Menene tsire-tsire masu ganye?

Itatuwa itace waɗancan shuke-shuke waɗanda yawanci suna ba da inuwa mai daɗi sosai. Gabaɗaya suna buƙatar ɗakuna da yawa don haɓaka, saboda kofukan su galibi suna da faɗi. Amma duk da haka, yana da ban sha'awa koyaushe a sami wasu a cikin lambun, tunda godiya garesu ba zai mana wahala mu more ba, misali, fikinik tare da abokai, ko karanta littafi mai kyau.

Lokacin zabar jinsin dole ne ku tabbatar da cewa zasuyi kyau sosai a yankin da kuke son saka su, tunda wannan ita ce kawai hanya don gujewa matsaloli a cikin gajere da matsakaici. Bari mu san su dalla-dalla.

Menene tsiron ganye?

Ganye masu tsire-tsire su ne waɗanda suke da ganye da yawa, lebur kuma galibi faɗi. Su bishiyoyi ne da bishiyoyi wadanda zasu iya zama mara kyawu ko mara haske a kodayaushe, mara yankewa, mai ƙarancin haske, ko ƙarami. Don kiyaye ganyensu da rai har zuwa lokacin da ake buƙata, suna rayuwa a cikin yanayi mai ɗan ɗumi da ɗumi fiye da conifers.

A zahiri, idan muka kwatanta ganyen maple misali da na pine, nan take za mu fahimci raunin da yake da shi, kuma idan har ma muna da damar sanya ɗan ɗan kankara a kansa - ba tare da cire shi daga itacen ba - za mu ga cewa zai lalace.da sauri da sauri ba tare da an shirya tsayayya da waɗannan sharuɗɗan ba. Ganye na pines, da conifers gaba ɗaya, suna iya tsayayya da kankara da dusar ƙanƙara na kwanaki da makonni a lokaci ba tare da matsala mai yawa ba.

Saboda haka, waɗancan jinsunan waɗanda suke da ganye sun fi dacewa da yankuna masu yanayin zafi, na wurare masu zafi da na can ƙasa. Lokacin da mutane da yawa ke zaune tare a yanki daya, sai su samar da dazuzzuka da ake kira manyan dazuzzuka, dazuzzuka masu yawa ko kuma manyan bishiyu.

Nawa nau'ikan manyan gandun daji akwai?

Ya danganta da yanayin, ana rarrabe nau'ikan gandun daji masu katako:

Dazuzzuka masu zafi da zafi

Waɗannan su ne waɗanda ke kan (ko kusa) layin kwata-kwata, a yankin da ke tsaka-tsakin yanayi. Matsakaicin zafin shekara-shekara yana kusa da 27ºC a cikin yanayin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi, da 17-24ºC a cikin waɗanda ke can ƙarƙashin ruwa.

Rainforest ko gandun daji mai danshi

Hakanan an san shi da gandun daji ko na wurare masu zafi da kuma dazuzzuka na katako. Yana da wani biome cewa ƙungiyoyi tare da yanayin halittu na gandun daji tare da matsakaicin zazzabi na shekara tsakanin 17 da 24ºC wanda yafi yawa a cikin yankin. Ana ruwan sama akai-akai, saboda haka ana tabbatar da danshi.

Bishiyoyi suna da manyan ganye, waɗanda suke da alamun 'tashoshi' na mashigar ruwa a ƙarshen; duk da haka, bawon gangar jikinsa gabaɗaya siriri ne, mai santsi kuma wani lokacin ƙaya ce. 'Ya'yan itacen ta masu girma ne, na jiki, kuma suna da daɗi sosai ga dabbobi.

Nimbosilva ko gandun daji na montane

An kuma san shi da gandun daji na girgije ko gandun daji, kuma ana haɗuwa a cikin dazukan ruwan sama. A cikin wadannan wurare, akwai raɓa mai naci wanda ke rage hasken rana zuwa ƙasa kai tsaye, sabili da haka, zafin iska (asarar danshi saboda shuke-shuke) shima ya shafa.

Don haka, waɗanda kawai suke da ikon rayuwa a waɗannan mahalli, kamar ferns ko mosses, ke rayuwa cikin ban mamaki a cikin dazukan montane. Tabbas, akwai kuma bishiyoyi, kamar su Quercus costaricensis o Farisa.

Hiemisilva ko busasshiyar gandun daji

An kuma san shi da gandun daji mai bushewa ko gandun daji, kuma yana tsakanin gandun dazuzzuka da yanayin halittu masu rairayi na kowane yanki, tsakanin 10 da 20º latitude. Yanayin yana da dumi, tare da zafin jiki tsakanin 25 zuwa 30ºC, kuma ana yin ruwan sama tsakanin 300 zuwa 1500mm tare da alama lokacin rani. wanda zai iya wucewa daga watanni hudu zuwa tara.

Bishiyoyin da ke zaune a nan suna da manyan ganye tare da kyawawan furanni, kamar su Bauhina variegata, amma lokacin rani sun rasa ganyayensu don kiyaye ruwa da rayuwa.

Gandun daji masu tsayi

Biome ne wanda ke tattare da gandun daji wadanda suke rayuwa a ciki matsakaiciyar yanayi, tare da ruwan sama kusan 600 da 1500 mm a matsakaici, da matsakaita yanayin shekara tsakanin 12-16ºC, za'a iya samun damuna mai tsananin sanyi.

Gandun daji

Nau'in gandun daji ne da ake samun sa a gabashin Arewacin Amurka, yawancin Turai, wani yanki na Asiya gami da wasu sassan Japan, New Zealand da kudu maso yammacin Amurka ta Kudu. Ruwan sama na shekara-shekara ya fi 800mm.

Anan, bishiyoyi sukan rasa ganyensu a kaka-damuna, kuma suna tsiro a cikin bazara, kamar bishiyoyin beech (Fagus) ko maples (Acer).

Yankin Laurel

Har ila yau ana kiransa dajin daji, tunda saboda ruwan sama yafi 1000mm kuma yanayin zafi matsakaici ne, nau'ikan tsire-tsire iri iri suna girma a ciki, kamar yadda yake a cikin Macaronesia misali.

Waɗannan shuke-shuke da ke rayuwa a cikin wannan gandun daji suna da alamar mara launi, kamar laurel (Laura).

Mixed gandun daji

Wancan gandun dajin an san shi da hadewar daji a cikin abin da angiosperm da coniferous shuke-shuke suke rayuwa. Misali, ɗayan sanannun sanannu - kuma, ba zato ba tsammani, ɗayan waɗanda ke cikin haɗarin ɓacewa galibi sanadiyyar sare dazuzzuka - shine gandun dajin da aka haɗe na Atlantika, wanda yake a gabar Tekun Atlantika na Yammacin Turai. A ciki ana rayuwa, tare da wasu, pines (Pinus) tare da itacen oaks (Quercus).

Rum daji

Tsire-tsire na dajin Bahar Rum sun samo asali don zama a cikin yankuna inda ake samun ruwan sama a kowace shekara tsakanin 300 zuwa 700mm, sannan kuma akwai wani lokacin rani mai kyau wanda ya dace da lokacin bazara. Za mu sami wannan kimiyyar a cikin, kamar yadda sunan ta ya nuna, yankin Bahar Rum, har ma a California, tsakiyar Chile, kudancin Australia da Afirka ta Kudu.

Ganyayyakin sa suna da kyau sosai, na fata ne, kuma yawanci basa wuce mita 20 a tsayi. Hakanan suna iya samun ƙaya, ko dai a kan ganyayyaki, ko a kan rassan. Misali, anan zamu gani mastic (Pistachio), fuka-fuki (Rhamnus alaternus) ko Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis).

Labari mai dangantaka:

Menene halayen daji na Bahar Rum?

Nau'in bishiyun Leafy

Yanzu da yake mun fi sanin katako, lokaci ya yi da za a gano waɗancan bishiyoyi haka suke. Don sauƙaƙa maka zaɓi ɗaya don lambun ka, mun rarraba su kaɗan:

Leafy, tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire

Su ne cewa girma kimanin santimita 50 a shekara ko ƙasa da haka, kamar waɗannan:

Maananan Maple (Acer auwal)

El karamin Maple itace itaciya ce mai tsire ko tsire-tsire na asali zuwa Turai da kudancin Asiya cewa ya kai tsayin mita 4 zuwa 7. Ganyayyun sa ana yin su uku, kore, duk da cewa suna yin ja a kaka kafin su fado. Yana furewa a cikin bazara, amma furanni ne waɗanda ba su da darajar ado.

Yana girma a kan ƙasan siliceous da farar ƙasa, idan har an shayar da shi matsakaici. Mai jure inuwa. Tsayayya har zuwa -18ºC.

zaki (sweetgumbar styraciflua)

El lissambar itace itaciya wacce take asalin kudancin Amurka, Mexico da Guatemala cewa ya kai tsayin mita 10 zuwa 40. Ganyayyaki suna kama da na maple, ma'ana, suna dabino ne, kore ne a lokacin bazara da rani da rawaya, ja da ƙarshe burgundy a kaka. Ya yi fure a cikin bazara, amma furanninta ba su da darajar ado.

Yana tsirowa a cikin ƙasa mai guba, mai wadatar ƙwayoyin halitta. Yana buƙatar shayarwa akai-akai. In ba haka ba, yana ƙin sanyi da sanyi zuwa -18ºC.

Itacen Strawberry (Arbutus undo)

El arbutus Bishiya ce mai ɗanɗano wacce take zuwa yankin Rum da kuma Tekun Atlantika cewa, a al'adance, bai wuce mita 3 ba duk da zai iya kaiwa mita 10 a tsayi. Ganyayyakinsa masu motsawa ne, masu launin shuɗi mai duhu mai haske, kuma yana samarda reda redan jan da za'a ci a lokacin rani / kaka.

Tana tsirowa a cikin siliceous da limestone ƙasa, sakakke, kuma an shanye sosai. Yana buƙatar rana kai tsaye da matsakaiciyar shayarwa, amma tana tallafawa fari. Tsayayya har zuwa -12ºC.

Saurin bishiyun ganye

Wadannan bishiyoyi da muke nuna muku a kasa sune wadanda girma fiye da santimita 50 a kowace shekara, Matukar dai an cika yanayin da ya dace don yin hakan:

chorisia (Chorisia speciosa)

La chorisia ko itace itace bishiyar bishiyar ɗan asalin Brazil, Arewa Maso Gabashin Ajantina da Paraguay ya kai tsayin mita 15-20. Ganyayyakinsa hadewar dabino ne, kore ne da faduwa a lokacin rani (ko a lokacin kaka / hunturu idan yana cikin yanki mai yanayi). Yana samar da furanni a ƙarshen bazara.

Yana tsirowa a cikin ƙasa mai kyau kuma mai dausayi, a cikakkiyar rana. Yana tsayayya da fari da sanyi har zuwa -12ºC.

Ayaba ta ƙarya (Acer pseudoplatanus)

El ayaba ta karya itace bishiyar bishiyar ɗan asalin kudu da tsakiyar Turai har zuwa yammacin Asiya hakan ya kai tsayin mita 25-30. Ganyayyakinsa suna taɓo da dabino, tare da lobes guda biyar, kore banda lokacin kaka wanda ya zama rawaya kafin faɗuwa idan sanyi ya fara faruwa a wannan lokacin. Yakan yi fure a cikin bazara, amma furanninta ba su da ado sosai.

Yana tsirowa a cikin kowane irin ƙasa, amma ya fi son waɗanda suke da ɗan acidic kaɗan, kuma idan dai suna da wadataccen abu kuma ana sanya shi a rana cikakke. Tsayayya har zuwa -30ºC.

Yaren Paulonia (Pawlonia tomentosa)

La paulonia ko kiri itace bishiyar bishiyar asalin China da Japan cewa ya kai tsayin mita 10-15. Ganyayyaki suna da tsayi, tsayi zuwa santimita 30, kuma kore ne. A lokacin bazara tana samar da furanni rukuni-rukuni cikin firgici kuma suna da kyau.

Yana tsiro a cikin ƙasa mai dausasshiyar ƙasa. Yana buƙatar matsakaiciyar shayarwa, mai yawan gaske lokacin bazara. Tsayawa sanyi daga ƙasa zuwa -12ºC.

Muna fatan cewa abin da kuka koya game da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire da wuraren zama daban-daban sun kasance masu amfani gare ku 🙂.