Hoton - Wikimedia / Hedwig Storch
da itacen ferns Suna ɗaya daga cikin shuke-shuke masu ban mamaki a duniya: gangar jikinsu ba ta da kyau ko ƙasa da haka, amma ganyayyakinsu na iya wuce mita biyu a tsayi. Daga nesa, sun yi kama da itacen dabino, duk da cewa babu wani abin da zai rikice game da su kasancewar ba su da wani abu a tare (dabinon tsire-tsire ne na angiosperm, kuma ferns na motsa jiki)
Wadannan tsirrai ma sun girme su sosai; har ila yau, an sami burbushin kusan shekaru miliyan 420. Ba sa samar da furanni, amma hakan bai hana su kasancewa ɗayan ɗayan ƙaunatattun shuke-shuke a cikin lambuna, patios da farfajiyoyi ba. Nan gaba zan gabatar muku da shahararrun nau'in.
Menene ferns?
A fern shine gymnosperm shuka halin da manyan fure-fure (ganye), galibi suna yin ƙasa, yawanci launin launi ne. Suna iya ko ba su da tushe wanda ke aiki azaman akwati, wanda aka kafa ta rhizome na tushen. Suna hayayyafa ta hanyar kayan kwalliya, waɗanda aka samar da su a cikin sporophils, kuma waɗannan ana samun su a ƙasan ƙwanƙolin ƙwanƙwasa, kuma suna kama da wannan:
Kuna ganin waɗannan ƙananan digon ja? An kira su sporophylls, daga abin da spores ke fitowa.
A ina suke zaune?
Ferns suna zaune ne a cikin yankuna masu inuwa da gumi na duniya. Koyaya, yawancin bishiyoyin bishiyoyi suna girma ne kawai a cikin waɗanda suke da yanayi ko ɗumi (gami da na wurare masu zafi).
Nau'ikan bishiyar bishiyar ga lambu ko tukunya
Blechnum gibbum
Hoton - Wikimedia / Krzysztof Ziarnek, Kenraiz
An san shi da ƙararrawa ko ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, yana da ƙarancin asalin ƙasar New Caledonia wanda aka san shi da samun kambi mai ɗimbin yawa, wanda ya ƙunshi ofan fure masu tsawon mita 3-4. Gindinta gajere ne, har zuwa tsayin mita 1 na kusan santimita 20 lokacin kauri.
Noman sa yana da sauƙin gaske: yana buƙatar ƙasa mai dausayi, mai ƙanshi (kada ku bari ya bushe gaba ɗaya a lokacin rani), kuma kamar dai hakan bai isa ba, yana tsayayya da raunin sanyi mara ƙasa (zuwa -3ºC) da yanayin zafi mai zafi (38ºC) .
Cyathea australis
Hoton - Flickr / Pete Mawaki
An san shi azaman ɗanyen itace, yana da tsire-tsire na kudu maso gabashin Queensland, New South Wales, da kudancin Victoria a Ostiraliya. Zai iya kaiwa mita 12 a tsayi, da wuya mitoci 20, tare da kaurin gangar jikin yakai kimanin 30cm. Ganyayyakin suna da tsayi, tsayinsu yakai mita 4 zuwa 6, saman yana da kore mai duhu kuma kasan koren kore ne.
An yi girma a cikin lambuna da kuma tukwane, tare da ƙasa mai dausasshiyar ƙasa. Yawan noman ban ruwa dole ne ya zama babba, tunda baya jure fari. A gefe guda, yana yin tsayayya da raunin sanyi na har zuwa -3 theyC idan sun kasance masu zuwa akan lokaci kuma na ɗan gajeren lokaci.
Cyathea arborea
Hoto - Wikimedia / Xemenendura
An san shi da ƙaton fern ko sandar jatan lande, yana da ɗan asalin ƙasar Antilles ɗin zai iya kaiwa mita 9 a tsayi, tare da siririn akwati tsakanin 7 da 13cm kauri. Fuskokin sun kai tsayin mita 4, kuma kore ne.
Saboda asalinsa, nomansa yana da kyau. Rayuwa a waje kawai a cikin yanayin yanayin zafi mai zafi, ba tare da sanyi ba. Hakanan za'a iya kiyaye shi a cikin gida, misali a farfajiyar ciki, kariya daga rana. Yana buƙatar ruwa mai yawa.
cyathea cooperi
Hoton - Wikimedia / Amanda Grobe
An san shi da itacen Queensland Tree Fern, Australian Tree Fern, Lace Tree Fern, Scaly Tree Fern, ko Cooper Tree Fern, itaciyar ƙasar Australiya ce. Yana girma har zuwa mita 15 a tsayi, tare da kaurin gangar jikin har zuwa 30cm. Fuskokinsa kore ne, masu tsayin mita 4-6.
Ana iya girma a cikin inuwar rabin-raini duka a cikin lambuna tare da ƙasa mai ni'ima da kuma cikin manyan tukwane a cikin yanayi mai yanayi. Yana yin tsayayya da sanyi na zuwa -4ºC idan sun kasance masu zuwa akan lokaci kuma na gajeren lokaci. Ka tuna cewa a waɗannan yanayin zafi zai iya rasa ganyaye, amma yana murmurewa sosai a lokacin bazara. Babban yanayin zafi (30, 35 ko ma 38ºC) ba zai shafe ka ba idan kana da ƙasa mai dausayi.
Cyathea ma'amala
Hoton - Wikimedia / CT Johansson
An san shi azaman itacen fern na azurfa, fern azurfa, kaponga, ko pong, itaciya ce mai ban sha'awa ga New Zealand. Zai iya wuce mita 10 a tsayi, tare da babban kambi wanda aka hada shi da fronds tsawan mita 4, fari ko azurfa a ƙasan. Gwaninta bai wuce santimita 30 ba.
Kulawar da yake nema yayi daidai da na 'yar uwarsa C. coperi: ƙasa mai ni'ima ko ɓoyayyen ruwa, yawan shayarwa, da kasancewa a yankin da yanayi yake da yanayi. Yana tsayayya da raunin sanyi zuwa -2ºC, kodayake ya fi so kada ya faɗi ƙasa da 0º.
Cyathea medullaris
An san shi da itacen baƙar fata mai baƙar fata, yana da haɗari ga New Zealand. Yayi girma zuwa tsayin mita 6-7, tare da bakaken akwati gaba daya wanda baya kaurin sama da 35cm. Gwanonsa ko ganyensa ya kai mita 5.
Yana da ɗan sauƙi mai sauƙi don kulawa, wanda ke buƙatar yanayi mai ɗumi-ɗumi, yawan shayarwa, da ƙasa mai wadataccen ƙwayoyin halitta.
Dicksonia Antarctica (yanzu Balantium antarcticum)
hoto - Flickr / Jungle Garden
An san shi da Dicksonia, yana da ɗan asalin ƙasar Australiya, musamman New South Wales, Tasmania da Victoria. Zai iya kaiwa mita 15 a tsayi, kodayake abu na al'ada shine basu wuce mita 5 ba. Gangar jikinsa tayi kauri kimanin 30cm, kuma an nada mata kambun doguwa masu tsawon mita 4 zuwa 6.
Abu ne na yau da kullun a same shi a cikin lambuna masu yanayi, tare da yanayi mai laushi (tare da matsakaicin abin da ya kai 30ºC) da danshi. Yana buƙatar ƙasa mai wadataccen kwayar halitta, da kuma yawan shayarwa. Ba a ba da shawarar nomansa a cikin Bahar Rum saboda ƙarancin haƙuri ga yanayin ƙarancin yanayi (na mafi ƙarancin 35-38ºC) da yake da shi. In ba haka ba, yana ƙin sanyi har zuwa -5ºC.
Fibrous dicksonia
Hoton - Wikimedia / CT Johansson
An san shi azaman zoben zinariya, asalin ɗan asalin ƙasar New Zealand ne ya kai mita 6 a tsayi, tare da kaurin gangar jikin 30cm. Fure-fure ko ganyayyaki suna da tsayin mita 3 zuwa 4, yana mai sanya shi babu shakka yana daga cikin mafi ƙarancin iccen bishiyar.
Nomansa ya ƙunshi kasancewa da shi a cikin ƙasa mai ni'ima, wadataccen ruwa, da kuma ƙasa mai dausayi. Ban ruwa dole ne ya zama mai yawa. Yana tsayayya da rauni da sanyi na lokaci-lokaci har zuwa -2ºC.
Yadda ake shuka ferns na bishiyoyi?
Bishiyoyin bishiyoyi shuke-shuke ne, duk da cewa akwai nau'ikan halittu daban-daban, dukansu suna buƙatar ƙari ko theasa da kulawa iri ɗaya. Wannan yana nufin cewa idan zaku sayi misali Blechnum kuma daga baya ku sami Cyathea, na tabbata kusan 100% tabbas duka biyun zasu kasance masu daraja idan kun kula dasu ta wannan hanyar:
- Yanayi:
- A waje: sanya shi a wuri mai haske, amma an kiyaye shi daga rana kai tsaye. Abinda ya dace, sanya shi a cikin inuwar babban bishiya - da faɗin kambi mai faɗi-, ko ƙarƙashin net net.
- Ciki: ɗakin dole ne ya zama mai haske, ba tare da zane ba.
- Watse: mai yawaitawa, musamman lokacin bazara. Dole ne ku kiyaye ƙasa da danshi ban da lokacin sanyi ko kuma idan kuna da shi a cikin gida, lokacin da ya fi kyau ku bar shi ya ɗan bushe. Yi amfani da ruwan da bashi da lemun tsami idan zai yiwu, kuma kar a jika ganyen.
- Mai Talla: a bazara da bazara tare da takin zamani, kamar su gaban (a sayarwa) a nan).
- Shuka lokaci ko dasawa: a lokacin bazara, lokacin da mafi ƙarancin zazzabi ya tashi sama da 15ºC.
- Annoba da cututtuka: suna da matukar juriya. Amma dole ne ka sarrafa kasada, kuma idan muhalli ya bushe da zafi, a 'yan kwalliya.
- Yawaita: ta spores a cikin bazara, wanda dole ne a ajiye shi a cikin ɗakunan shuka kusa da tushen zafi.
Inda zan sayi ferns na bishiyoyi?
Ana sayar da waɗannan tsire-tsire a cikin nurseries, amma daga kwarewata Ina ba ku shawarar ku bincika Intanet don wuraren shakatawa ko shagunan kan layi waɗanda ke kerawa waɗanda aka keɓe don siyarwa.
Yi hankali sosai lokacin siyan manyan samfura, saboda ƙila an sata su ba bisa ƙa'ida ba daga mahallan su. Don guje wa ɗaukar haɗari, koyaushe nemi ƙananan samfuran, ba tare da akwati ba, tun da wannan hanyar kuna tabbatar da cewa waɗannan tsire-tsire sun samu ta hanyar spores.
Kuma da wannan muka gama. Wanne daga cikin bishiyar bishiyar da kuka gani aka fi so?