Menene commensalism?

Duk dabbobi da tsirrai suna da alaƙa da juna ta hanyoyi daban-daban, ko dai misali ta hanyar cin moriyar juna, yaƙi don fa'idodi iri ɗaya, ko kuma raba albarkatu kawai ba tare da cutar kowane ɓangare ba.

Ofayan mafi kyawun ma'amala game da ilimin ɗan adam shine commensalism. Kuma, kodayake da farko yana da wuyar gaskatawa, hakan yana faruwa da yawa a Masarautar Shuka.

Menene commensalism?

Tsarin kwaminisanci alaƙa ce ta ɗabi'a wacce ɗayan ɓangarorin ke samun wani fa'ida, yayin da ɗayan ba ya cutuwa amma ba ya amfana ko dai. Kalmar ta fito ne daga yaren Latin tare da, wanda ke nufin 'raba tebur', kodayake kamar yadda za mu gani, wannan ba koyaushe lamarin bane. Misali bayyananne shi ne ungulu, dabbobin da ke cin abincin da ɓarayin suka bari, kamar zakuna.

Rayuwa a cikin yanayi dole ne ku sarrafa don samun ci gaba, kuma akwai ley mara girgizawa wanda yasa shi haka: the ley mafi karfi. Wadanda kawai ke da ƙarfin daidaitawa da muhallin da sauri fiye da wasu ne kawai ke tsira. Sabili da haka, sabon tsire-tsire da ya tsiro dole ne ya girma da sauri idan ba ya son dabbobi masu tsire-tsire ko ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta (fungi, ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta) su kashe shi.

Don guje wa mutuwa kafin lokacinsu, akwai da yawa da ke cin gajiyar wasu ba tare da cutar da su ba.

Ire-iren commensalism

Baya ga nau'ikan da muka gaya muku game da su, akwai wasu uku waɗanda suke da ban sha'awa sosai ku sani:

• Hasashe: yana faruwa ne yayin da wata kwayar halitta tayi amfani da wata don safarar kanta. Ba a iya ganin wannan a cikin shuke-shuke, kuma ba a rarrabe shi, tunda suna rayuwa ne a ma'aunin lokaci daban da namu.
• Hayar: yana faruwa ne yayin ɗayan ɗayan suka sami karɓuwa a ɗayan. Wannan ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a cikin shuke-shuke na epiphytic, kamar su bromeliads da yawa ko orchids, waɗanda ke amfani da bishiyoyi a matsayin gida.
• Metabiosis ko ƙari: shine lokacin da ɗayan ɓangarorin biyu suka yi amfani da ragowar (najasar, kwarangwal, gawawwaki) ɗayan. Misali, a duniyar dabbobi zaka ga dayawa daga cikin kaguwa irin na mata, lokacin da suke cin gajiyar kwanson komai na katantanwa. A cikin Masarautar Shuka kuma abu ne gama gari: lokacin da shuka ke mutuwa ta hanyar halitta, kwari da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta suna ciyarwa akan ɓangaren da ya riga ya mutu.

Misalan commensalism a cikin tsirrai

Commensalism dangantaka ce wacce, da farko, bazai zama mai yawan shuke-shuke ba. Koyaya, kuma kamar yadda muka fada a farkon, abu ne wanda yake gama gari. Tabbacin wannan sune wadanda zamu gaya muku a kasa:

Orchids

Akwai orchids da yawa waɗanda ke girma a kan rassan bishiyoyi, kamar su Phalaenopsis ko Dendrobium. 'Ya'yanta suna da ƙanana da haske waɗanda iska za ta iya jigilar su zuwa manyan rassa, tare da samun damar tsirowa ba tare da wata matsala ba a can. Da zarar asalinsu suka fara fitowa, orchids suna samun ƙarfi da ƙarfi, suna riƙe da kyau ga itacen da ke tallafa musu., amma ba tare da inganta shi ba.

Masu cin nama (kwari - tsire-tsire)

Dabbobi masu cin nama shuke-shuke ne na musamman: suna girma a wuraren da suke samun 'yan ƙwayoyin abinci kaɗan wanda, bayan lokaci, suka haɓaka sabbin tarko na zamani. Wadannan tarko na iya zama na siffofi daban-daban: tubular, tare da manyan 'hakora', tare da kananan jakunkuna wadanda ke tsotse duk wata karamar ganima ... Misali na commensalism, musamman, na haya, ana samunsu a cikin Sarracenia tsarkakakke.

Inananan kwata-kwata masu rayuwa a cikin tarkon ta (Wyeomyia smithii, Metriocnemus ya dace y Za a sami ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda) wanda ke ciyar da ganimar da ta faɗa cikin kwalbar tsire-tsire. Sai kuma S.purpurea yana iya narkar da ragowar da wadannan dabbobi uku suka kora.

Hawa shuke-shuke

Hawa shuke-shuke, kamar su potos ko clematis, Su shuke-shuke ne da suka dogara da wasu don samun ƙarin hasken rana. Sau da yawa suna yin tsiro a wurare masu inuwa, don haka dole ne su yi girma a jikin bishiyoyi don samun ɗan haske. Da zarar sun samu, to, lokacin da suka girma da ƙarfi sosai.

Matattu ko shuke-shuke masu lalacewa

Kowane shuki wani bangare ne na sake zagayowar yanayi. Ya yi girma, ya girma, ya bunkasa, ya yi fure, ya ba da tsaba (ko spores, kamar ferns), shekaru, kuma daga ƙarshe ya mutu. Amma kamar yadda ganyen sa, furannin sa, yayan shi, da sauran su, suka tarwatse, sun zama abinci ga wasu orananan oran ƙwayoyin cuta: fungi saprophytic. Waɗannan su ne ke kula da narkar da su.

Me kuka gani game da wannan batun?