da ilex Suna da shahararrun bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi a cikin lambuna a yankuna masu yanayi, amma kuma a sauran duniya a lokacin Kirsimeti. Kuma, kamar yadda zaku iya gani a hoton da ke sama, 'ya'yanta suna da kyau ƙwarai da gaske.
Kodayake ganyayenta suna ɗauke da ƙayayuwa, wannan baya rage darajar kayansu. A zahiri, godiya ga wannan zasu iya aiki, misali, azaman shingen kariya. Bugu da kari, bayan lokaci gilashinsu suna ba da inuwa mai sanyi da ni'ima.
Asali da halayen Ilex
Harshen Ilex ya kunshi nau'ikan bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi kimanin 400, masu yanke ko kuma shuke-shuken da ya dogara da ire-irensu, mafi yawansu sun samo asali ne daga Arewacin Hasar. Suna da saurin haɓaka, suna kaiwa tsakanin mita 2 da 25 a tsayi. Ganyayyaki masu sauƙi ne, duka, tare da haƙoran haƙori da spiny.
Gabaɗaya, suna da furannin maza da furannin mata a cikin samfuran daban-daban, ma'ana, suna da dioecious. 'Ya'yan itacen itace Berry ne, wanda a kalar launin ja yake, wanda duk da kamanninta, bai dace da cin ɗan adam ba, amma misali yana aiki ne azaman rayuwar tsuntsaye a lokacin hunturu. A ciki za mu sami tsakanin iri ɗaya zuwa goma.
Babban nau'in
Mafi shaharar nau'in nau'in Ilex sune masu zuwa:
Holly aquifolium
Ilex aquifolium 'Milkboy na Zinare' // Hoton - Flickr / Leonora (Ellie) Enking
El Holly aquifolium itace ko yaushe itace ko shrub ɗan asalin yammacin Asiya da Turai, wanda aka sani da holly. Ya kai tsayin mita 6 zuwa 20, kuma yana da ɗaukar dala, tare da kambi mai yawa.
Tun zamanin da an bashi amfani da yawa. Misali, a cikin mashahurin magani an yi amfani da ganyenta a cikin jiko azaman diuretics da laxatives; Darajarta mai ƙawa tana da ma'anar cewa an girbe ta a cikin lambuna, kazalika ana amfani da ita azaman kayan ado a cikin gidaje yayin Kirsimeti. Bugu da ƙari, ana yaba katako a cikin aikin kabad.
Koyaya, kuma ba zato ba tsammani kuma an yi sa'a, jinsin kare ne a yawancin ƙasashen Turai, gami da Spain.
Ilex canariensis
Hoton - Wikimedia / Krzysztof Ziarnek, Kenraiz
El Ilex canariensis, da aka sani da acebiño, itaciya ce ko kuma bishiyar da ba ta taɓa yin mita 10 ba endemic zuwa Macaronesia. Ganyayyakinsa girma ne a cikin sura, kuma suna walƙiya, tare da duka ko kuma suna da ɗan juyi. Tana samarda zagaye, jajayen 'ya'yan itace masu girman kimanin santimita daya.
Wata irin shuka ce wacce take da gandun daji na Canary Island laurel, wanda ke haifar da samarda mama wanda zai maye gurbin uwar dasa idan ta bushe.
Ciki crenata
Hoton - Flickr / SuperFantastic
El Ciki crenata Yana da ƙarancin shrub na asali na Asiya, musamman China, Japan, Korea da Sakhalin, ana kiransu Japan holly. Yayi girma zuwa tsayin mita 3 zuwa 5 kullum, kodayake yana iya kaiwa mita 10. Ganyayyakinsa ƙananan ne, masu haske mai duhu masu haske, kuma suna da raƙuman iyaka.
Dangane da halayensa, yana ɗayan mafi kyawun nau'ikan jinsin don yin aiki azaman ƙananan shinge.
Opaque ilex
El Opaque ilex bishiya ce wacce take da ƙoshin gabas ta Amurka cewa yayi girma zuwa mita 20, kodayake yana iya kaiwa mita 30. Ganyayyaki mara daɗi ne kuma mara laushi, kasancewar paler a gefen ƙasa fiye da na babba. Furanninta farare ne manya, kuma kanana.
Paragurian holly
Hoton - Wikimedia / H. Zell
El Paragurian holly, wanda aka fi sani da yerba mate, yerba del Paraguay ko yerba de los Jesuitas, itace ne mai ƙarancin haske wanda ke yin daji a cikin Upper Paraná da wasu daga cikin Kogin Paraguay. Yana girma har zuwa mita 15 a tsayi, tare da akwati na kimanin santimita 30 a diamita. Yana fitar da wasu ganye, tare da gefen hakora, da launin kore mai duhu.
Tsirrai ne da aka horar dashi sosai, tunda ganyen sa, ana tauna shi ko kuma ana saka shi, abubuwa ne masu kara kuzari.
Ciwon kai
Hoton - Wikimedia / Krzysztof Ziarnek, Kenraiz
El Ciwon kai, wanda aka fi sani da itacen lemu na daji ko bojo, bishiyar Macaronesia ce mai ƙarancin haske. Ya kai tsayin mita 15, kuma yana da manyan, ovate zuwa kusan zagaye ganye, tare da ɗan ɗan juyayi.
Ilimi mai inganci
Hoto - Wikimedia / Alpsdake
El Ilimi mai inganci, wanda aka fi sani da Jafananci deciduous holly, shrub ne mai asalin ƙasar China da Japan cewa ya kai tsayin mita 4,5. Ganyayyaki masu tsalle-tsalle ne, tare da gefen gefe, da kuma launi mara laushi. Furannin suna da ruwan hoda, kuma ‘ya’yan itacen ta ja ne.
Yana da girma a matsayin bonsai, tunda yana jure sara da kyau, haka kuma sanyi mara ƙarfi (ƙasa -5ºC).
Yaya kuke kula da bishiyoyin holly?
Gyara holly a cikin lambun, ko a farfajiyar, na iya zama kyakkyawan ra'ayi, amma da farko ya zama dole a san irin kulawar da za a samar musu:
- Yanayi: su tsire-tsire ne waɗanda dole ne koyaushe su kasance, a ko'ina cikin shekara, a waje da gida, a cikin hasken rana ko wani ɓangare mai inuwa.
- Tierra: ba su da buƙatu da yawa, amma ana ba da shawarar su zama masu ƙwazo kuma kada su kasance da ambaliyar ruwa cikin sauƙi.
- Watse: mita zai zama matsakaici. A lokacin zafi da lokacin rani yana da kyau a sha ruwa kusan sau 3 a mako, amma sauran shekara sai ruwan ya kasance yana da tazara.
- Mai Talla: yana da ban sha'awa jefa su takin muhalli, na asalin asali, a cikin bazara da bazara.
- Mai jan tsami: ana iya datse su a ƙarshen hunturu, bayan sanyi na ƙarshe.
- Rusticity: zai bambanta dangane da nau'in. Akwai wasu, kamar su Ina sonta, wanda ke riƙe da -5ºC, amma I. aquifolium yana tsayayya har zuwa -18ºC.
Me kuke tunani game da Ilex?