zai mutu.
Monochamus galloprovincial
Daga cikin nau'ikan kwarin kwari Monochamus, abin da ake kira wannarkaga ita ce wacce aka fi samun kasancewarta tsakanin Turai. Ana iya samun wannan vector din a dukkan nau'ikan dazuzzuka da tsutsa, kwantena na Bursaphelenchus xylophilus Suna da matakai na dogon lokaci a cikin itacen nau'ikan pines daban-daban.
Wadannan tsutsa, idan lokacin bazara ya zo, zai bunkasa kuma zai zama kwaro mai dauke da wannan cutar, lokacin da za su ciyar za su tashi zuwa saman bene kuma wannan shine dalilin da ya sa wannan yanki shine wanda yafi tasiri a cikin manufa. Wannan yana da nasaba da gaskiyar cewa waɗannan kwari suna cin abinci a kan sabo ciyawar da ake samu a wannan ɓangaren na conifers.
Yawan zafin jiki zai yi tasiri kai tsaye ga yawan ci gaban na irin wannan kwarin, kasancewar yanayin yanayin yanayin zafi da yanayin zafi, mafi dacewa ga wadannan su hayayyafa kuma su zama masu dauke da cutar. Amma yaɗuwarsu a duk duniya ba ya zuwa ta ƙaruwar ƙwari da yaɗuwarsu ta ɗabi'a, a'a ma tana faruwa ne ta hanyar kasuwancin itace.
Matakan kula da lafiyar jiki a Turai
Zuwan wannan Pine wood nematode shi yankin Fotigal a farkon wannan karni ya haifar da fadakarwa da matakai a cikin shekaru goman farko na 2000, don haka duk mutanen da suka gano wannan annoba, su kiyaye da matakan da suka dace don kawar da ita baki ɗaya.
haka dole ne a gudanar da cikakken aiki akan al'umman Pine da kuma conifers wadanda sune nau'ikan halittu masu matukar damuwa kuma suke kuma kula da kwaron da yake samar da kwaro, a cikin dukkan yanayin halittar da zai iya faruwa, hatta a wuraren da ba'a takaita su ba kamar yadda aka ambata a farkon magana.