Menene kayan masara kuma menene don su?

Daya daga cikin hanyoyin yaduwar shuka shine ta hanyar dasawa, hanyar da ke buƙatar wasu ƙwarewa a cikin lambun kamar yadda ya haɗa da haɗuwa da tsire-tsire biyu ko wani ɓangaren shuka ɗaya zuwa wani.

Shuka da ke karɓar dasawa an san ta azaman tsari yayin da ɓangaren kara ko toho da aka saka a cikin wannan samfurin ana san shi da dasa ko iri-iri. Amma yaya ake yi?

Menene kayan kwalliya?

Yana da wani sosai shawarar hanya lokacin da kuna son nadin ya zama daidai yake da na farkon shuka iri-iri. Abin da ya sa ake amfani da shi sosai a cikin shuke-shuke na ado saboda ra'ayin shi ne cewa shuke-shuke na gaba suna da halaye iri ɗaya kuma suna kama da na farko. Wasu misalai sune wasu manyan bishiyoyi da wasu irin bishiyoyi na cypress.

Hakanan abu ne na yau da kullun ga wannan hanyar ninkawa a yi amfani da ita dangane da bishiyun 'ya'yan itace, kuma wannan shi ne yadda ya zama ruwan dare ga asalinsu su kasance iri-iri kuma reshe ko reshe ga wani.

Zaɓin wannan hanyar ba mai haɗari ba ne saboda grafts ba da damar amfani da nau'ikan tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi kuma tare da halaye masu ban sha'awa saboda su ne suke samar da tushe wanda saboda karfinsa na iya shawo kan munanan yanayi. Hakanan ana amfani da grafting idan kuna son samun ƙananan ƙwayoyin shuka, wani abu mai mahimmanci idan kuna da iyakantaccen yanki.

An zabi dasawa lokacin da kake son samun shuke-shuke na ado ko bishiyun 'ya'yan itace daban. Sannan ana aiwatar da abin da ake kira grafts da yawa, wanda ya kunshi cimma cewa shuka iri ɗaya tana da furanni ko fruitsa fruitsan itace daban-daban. Menene ƙari, ana amfani da wannan hanyar lokacin da yawaita ta hanyar yankan ko ta hanyar iri ba zai yiwu ba, ko kuma idan kanaso ka sabonta tsohuwar bishiya.

Waɗanne nau'ikan kayan masara akwai?

Akwai nau'ikan da yawa, waɗanda sune:

Yolk

Hakanan an san shi azaman dutsen gusset ko Ingantaccen Ingilishi, kuma ya ƙunshi bullo da wani yanki na bawon daga dasa a karkashin haushi na gangar jikin shukar da ke aiki azaman tsari. Don yin wannan, abin da aka yi shi ne fara yanka ɗan ƙaramin baƙi, ƙari ko inasa a cikin siffar T, saka raƙuman sannan kuma a ajiye su tare da tef ɗin daka na tsawon kwanaki 20. Bayan wannan lokacin, zaku sami tsire-tsire da aka sanya.

Kuna iya yin hakan a tsakiyar / ƙarshen hunturu.

Labari mai dangantaka:

Yadda za a yi toho toho

Tsaguwa

Ko kuma ana kiranta daskararre, yana kunshe da maye gurbin karshen karawar shukar wanda yayi aiki a matsayin abin kwalliya tare da dasa wanda ke da wasu buds. Don cimma shi, abin da aka yi shi ne yanke wasu daga tushe, yi tsattsauran siffar V, sannan saka dutsen. A ƙarshe, ana riƙe su tare da tef ɗin raffia misali, ko tare da ɗan mannewa.

Tsaguwa mai sauki

Anyi shi lokacin da samfurin da dasawa suna da diamita iri ɗaya. A gare shi, an yanke abin kwaikwayon zuwa tsayin da ake so, sa'annan a yanka a tsakiya, kuma a ƙarshe an saka dasawa a baya bevel yanke a garesu.

Tsirrai masu goyan bayan wannan hanyar itace da bishiyoyi ne, kuma ana yin sa ne a lokacin sanyi idan sun kasance masu ɗaci, ko kuma a bazara idan sun kasance masu kyawu.

Tsaga biyu

Ana yin sa kamar yadda ya gabata. Bambancin kawai shine maimakon ɗayan ɗaya, biyu.

Yana da matukar amfani a sake sabunta bishiyoyi, ko canza iri.

Turanci graft

Ana yin shi tare da dutsen reshe na shekara 1, tare da matsakaicin diamita na santimita 2 kuma tare da nau'i biyu na buds. Dole ne a yanke duka shi da samfurin a cikin wani bevel, sannan kuma a gabatar da reshe a ciki don tabbatar da cewa cambiums ɗin duka sun haɗu. Don ƙarewa, an haɗa su da kintinkiri na raffia.

De Corona

Hakanan ana kiransa dutsen haushi, dole ne a samu daskararren lokacin sanyi, ta hanyar yin kwalliyar bevel, kuma a ajiye shi a cikin firjin dan jike kadan, a nannade cikin takardar kicin sannan a sanya shi a cikin leda har zuwa bazara. Daga baya, an rabu da haushi kaɗan daga abin kwaikwaya, kuma an saka jigon.

Na gada

Hanya ne mai matukar ban sha'awa don lokacin da bawon hawan akwati ya ji rauni a gefe ɗaya. Yakamata a tattara lokacin sanyi, a ajiye shi a cikin firinji har zuwa bazara, a nannade shi a cikin jarida ko takardar kicin sannan a sanya shi a cikin leda. Bayan wannan lokacin, an cire raunin har sai an isa lafiyayyen nama, kuma ana yin ƙira a sama da ƙasa da shi, diamita ɗaya da kaɗa. Hakanan ana saka tines a ƙasa da ƙididdigar, tabbatar da cewa gefunan suna cikin haɗuwa.

Kusanci

Asali, ya kunshi walda rassan shuke-shuke guda biyu wadanda suke girma tare ko kuma suke kusa da juna. Don wannan, an cire wani ɗan haushi daga duka biyun, daidai yake da girman kuma a dai-dai tsayinsa, sannan a haɗe shi da tef na raffia ko tef.

Yadda ake yin dasa bishiyoyi 'ya'yan itace?

Itatuwan Frua arean itace tsirrai waɗanda ake dasawa akai-akai, ko dai don samun ingantattun fruitsa fruitsan itace, ko nau'ikan da zasu iya jure yanayin gida, misali. Amma dole ne a koyaushe mu tuna cewa yana da muhimmanci mu san da kyau irin abubuwan da muke so mu daka, domin idan ba daga iyali ɗaya suke ba ko, mafi kyau, daga jinsi ɗaya, waɗancan grafts ba za su yi nasara ba.

Watau: ana iya sanya su Cherry itatuwa tare da itacen almond alal misali, tunda dukansu biyu na jinsi ne na Prunus; amma zai zama ba shi da amfani a mangwaro mangoro a apple itacen, tunda na farko Mangifera ne, na biyu kuma Malus.

Koyaya, akwai wasu bishiyoyin fruita fruitan itace waɗanda kawai za'a iya ɗaukar su akan wasu waɗanda suke jinsi ɗaya. Zasu iya zama nau'uka daban-daban, amma dole ne su raba babban ɓangaren kayan halittar su. Don haka, muna da bishiyoyin apple, bishiyoyin cherry, persimmons, avocados, gyada, bishiyar goro, zaitun, ruman da pistachios cewa za su karɓi masta ne kawai daga dangin su kai tsaye.

Yin la'akari da wannan duka, ta yaya ake ɗora bishiyoyin 'ya'yan itace? Da kyau, akwai hanyoyi daban-daban, amma wanda aka fi amfani dashi shine tsaga biyu. Bari mu san mataki-mataki yadda za a yi shi:

1. Na farko, an yanke rassa biyu da za'a dasa a farkon bazara, lokacin da suka fara toho, a kusurwa kusan digiri 45.
2. Kashi na gaba, an sanya indentation a cikin samfurin.
3. Ana gabatar da rassan kuma an haɗa su tare da tef.
4. A ƙarshe, za ku jira kawai wata ɗaya don cire tef.

Me kuka gani game da wannan batun?